Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

YUMURTALIK KIYISAL SULARINDA (KUZEY DOĞU AKDENİZ) MESOZOOPLANKTON STOKLARININ 2012-2017 YILLARI ARASINDAKİ ZAMANSAL DEĞİŞİMİ

Year 2019, , 1 - 15, 28.01.2019

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR19001

Abstract

Pelajik
ekosistemin temel taşlarından olan zooplanktonun kalitatif ve kantitatif
değişimi ekosistemde meydana gelen çevresel değişimlerinde göstergesi olarak
bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada mesozooplanktonun miktarsal durumu ve
grup kompozisyonu karakterize edilerek İskenderun Körfezi kıyısal sularındaki
mevcut durumun tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mesozooplankton örneklemeleri
Nisan 2012 ve Aralık 2017 yılları arasında mevsimsel sıklıkta dipten yüzeye
vertikal olarak 5 istasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 32 zooplankton grubu
bulunmuş olup, bunlardan 15 tanesi holoplankton grubu, gerisi meroplankton
gruplarıdır. Holoplankton olan gruplar genellikle çalışma alanında baskın
olmakla birlikte, sadece 2013 ve 2015 yılı yaz mevsimlerinde Echinodermata
baskın olarak gözlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında holoplanktonda genellikle Copepoda
baskın grup olarak gözlenirken, sıcak periyotlarda Cladocera ve Echinodermata
baskındır. 2015 yılı sonbaharında ise Doliolida baskın grup olarak
gözlenmiştir. Bolluk ve biyokütle değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiki olarak
önemsiz olarak bulunmakla birlikte (p>0,05), mevsimsel değişimler
istatistiki açıdan önemli çıkmıştır (sırasıyla, p<0,01, p<0,05).
Mesozooplankton biyokütle değerleri ilkbahar mevsiminde 0,5-21,6 mg/m3,
yazın 2,2- 23,7 mg/m3, sonbaharda 2-27,9 mg/ m3 ve kışın
1,3-17,3 mg/m3 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak,
İskenderun Körfezi’nde mesozooplankton mevcut stoklarının miktarı tüm örnekleme
periyodu boyunca küçük ölçekte dalgalanmış olup, grup komposizyonu bakımından
meroplanktona bağlı olarak kısmen değişim göstermiştir.  

Keywords

Mesozooplankton Bolluk Biyokütle Grup Kompozisyon İskederun Körfezi İskederun Körfezi

