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GÜNEYDOĞU KARADENİZ RİZE SARAYKÖY PLAJINDA PLASTİK KİRLİLİĞİ

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 127 - 135, 11.04.2018

Fatma Başak Esensoy Şahin , Furkan Karacan Ülgen Aytan

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR18014

Abstract

Yüksek nehir deşarjına sahip yarı kapalı bir deniz olan Karadeniz’de,
çöpler önemli bir çevresel problemdir. Plastik çöpler dünya genelinde olduğu
gibi Karadeniz’de de deniz çöplerinin en yaygın olanıdır. Güneydoğu
Karadeniz’de Rize ili Sarayköy plajında plastik çöpler Haziran 2016-Mart 2017
tarihleri arasında izlenmiştir. Plaj çöpleri mevsimsel olarak OSPAR plaj izleme
metodolojisi takip edilerek 100 m’lik plaj kesitinde toplanmış ve tiplerine
ayrılmışlardır. Çalışma süresince, 43 farklı tip plastik çöp belirlenmiştir.
OSPAR çöp fotoğraf kılavuzunda kaydı olmayan 1 yeni plastik çöp tipi (borular)
listeye ilave edilmiştir. Plajda en yüksek yaz ve en düşük ilkbaharda olmak
üzere ortalama 1.90 ±1.49 adet/m2 ve 14.85 ±12.83 g/m2
plastik çöp bulunmuştur. Çalışma süresince köpük süngerler ve plastik/polistiren
parçalar (2.5-50 cm) en sık rastlanılan çöp tipi olarak bulunmuştur. Plajda
plastik çöpler kullanım alanlarına göre değerlendirildiğinde, yiyecek, içecek
ve genel paketleme ilk üç sırada yer almıştır. Plajda bulunan küçük plastik
parçalar rüzgarlarla kolaylıkla denize taşınabilirlikleri ve yakın gelecekte
mikro- ve nanoplastikleri oluşturacak olmaları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda,
Karadeniz ekosistemi için büyük tehdit oluşturdukları düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Plastik Köpük Sünger Kirlilik Karadeniz

References

  • Arthur, C., Baker, J., Bamford, H. (2009). Proceedings ofthe International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects, and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, September 9-11, 2008. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum, NOS-OR&R-30.
  • Aytan, U., Valente, A., Senturk, Y., Usta, R., Esensoy Sahin, F.B., Mazlum, R.E., Agirbas, E. (2016). First evaluation of neustonic microplastics in Black Sea waters. Marine Environmental Research, 119, 22-30.
  • Boerger, C. M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L., Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60, 2275-2278.
  • BSC (Black Sea Commission) (2007). Marine Litter in the Black Sea Region: A Review of the Problem. Black Sea Commission Publications (p. 148), 2007-1, İstanbul, Türkiye. ISBN 978-9944-245-32-6
  • Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T.S., Lowe, D.M. (2008). Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel. Mytilus edulis. Environmental Science Technology, 42 (13), 5026-5031.
  • Chapman, M.G., Clynick, B.G. (2006). Experiments testing the use of waste material in estuaries as habitat for subtidal organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 338, 164-178.
  • Cole, M. Lindeque, P. Fileman, E. Halsband, C. Goodhead, R. Moger, J. Galloway, T.S. (2013). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science Technology, 12, 6646-6655.
  • Derraik, J.G.B. (2002). The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), 842-852.
  • Galgani, F., Fleet, D., Van Franeker, J., Katsavenakis, S., Maes, T., Mouat, J., Oosterbaan, L., Poitou, I., Hanke, G., Thompson, R., Amato, E., Birkun, A. & Janssen, C. (2010). Marine Strategy Framework Directive Task Group 10 Report Marine litter, In N. Zampoukas (Eds.), JRC Scientific and technical report, (p. 57), ICES/JRC/IFREMER Joint Report (no 31210 – 2009/2010). ISBN 978-92-79-15653-3
  • Galloway T.S. (2015). Micro- and nano-plastics and human health. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 347-370). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Guneroglu, A. (2010). Marine litter transportation and composition in the Coastal Southern Black Sea Region. Science. Research Essays, 5 (3), 296-303.
