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Yeşilırmak deltası Terme sulak alanlarında etnobotanik ve tıbbi potansiyele sahip yaygın makrofitler

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 51 - 73, 02.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

Öz

Mevcut araştırma, Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki Terme sulak alanlarında yaygın bulunan etnobotanik ve tıbbi açıdan önemli sucul/yarı-sucul makrofitlerin belgelenmesi için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sucul bitkilerin etno-medical potansiyelini belirlemek için yöre halkının etnobotanik bilgisi kullanılmamış, konuyla ilgili yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Yeşilırmak Deltası’nda farklı özellik, derinlik ve büyüklüklerde zengin lentik ve lotik sistemler bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde kullanılan ve literatürlerde biyoaktif özellikleri belirtilen makrofitler beş yıl süren (2017-2022) saha araştırmaları ile toplanmış ve tanımlanmıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde Terme sulak alanlarının makrofit çeşitliliği bakımından oldukça zengin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alanda etno-tıbbi potansiyeli olan 14 familyaya bağlı 18 cins ve 22 makrofit taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bitkiler sucul/yarı-sucul habitatlarda emers, submers, yüzen yapraklı ve serbest yüzen yapraklı türlerden oluşmaktadır. Farklı mevsimlerde bazı makrofitlerin (Azolla filiculoides Lam., Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss. & Blanche, R. trichophyllus Chaix) aşırı çoğaldıkları gözlenmiştir. Literatür araştırmalarında, mevcut su bitkilerinin biyoaktif bileşenlerce zengin olduğu, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar vb. etkilerinin yanı sıra endüstrinin farklı alanlarında kullanım potansiyelinin de olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma bulguları Yeşilırmak Deltası’nın etnobotanik sucul bitki zenginliği bakımından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye’de tıbbi bitki olarak su bitkileri göz ardı edilmiştir. Oysa yapılan araştırmalarda sulak alanlarda yaygın bulunan bu bitkilerin doğal, ticari, farmakolojik olarak kullanım potansiyelleri yüksektir. Sulak alanların sucul bitki çeşitliliğinin ve potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi etnobotanik araştırmaları destekleyebilir. Yenilebilir ve biyoaktif bileşenlerce zengin makrofitler bölgenin ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyokültürel faaliyetlerine katkı sağlayabilir. Aynı zamanda, son yıllarda artan antropojenik faaliyetlerin baskısı altında olan sulak alanların korunmasını da sağlayabilir. Birçok fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip olan sulak alanların korunması, gelecekte etkisini artırması beklenen küresel iklim değişikliğinden en az oranda etkilenmesi, doğal dengenin ve biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması bakımından oldukça önemlidir.

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Common macrophytes with potential for ethnobotany and medicinal in the Terme wetlands of the Yeşilırmak Delta

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 51 - 73, 02.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

Öz

The current research aimed to document the ethnobotany and medical important aquatic/semi-aquatic macrophytes common in the Terme wetlands in the Yeşilırmak Delta in northern Türkiye. To determine the ethno-medical potential of aquatic plants, the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local people was not used, and scientific studies on the subject were evaluated. There are rich lentic and lotic systems with different features, depths and sizes in the Yeşilırmak Delta. Macrophytes, used in the treatment of various ailments and whose bioactive properties are mentioned in the literature, were collected and identified through field research lasting five years (2017-2022). In the examinations, it was determined that Terme wetlands are very rich in terms of macrophyte diversity. A total of 22 water plant species with ethno-medicinal characteristics, belonging to 18 genera and 14 families, were documented from Terme wetlands. Plants consist of emerged, submersed, floating, and free-floating leaf species in aquatic/semi-aquatic habitats. It has been determined that some macrophytes (Azolla filiculoides Lam., Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss & Blanche, R. trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.) overgrow in different seasons. Literature research shows that existing aquatic plants are rich in bioactive compounds, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. In addition to its effects, it has also been shown that it has the potential to be used in different areas of industry. Study findings show that Yeşilırmak Delta has significant potential in ethnobotanical aquatic plant richness. Aquatic plants have been ignored as medicinal plants in Türkiye. However, research shows that these plants, common in wetlands, have high potential for natural, commercial and pharmacological use. Determining the aquatic plant diversity and potential of wetlands can support ethnobotanical research. Macrophytes rich in edible and bioactive components can contribute to the region's economic, ecological and sociocultural activities. It can also ensure the protection of wetlands, which have been under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities in recent years. Preserving wetlands, which have many functional features, is very important in terms of being least affected by global climate change, which is expected to increase its impact in the future and ensure the sustainability of natural balance and biodiversity.