References

  • Acar-Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. (2017). Türkiye Sıcaklık Ekstremlerindeki Değişkenlikler Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Coğrafya Dergisi, 35, 41-54.
  • Atienza, D., Saiz, E., Calbet, A. (2006). Feeding Ecology of the Marine Cladoceran Penilia avirostris: Natural diet, Prey Selectivity and Daily Ration. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 315, 211-220.
  • Avşar, D. (1999). Yeni Bir Skifomedüz (Rhopilema noma- dica)’ ün Dağılımı ile İlgili Olarak Doğu Akdeniz’in Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(2), 605-616. Calbet, A., Garrido, S., Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., Duarte, M. (2001). Annual Zooplankton Succession in Coastal NW Mediterranean Waters: the Importance of the Smaller Size Fractions. Journal of Plankton Research, 23(3), 319-331.
  • Çelik, S., Özalp, Y. (2011) Sıcak yıllar meteorolojik kaynaklı afetler ve 2010 yılı V. Atmosfer bilimleri sempozyumu, ITU, İstanbul 27-29 Nisan 2011.
  • Çoğun, H.Y., Yüzereroğlu, T.A., Kargın, F., Fırat, Ö. (2005). Seasonal Variations and Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Shrimp and Fish Species from the Yumurtalik Coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75, 707-715.
  • Ferna´ndez de Puelles, M.L., Gras, D., Herna´ndez de Leon, S., (2003). Annual Cycle of Zooplankton, Biomass, Abundance and Species Composition in the Neritic area of the Balearic Sea, Western Mediterranean. PSZN Marine Ecology, 23, 1-17.
  • Gajbhiye, S.N., (2002). Zooplankton-Study methods, importance and significant observations. In G. Quadros, (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries and Mangroves-Pollution and Conservation, (21-27), Thane.
  • Gaudy, R,, Champalbert, G. (1998). Space and Time Variations in Zooplankton Distribution South of Marseilles. Oceanologia Acta, 21, 793-802. Gücü, A.C. (1987). Zooplankton Dynamics in the Northern Cilician Basin-Composition and Time Series. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, İçel.
  • Hannides, C.C.S., Siokou, I., Zervoudakid, S., Frangoulis, C., Lange, M.A. (2015). Mesozooplankton Biomass and Abundance in Cyprus Coastal Waters and Comparison With the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Mediterranean Marine Science, 16(2), 373-384.
  • İyiduvar, O. (1986). Hydrographic Characteristics of Iskenderun Bay. Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Master thesis, Içel.
  • Jamet, J.L., Boge, G., Richard, S., Geneys, C., Jamet, D. (2001). The Zooplankton Community in Bays of Toulon Area (Northwest Mediterranean Sea, France). Hydrobiologia, 457, 155-165.
  • Jamet, J.L., Bogé, G., Richard, S., Jamet, D. (2005). Plankton Succession and Assemblage Structure in Two Neighbouring Littoral Ecosystems in the North-West Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research, 56(1), 69-83.
  • Lenz, J. (2000). Introduction. In: Harris, R., Wiebe P., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H.R., Huntley M.(Eds.) ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual (p. 1-32). USA: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780123276452
  • Mazzocchi, M.G., Ribera D'alcala, M. (1995). Recurrent Patterns in Zooplankton Structure and Succession in a Variable Coastal Environment. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 52, 679-691.
  • Mozetic, P., Fonda- Umani, S., Cataletto, B., Malej, A. (1998). Seasonal and inter-annual plankton variability in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic), Journal of Marine Science, 55, 711-722.
  • Nielsen, T.G., Lorkkegaard, B., Richardson, K., Pedersen, F.B., Hansen, L., (1993). Structure of Plankton Communities in the Dogger Bank Area (North Sea) During a Stratified Situation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 95, 115-131.
  • Ounissi, M., Laskri, H., Khélifi-Touhami, M. (2016). Net-Zooplankton Abundance and Biomass from Annaba Bay (SW Mediterranean Sea) Under Estuarine Influences. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17(2), 519-532.
  • Panayotidis, P., Pancucci, M.A., Balopoulos, E., Gotsis‐Skretas, O. (1994). Plankton Distribution Patterns in a Mediterranean Dilution Basin: Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece). P.S.Z.N. I: Marine Ecology, 15(2), 93 -104.
  • Polat, S., (2002). Nutrients, Chlorophyll a and Phytoplankton in the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 23(2), 115-126.
  • Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Koutsikopoulos, C., Fragopoulu, N., (2005). Summer Mesozooplankton Distribution in Coastal Waters of Central Greece (Eastern Mediterranean) I Hydrology and Group Composition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 755-764.
  • Roman, M.R., Ducklow, H.W., Fuhrman, J.A., Garside, C., Glibert, P.M., Malone, T., Mc Manus, G.B. (1988). Production, Consumption and Nutrient Cycling in a Laboratory Mesocosm. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 42, 39-52.
  • Siokou-Frangou, I. (1996). Zooplankton Annual Sycle in a Mediterranean Coastal Area. Journal of Plankton Research, 18(2), 203-223.
  • Skjoldal, H. R., Wiebe, P. H., Foote, K. G. (2000). Sampling and Experimental Design. In: Harris, R. P., Wiebe, P. H., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H. R. & Huntley, M. (Eds.) ICES-Zooplankton Methodology Manual (p 33-49). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780123276452 Terbıyık Kurt, T., (2018). Contribution and Acclimatization of the Swarming Tropical Copepod Dioithona oculata (Farran, 1913) in a Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystem. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42(5), 567-577.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S. (2013a). Seasonal Distribution of Coastal Mesozooplankton Community in Relation to the Environmental Factors in Iskenderun Bay (North- east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(5), 1163-1174.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2013b). Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Coastal Mesozooplankton Abundace and Biomass in Iskenderun Bay. Rapports et procès-verbaux des réunions Commission Internationale pour L'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer, 40, 744.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2014). Characterization of Sea- sonal and Inter-Annual Changes in the Abundance of Species of Marine Cladocera on the Turkish Coast of the Northeastern Levantine Basin. Crustaceana, 87(7), 769-783.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2015). Zooplankton Abundance, Biomass, and Size Structure in the Coastal Waters of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(3), 378-387.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2017). Introduction of a New Indo-Pacific Marine Cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 18(3), 517-523. Toklu-Alıçlı, B., Sarıhan, E. (2016). Seasonal Changes of Zooplankton Species and Groups Composition in Iskenderun Bay (North East Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(5), 1395-1405. Toklu, B., Sarıhan, E. (2003). The Copepoda and Cladocera (Crustacea) Fauna Along the Yumurtalık-Botaş Coast- line in Iskenderun Bay. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20, 63-68.
  • Turner, J.T., Tester, P.A., Ferguson, R.L. (1988). The Marine Cladoceran Penilia avirostris Avirostrisand the “Microbial loop” of Pelagic Food Webs. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(2), 245-255.
  • Vidjak, O., Bojanic, N., Kuspilic, G,, Marasovic, I., Gladan, Z.N., Brautovic, I. (2006). Annual Variability and Trophic Relations of the Mesozooplankton Community in the Eutrophicated Coastal Area (Vranjic Basin, eastern Adriatic Sea). Journal of Marine Biological Assocciation United Kingdom, 86, 19-26. Walsh, J.J., (1988). On the Nature of Continental Shelves. Academic Press, London. ISBN: 9781483258324
  • Yilmaz, A., Basturk, O., Saydam, C., Ediger, D., Yilmaz, K., Hatipoglu, E. (1992). Eutrophication in Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean. In: R.A. Marchetti, & Viviani, R (Eds.) Science of Total Environment (Special issue), Marine Coastal Eutrophication, (p 705-717) Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 9780444899903
  • Zenginer Yılmaz, A., Besiktepe, S. (2010). Annual Variations in Biochemical Composition of Size Fractionated Particulate Matter and Zooplankton Abundance and Biomass in Mersin Bay, NE Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 81(3), 260-271.