  • Kiessling, T., Gutow L., Thiel M. (2015). Marine litter as a habitat and dispersal vector. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 141–181). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Kühn, S., Rebolledo, E.L.B., van Franeker, J.A. (2015). Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 75-116). Berlin: Springer ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Laist, D.W. (1997). Impacts of marine debris: Entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. In J. M. Coe & D. B. Rogers (Eds.), Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4613-8486-1
  • Oguz, T., Latun, V., Latif, M., Vladimirov, V., Sur, H., Markov, A., Ozsoy, E., Kotovshchikov, B., Eremeev, V., Unluata, U. (1993). Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 40 (8), 1597-1612.
  • OSPAR Commission (2007). OSPAR Pilot Project on Monitoring Marine Beach Litter. Monitoring of marine litter in the OSPAR region. ISBN 978-1-905859-45-0
  • OSPAR, Commission (2010). OSPAR Guideline for Monitoring Marine Litter on the Beach in the OSPAR Maritime Area, Agreement Number 2010-02. p.84. ISBN 90 3631 973 9
  • Oztekin, A., Bat, L. (2017). Microlitter Pollution in Sea Water: A Preliminary Study from Sinop Sarikum Coast of the Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17, 1431-1440.
  • Plastics Europe (2017). Plastics-the Facts 2017. http://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/5715/1717/4180/Plastics_the_facts_2017_FINAL_for_website_one_page.pdf (accessed 10.11.17)
  • Ryan, P.G. (2015). A Brief History of Marine Litter Research. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 1-25). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Simeonova, A., Chuturkova, R., Yaneva, V. (2017). Seasonal dynamics of marine litter along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119, 110-118.
  • Terzi, Y., Seyhan, K. (2017). Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Marine Litter on the South-Eastern Black Sea Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 120, 154-158.
  • Terzi, Y., Seyhan, K. (2013). Seasonal changes in the marine litter in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In Scientific Annals of the Danube Delta Institute (Eds.), vol. 20, Section II. Environmental factors, ecological reconstruction, human impact. (p. 77 – 82) Tulcea, Romania.
  • Thompson, R.C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R.P., Davis, A., Rowland, S.J., John, A.W.G., McGonigle, D., Russell, A.E. (2004). Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science vol.304, 838.
  • Topcu, E. N., Ozturk, B. (2010). Abundance and composition of solid waste materials on the western part of the Turkish Black Sea seabed. Aquatic Ecosystem Health / Marine Environmental Research, 13(3), 301-306.
  • Topcu, E. N., Tonay, A. M., Dede, A., Ozturk, A. A., Ozturk, B. (2013). Origin and abundance of marine litter along sandy beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea coast. Marine Environmental Research. 85, 21-28.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2005): Marine Litter, An Analytical Overview. Nairobi 2005. http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8276/-UNEP%20Year%20Book%202012_%20emerging%20issues%20in%20our%20global%20environment-2011UNEP_YEARBOOK_Fullreport.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y (accessed 09.11.17)
  • UNEP (2011). UNEP year book: Emerging issues in our global environment (79 p). Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme. http://apps.unep.org/repository/publication-type/unep-year-book (accessed 09.11.17)
  • Visne, A., Bat, L., (2016). Karadeniz’in Sinop Sarıkum Lagünü Kıyısında Deniz Çöpü Kirliliği. Y. Ak Örek & D. Tezcan (Eds.), Türkiye Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı 2016 Bildiri Özetleri. (p.244-245), Ankara.