Kaynakça

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  • Şen, Ş. (2021). Bazı hidrofitlerin fotosentetik pigment içerikleri, biyoaktif bileşenleri ve in vitro antioksidan özellikleri (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/50
  • Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2021). Assessment of aquatic plants in the Miliç Coastal Wetland (Terme, Samsun, Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 14(1−2), 1−23.
  • Taş, B., Ertürk, Ö., Yonat, H., Topaldemir, H. (2019). Son yıllarda Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki sulak alanlarda istilacı bir su bitkisi: “yeşil altın madeni” kızıl eğrelti (Azolla filiculoides Lam.). 3. Uluslararası ÜNİDOKAP Karadeniz Sempozyumu, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Tokat, Sempozyum Kitabı, 424−436.
  • Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2022). Effect of different led lights on the element content of rootless duckweed. In 7th Asia Pacific International Modern Sciences Congress, November 4-5, 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia, pp. 163-173.
  • Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2023). Farklı LED ışıklar altında yetiştirilen köksüz su mercimeğinin (Wolffia arrhiza) Dumas yöntemi kullanılarak ham protein içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Aquatic Research, 6(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR23019
  • Tayjanov, K., Khojimatov, O., Gafforov, Y., Makhkamov, T., Normakhamatov, N., Bussmann, R.W. (2021). Plants and fungi in the ethnomedicine of the medieval East-a review. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.22.46.1-20
  • Teixidor-Toneu, I., Martin, G.J., Ouhammou, A., Puri, R.K., Hawkins, J.A. (2016). An ethnomedicinal survey of a Tashelhit-speaking community in the High Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009
  • Topaldemir, H., Taş, B. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin sulak alan ekosistemleri üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşilırmak deltasında sığ sulak alanlarda bir inceleme. International Conference on Chemical and Biological Sciences, 20-21 2022, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Nigeria, pp. 89-98.
  • Topaldemir, H., Taş, B., Yüksel, B., Ustaoğlu, F. (2023). Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: An ecotoxicological risk assessment in Miliç Wetland, Samsun, Türkiye. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 26397–26416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23937-2
  • Thu, P.T.L., Huong, P.T., Tien, V.V., Ham, L., Khanh, T. (2015). Regeneration and transformation of gene encoding the hemagglutinin antigen of the H5N1 virus in frond of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L.). Journal of Agricultural Studies, 3(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i1.6867
  • Tian, T., Chen, H., Zhao, Y.Y. (2014). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 158, 373-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.061
  • Tiring, G., Satar, S., Özkaya, O. (2021). Sekonder Metabolitler. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 35(1), 203-215.
  • Topcu, Ş., Çölgeçen, H. (2015). Bitki sekonder metabolitlerinin biyoreaktörlerde üretilmesi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 8(2), 9-29.
  • Toyama, T., Sei, K., Yu, N., Kumada, H., Inoue, D., Hoang, H., Ike, M. (2009). Enrichment of bacteria possessing catechol dioxygenase genes in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza: a mechanism of accelerated biodegradation of phenol. Water Research, 43(15), 3765-3776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.045
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  • Yao, Y., Zhang, M., Tian, Y., Zhao, M., Zhang, B., Zhao, M., Yin, B. (2017). Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as green manure for increasing yield and reducing nitrogen loss in rice production. Field Crops Research, 214, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021
  • Yehuda, H., Soroka, Y., Zlotkin-Frušić, M., Gilhar, A., Milner, Y., Tamir, S. (2012). Isothiocyanates inhibit psoriasis-related proinflammatory factors in human skin. Inflammation Research, 61, 735-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0465-3
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  • Yılmaz, Ö., Taş, B. (2021). Feasibility and assessment of the phytoremediation potential of green microalga and duckweed for zeta-cypermethrin removal. Desalination and Water Treatment, 209, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26484
  • Zafar, R., Zahoor, M., Shah, A.B., Majid, F. (2017). Determination of antioxidants and antibacterial activities, total phenolic, polyphenol and pigment contents in Nasturtium officinale. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 11-18.
  • Zeb, A. (2015). Phenolic profile and antioxidant potential of wild watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.). SpringerPlus, 4, 714. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1514-5
Toplam 166 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bitki Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Halim Topaldemir 0000-0002-4494-9715

Beyhan Taş 0000-0001-6421-2561

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Şubat 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 7 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Topaldemir, H., & Taş, B. (2024). Yeşilırmak deltası Terme sulak alanlarında etnobotanik ve tıbbi potansiyele sahip yaygın makrofitler. Aquatic Research, 7(2), 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

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