TEMPORAL CHANGES OF MESOZOOPLANKTON STANDING STOCKS IN COASTAL WATERS OF YUMURTALIK (NORTHEASTERN MEDİTERRANEAN) IN YEARS 2012-2017

Year 2019, , 1 - 15, 28.01.2019

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR19001

Abstract

The variation in
qualitative and quantitative situation, as well as composition of zooplankton, major
keystones in the pelagic ecosystem, are known as be an indicators of changing
environmental conditions. In this In the present work, we particularly
sought to determine the current situation
of the coastal waters in Iskenderun Bay by characterizing the quantitative
status and group composition of mesozooplankton. Mesozooplankton samplings was
taken vertically at 5 stations from surface to bottom between April 2012 and
December 2017 at seasonal scale. A total of 32 zooplankton groups were
identified, of which 15 were holoplankton and the rest were meroplankton.
Although holoplanktonic groups are generally predominant, only Echinodermata
was dominant in summer of 2013 and 2015. In the study area, Copepoda was
generally seen as a dominant group in holoplankton, while Cladocera and
Echinodermata were dominant in warmer periods. Doliolida was only observed as
the dominant group in the only autumn of 2015. Although variations in abundance
and biomass among years ​​was statistically insignificant (p>0.05), seasonal
changes were statistically significant (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively).
Mesozooplankton biomass varied between 0.5-21.6 mg / m3 in the
spring season, 2.2- 23.7 mg/m3 in the summer, 2-27.9 mg/m3 in
the autumn and 1.3-17.3 mg/m3 in winter. As a result, the mesozooplankton standing stocks in of
Iskenderun Bay fluctuated at a small scale during the whole sampling
period,  however, group composition was
partly differed due to variations in meroplankton groups.