PLASTIC POLLUTION ON RIZE SARAYKOY BEACH IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BLACK SEA

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 127 - 135, 11.04.2018

Fatma Başak Esensoy Şahin , Furkan Karacan Ülgen Aytan

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR18014

Abstract

Marine litter is an important environmental problem in the Black Sea
which is a semi-enclosed with high river discharge. Plastics are the most
common marine litter in the Black Sea as it’s in the other regions in the
world. Plastic litter were monitored in the Saraykoy beach of Rize in the
South-Eastern Black Sea between June 2016 and March 2017. The beach litter
collected seasonally following OSPAR beach monitoring methodology and collected
in 100 m beach section and separated into types. During the study, 43 different
types of plastic litter were identified. A new plastic litter type (pipes) was
added to OSPAR litter photo guide. In the beach, average 1.90 ±1.49 pieces/m2
and 14.85 ±12.83 g/m2 plastic litter were found with the highest in
summer and the lowest in spring. During the study, foam sponges and
plastic/polystyrene pieces (2.5-50 cm) were the most common type of litter.
According to usage, food related, beverages and general packaging comprised top
three in the beach. Our results suggest that small plastic pieces might easily
transport to the sea by wind and break down to micro- and nanoplastics which
would be harm to Black Sea ecosystem.

Keywords

Plastic foam sponge pollution Black Sea

References

  • Arthur, C., Baker, J., Bamford, H. (2009). Proceedings ofthe International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects, and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, September 9-11, 2008. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum, NOS-OR&R-30.
  • Aytan, U., Valente, A., Senturk, Y., Usta, R., Esensoy Sahin, F.B., Mazlum, R.E., Agirbas, E. (2016). First evaluation of neustonic microplastics in Black Sea waters. Marine Environmental Research, 119, 22-30.
  • Boerger, C. M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L., Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60, 2275-2278.
  • BSC (Black Sea Commission) (2007). Marine Litter in the Black Sea Region: A Review of the Problem. Black Sea Commission Publications (p. 148), 2007-1, İstanbul, Türkiye. ISBN 978-9944-245-32-6
  • Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T.S., Lowe, D.M. (2008). Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel. Mytilus edulis. Environmental Science Technology, 42 (13), 5026-5031.
  • Chapman, M.G., Clynick, B.G. (2006). Experiments testing the use of waste material in estuaries as habitat for subtidal organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 338, 164-178.
  • Cole, M. Lindeque, P. Fileman, E. Halsband, C. Goodhead, R. Moger, J. Galloway, T.S. (2013). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science Technology, 12, 6646-6655.
  • Derraik, J.G.B. (2002). The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), 842-852.
  • Galgani, F., Fleet, D., Van Franeker, J., Katsavenakis, S., Maes, T., Mouat, J., Oosterbaan, L., Poitou, I., Hanke, G., Thompson, R., Amato, E., Birkun, A. & Janssen, C. (2010). Marine Strategy Framework Directive Task Group 10 Report Marine litter, In N. Zampoukas (Eds.), JRC Scientific and technical report, (p. 57), ICES/JRC/IFREMER Joint Report (no 31210 – 2009/2010). ISBN 978-92-79-15653-3
  • Galloway T.S. (2015). Micro- and nano-plastics and human health. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 347-370). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Guneroglu, A. (2010). Marine litter transportation and composition in the Coastal Southern Black Sea Region. Science. Research Essays, 5 (3), 296-303.
  • Kiessling, T., Gutow L., Thiel M. (2015). Marine litter as a habitat and dispersal vector. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 141–181). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Kühn, S., Rebolledo, E.L.B., van Franeker, J.A. (2015). Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 75-116). Berlin: Springer ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Laist, D.W. (1997). Impacts of marine debris: Entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. In J. M. Coe & D. B. Rogers (Eds.), Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4613-8486-1
  • Oguz, T., Latun, V., Latif, M., Vladimirov, V., Sur, H., Markov, A., Ozsoy, E., Kotovshchikov, B., Eremeev, V., Unluata, U. (1993). Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black Sea. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 40 (8), 1597-1612.
  • OSPAR Commission (2007). OSPAR Pilot Project on Monitoring Marine Beach Litter. Monitoring of marine litter in the OSPAR region. ISBN 978-1-905859-45-0
  • OSPAR, Commission (2010). OSPAR Guideline for Monitoring Marine Litter on the Beach in the OSPAR Maritime Area, Agreement Number 2010-02. p.84. ISBN 90 3631 973 9
  • Oztekin, A., Bat, L. (2017). Microlitter Pollution in Sea Water: A Preliminary Study from Sinop Sarikum Coast of the Southern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17, 1431-1440.
  • Plastics Europe (2017). Plastics-the Facts 2017. http://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/5715/1717/4180/Plastics_the_facts_2017_FINAL_for_website_one_page.pdf (accessed 10.11.17)
  • Ryan, P.G. (2015). A Brief History of Marine Litter Research. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow & M. Klages (Eds.), Marine Anthropogenic Litter (p. 1-25). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-16510-3
  • Simeonova, A., Chuturkova, R., Yaneva, V. (2017). Seasonal dynamics of marine litter along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119, 110-118.
  • Terzi, Y., Seyhan, K. (2017). Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Marine Litter on the South-Eastern Black Sea Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 120, 154-158.
  • Terzi, Y., Seyhan, K. (2013). Seasonal changes in the marine litter in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In Scientific Annals of the Danube Delta Institute (Eds.), vol. 20, Section II. Environmental factors, ecological reconstruction, human impact. (p. 77 – 82) Tulcea, Romania.
  • Thompson, R.C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R.P., Davis, A., Rowland, S.J., John, A.W.G., McGonigle, D., Russell, A.E. (2004). Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science vol.304, 838.
  • Topcu, E. N., Ozturk, B. (2010). Abundance and composition of solid waste materials on the western part of the Turkish Black Sea seabed. Aquatic Ecosystem Health / Marine Environmental Research, 13(3), 301-306.
  • Topcu, E. N., Tonay, A. M., Dede, A., Ozturk, A. A., Ozturk, B. (2013). Origin and abundance of marine litter along sandy beaches of the Turkish Western Black Sea coast. Marine Environmental Research. 85, 21-28.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2005): Marine Litter, An Analytical Overview. Nairobi 2005. http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8276/-UNEP%20Year%20Book%202012_%20emerging%20issues%20in%20our%20global%20environment-2011UNEP_YEARBOOK_Fullreport.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y (accessed 09.11.17)
  • UNEP (2011). UNEP year book: Emerging issues in our global environment (79 p). Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme. http://apps.unep.org/repository/publication-type/unep-year-book (accessed 09.11.17)
  • Visne, A., Bat, L., (2016). Karadeniz’in Sinop Sarıkum Lagünü Kıyısında Deniz Çöpü Kirliliği. Y. Ak Örek & D. Tezcan (Eds.), Türkiye Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı 2016 Bildiri Özetleri. (p.244-245), Ankara.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Başak Esensoy Şahin 0000-0001-7046-3842

Furkan Karacan 0000-0002-6369-8149

Ülgen Aytan 0000-0002-6530-3083

Publication Date April 11, 2018
Submission Date March 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Esensoy Şahin, F. B., Karacan, F., & Aytan, Ü. (2018). GÜNEYDOĞU KARADENİZ RİZE SARAYKÖY PLAJINDA PLASTİK KİRLİLİĞİ. Aquatic Research, 1(3), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR18014
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