Keywords

İskenderun Bay Mesozooplankton Abundance Biomass Group Composition İskenderun Bay

References

  • Acar-Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. (2017). Türkiye Sıcaklık Ekstremlerindeki Değişkenlikler Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Coğrafya Dergisi, 35, 41-54.
  • Atienza, D., Saiz, E., Calbet, A. (2006). Feeding Ecology of the Marine Cladoceran Penilia avirostris: Natural diet, Prey Selectivity and Daily Ration. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 315, 211-220.
  • Avşar, D. (1999). Yeni Bir Skifomedüz (Rhopilema noma- dica)’ ün Dağılımı ile İlgili Olarak Doğu Akdeniz’in Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(2), 605-616. Calbet, A., Garrido, S., Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., Duarte, M. (2001). Annual Zooplankton Succession in Coastal NW Mediterranean Waters: the Importance of the Smaller Size Fractions. Journal of Plankton Research, 23(3), 319-331.
  • Çelik, S., Özalp, Y. (2011) Sıcak yıllar meteorolojik kaynaklı afetler ve 2010 yılı V. Atmosfer bilimleri sempozyumu, ITU, İstanbul 27-29 Nisan 2011.
  • Çoğun, H.Y., Yüzereroğlu, T.A., Kargın, F., Fırat, Ö. (2005). Seasonal Variations and Tissue Distribution of Heavy Metals in Shrimp and Fish Species from the Yumurtalik Coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75, 707-715.
  • Ferna´ndez de Puelles, M.L., Gras, D., Herna´ndez de Leon, S., (2003). Annual Cycle of Zooplankton, Biomass, Abundance and Species Composition in the Neritic area of the Balearic Sea, Western Mediterranean. PSZN Marine Ecology, 23, 1-17.
  • Gajbhiye, S.N., (2002). Zooplankton-Study methods, importance and significant observations. In G. Quadros, (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Seminar on Creeks, Estuaries and Mangroves-Pollution and Conservation, (21-27), Thane.
  • Gaudy, R,, Champalbert, G. (1998). Space and Time Variations in Zooplankton Distribution South of Marseilles. Oceanologia Acta, 21, 793-802. Gücü, A.C. (1987). Zooplankton Dynamics in the Northern Cilician Basin-Composition and Time Series. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, İçel.
  • Hannides, C.C.S., Siokou, I., Zervoudakid, S., Frangoulis, C., Lange, M.A. (2015). Mesozooplankton Biomass and Abundance in Cyprus Coastal Waters and Comparison With the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Mediterranean Marine Science, 16(2), 373-384.
  • İyiduvar, O. (1986). Hydrographic Characteristics of Iskenderun Bay. Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Master thesis, Içel.
  • Jamet, J.L., Boge, G., Richard, S., Geneys, C., Jamet, D. (2001). The Zooplankton Community in Bays of Toulon Area (Northwest Mediterranean Sea, France). Hydrobiologia, 457, 155-165.
  • Jamet, J.L., Bogé, G., Richard, S., Jamet, D. (2005). Plankton Succession and Assemblage Structure in Two Neighbouring Littoral Ecosystems in the North-West Mediterranean Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research, 56(1), 69-83.
  • Lenz, J. (2000). Introduction. In: Harris, R., Wiebe P., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H.R., Huntley M.(Eds.) ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual (p. 1-32). USA: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780123276452
  • Mazzocchi, M.G., Ribera D'alcala, M. (1995). Recurrent Patterns in Zooplankton Structure and Succession in a Variable Coastal Environment. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 52, 679-691.
  • Mozetic, P., Fonda- Umani, S., Cataletto, B., Malej, A. (1998). Seasonal and inter-annual plankton variability in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic), Journal of Marine Science, 55, 711-722.
  • Nielsen, T.G., Lorkkegaard, B., Richardson, K., Pedersen, F.B., Hansen, L., (1993). Structure of Plankton Communities in the Dogger Bank Area (North Sea) During a Stratified Situation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 95, 115-131.
  • Ounissi, M., Laskri, H., Khélifi-Touhami, M. (2016). Net-Zooplankton Abundance and Biomass from Annaba Bay (SW Mediterranean Sea) Under Estuarine Influences. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17(2), 519-532.
  • Panayotidis, P., Pancucci, M.A., Balopoulos, E., Gotsis‐Skretas, O. (1994). Plankton Distribution Patterns in a Mediterranean Dilution Basin: Amvrakikos Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece). P.S.Z.N. I: Marine Ecology, 15(2), 93 -104.
  • Polat, S., (2002). Nutrients, Chlorophyll a and Phytoplankton in the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean). Marine Ecology, 23(2), 115-126.
  • Ramfos, A., Somarakis, S., Koutsikopoulos, C., Fragopoulu, N., (2005). Summer Mesozooplankton Distribution in Coastal Waters of Central Greece (Eastern Mediterranean) I Hydrology and Group Composition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 755-764.
  • Roman, M.R., Ducklow, H.W., Fuhrman, J.A., Garside, C., Glibert, P.M., Malone, T., Mc Manus, G.B. (1988). Production, Consumption and Nutrient Cycling in a Laboratory Mesocosm. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 42, 39-52.
  • Siokou-Frangou, I. (1996). Zooplankton Annual Sycle in a Mediterranean Coastal Area. Journal of Plankton Research, 18(2), 203-223.
  • Skjoldal, H. R., Wiebe, P. H., Foote, K. G. (2000). Sampling and Experimental Design. In: Harris, R. P., Wiebe, P. H., Lenz, J., Skjoldal, H. R. & Huntley, M. (Eds.) ICES-Zooplankton Methodology Manual (p 33-49). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780123276452 Terbıyık Kurt, T., (2018). Contribution and Acclimatization of the Swarming Tropical Copepod Dioithona oculata (Farran, 1913) in a Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystem. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42(5), 567-577.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S. (2013a). Seasonal Distribution of Coastal Mesozooplankton Community in Relation to the Environmental Factors in Iskenderun Bay (North- east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93(5), 1163-1174.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2013b). Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Coastal Mesozooplankton Abundace and Biomass in Iskenderun Bay. Rapports et procès-verbaux des réunions Commission Internationale pour L'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer, 40, 744.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2014). Characterization of Sea- sonal and Inter-Annual Changes in the Abundance of Species of Marine Cladocera on the Turkish Coast of the Northeastern Levantine Basin. Crustaceana, 87(7), 769-783.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2015). Zooplankton Abundance, Biomass, and Size Structure in the Coastal Waters of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(3), 378-387.
  • Terbıyık Kurt, T., Polat, S., (2017). Introduction of a New Indo-Pacific Marine Cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 18(3), 517-523. Toklu-Alıçlı, B., Sarıhan, E. (2016). Seasonal Changes of Zooplankton Species and Groups Composition in Iskenderun Bay (North East Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(5), 1395-1405. Toklu, B., Sarıhan, E. (2003). The Copepoda and Cladocera (Crustacea) Fauna Along the Yumurtalık-Botaş Coast- line in Iskenderun Bay. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20, 63-68.
  • Turner, J.T., Tester, P.A., Ferguson, R.L. (1988). The Marine Cladoceran Penilia avirostris Avirostrisand the “Microbial loop” of Pelagic Food Webs. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(2), 245-255.
  • Vidjak, O., Bojanic, N., Kuspilic, G,, Marasovic, I., Gladan, Z.N., Brautovic, I. (2006). Annual Variability and Trophic Relations of the Mesozooplankton Community in the Eutrophicated Coastal Area (Vranjic Basin, eastern Adriatic Sea). Journal of Marine Biological Assocciation United Kingdom, 86, 19-26. Walsh, J.J., (1988). On the Nature of Continental Shelves. Academic Press, London. ISBN: 9781483258324
  • Yilmaz, A., Basturk, O., Saydam, C., Ediger, D., Yilmaz, K., Hatipoglu, E. (1992). Eutrophication in Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean. In: R.A. Marchetti, & Viviani, R (Eds.) Science of Total Environment (Special issue), Marine Coastal Eutrophication, (p 705-717) Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 9780444899903
  • Zenginer Yılmaz, A., Besiktepe, S. (2010). Annual Variations in Biochemical Composition of Size Fractionated Particulate Matter and Zooplankton Abundance and Biomass in Mersin Bay, NE Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 81(3), 260-271.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt 0000-0002-2937-6816

Publication Date January 28, 2019
Submission Date September 23, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Terbıyık Kurt, T. (2019). YUMURTALIK KIYISAL SULARINDA (KUZEY DOĞU AKDENİZ) MESOZOOPLANKTON STOKLARININ 2012-2017 YILLARI ARASINDAKİ ZAMANSAL DEĞİŞİMİ. Aquatic Research, 2(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR19001

16291

is licensed under a CreativeCommons Attribtion-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence 14628   1325927040

Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Archiving Policy:

Archiving is done according to TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM "DergiPark" publication policy (LOCKSS).