Yeşilırmak deltası Terme sulak alanlarında etnobotanik ve tıbbi potansiyele sahip yaygın makrofitler

Halim Topaldemir; Beyhan Taş

doi:10.3153/AR24006

Research Article

Yeşilırmak deltası Terme sulak alanlarında etnobotanik ve tıbbi potansiyele sahip yaygın makrofitler

Year 2024, , 51 - 73, 02.04.2024

Halim Topaldemir , Beyhan Taş

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

Abstract

Mevcut araştırma, Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki Terme sulak alanlarında yaygın bulunan etnobotanik ve tıbbi açıdan önemli sucul/yarı-sucul makrofitlerin belgelenmesi için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sucul bitkilerin etno-medical potansiyelini belirlemek için yöre halkının etnobotanik bilgisi kullanılmamış, konuyla ilgili yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Yeşilırmak Deltası’nda farklı özellik, derinlik ve büyüklüklerde zengin lentik ve lotik sistemler bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde kullanılan ve literatürlerde biyoaktif özellikleri belirtilen makrofitler beş yıl süren (2017-2022) saha araştırmaları ile toplanmış ve tanımlanmıştır. Yapılan incelemelerde Terme sulak alanlarının makrofit çeşitliliği bakımından oldukça zengin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alanda etno-tıbbi potansiyeli olan 14 familyaya bağlı 18 cins ve 22 makrofit taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bitkiler sucul/yarı-sucul habitatlarda emers, submers, yüzen yapraklı ve serbest yüzen yapraklı türlerden oluşmaktadır. Farklı mevsimlerde bazı makrofitlerin (Azolla filiculoides Lam., Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss. & Blanche, R. trichophyllus Chaix) aşırı çoğaldıkları gözlenmiştir. Literatür araştırmalarında, mevcut su bitkilerinin biyoaktif bileşenlerce zengin olduğu, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar vb. etkilerinin yanı sıra endüstrinin farklı alanlarında kullanım potansiyelinin de olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma bulguları Yeşilırmak Deltası’nın etnobotanik sucul bitki zenginliği bakımından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye’de tıbbi bitki olarak su bitkileri göz ardı edilmiştir. Oysa yapılan araştırmalarda sulak alanlarda yaygın bulunan bu bitkilerin doğal, ticari, farmakolojik olarak kullanım potansiyelleri yüksektir. Sulak alanların sucul bitki çeşitliliğinin ve potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi etnobotanik araştırmaları destekleyebilir. Yenilebilir ve biyoaktif bileşenlerce zengin makrofitler bölgenin ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyokültürel faaliyetlerine katkı sağlayabilir. Aynı zamanda, son yıllarda artan antropojenik faaliyetlerin baskısı altında olan sulak alanların korunmasını da sağlayabilir. Birçok fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip olan sulak alanların korunması, gelecekte etkisini artırması beklenen küresel iklim değişikliğinden en az oranda etkilenmesi, doğal dengenin ve biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması bakımından oldukça önemlidir.

Keywords

Antropojenik Baskı, Etnobotanik, Etnomedikal, Makrofit, Sulak Alan Tıbbi Bitkileri

References

Abbasi, H., Kabir, H. (2018). Unani perspective and new researches of Sa’ad ku’fi (Cyperus rotundus): A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 378-381. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2059
Abu, T. (2017). A Review: Aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae): Plant profile, phytochemistry and medicinal properties. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(7), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20174667
Acharya, C., Madhu, N.R., Khan, N.S., Guha, P. (2021). Improved reproductive efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.) on testis of male swiss mice and a pilot study of its potential values. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 10(4), 7-14.
Ahmad, I., Ibrar, M., Ali, N. (2011). Ethnobotanical study of Tehsil Kabal, Swat district, KPK, Pakistan. Journal of Botany, 2011, 368572. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/368572
Ahmad, S.Z., Khan, Z., Mirza, S.A. (2022). Assessment of ethnopharmacological potential of Cyperus difformis L. in terms of its’ phytochemistry, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer attributes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50(4), 12918-12918. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312918
Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed, S., Salahin, M., Sultana, R., Khatun, M., Razvy, M.A.,… Hossain, M.M. (2007). Standardization of a suitable protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of Acorus calamus L. an important medicinal plant in Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 2(2), 136-140.
Ajaib, M., Haider, S.K., Zikrea, A. (2014). Ethnobotanical studies of shrubs and trees of Agra valley Parachinar, upper Kurram agency, Pakistan. FUUAST Journal of Biology, 4(1), 73–81.
Al Knani, Z.M.I., Al Ashoor, A.S., Hussein, A.N. (2023). Antioxidant activity of some Salvinia natans L. extracts and a study of their efficacy against isolated bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(1), 1954-1968.
Alaca, F., Arslan, N. (2012). Sekonder metabolitlerin bitkiler açısından önemi. Ziraat Mühendisliği, (358), 48-55.
Ali, M., Iqbal, I.M., Shabbir, A., Khan, Z.U.D., Khan, M.T.A. (2020). Ethnomedicinal studies on aquatic plants of tehsil Shakargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(1), 15-19.
Al-Maliki, G. M., Al-Khafaji, K. K., Karim, R. M. (2017). Antibacterial activity of two water plants Nymphaea alba and Salvinia natans leaves against pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(5), 353–355.
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2016a). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cynodon dactylon−A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(7), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06721731
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2016b). A review on Cyperus rotundus: A potential medicinal plant. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(7), 32-48. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06723248
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2019). Lemna minor: Traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 9(8), 6-11.
Amjad, M.S., Zahoor, U., Bussmann, R.W., Altaf, M., Gardazi, S.M.H., Abbasi, A.M. (2020). Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00417-w
Amudha, P., Jayalakshmi, M., Pushpabharathi, N., Vanitha, V. (2018). Identification of bioactive components in enhalus acoroides seagrass extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Asian Journal Pharmaceutical Clinical Research, 11(10), 313-317. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.25577
Arenas, P.M., Molares, S., Aguilar Contreras, A., Doumecq, B., Gabrielli, F. (2013). Ethnobotanical, micrographic and pharmacological features of plant-based weight-loss products sold in naturist stores in Mexico City: the need for better quality control. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 27, 560-579. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000300014
Arslan Günal, S., Taş, B. (2022). Uzay çalışmalarında biyorejeneratif yaşam destek sistemleri için potansiyel bir tür: Dünyanın en küçük spermatofiti, köksüz su mercimeği (Wolffia arrhiza). International Scientific Research Congress Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of Baku Eurasia University, Proceedings Book, 305–316. ISBN-978-625-7464-88-8
Arslan Günal, S. (2023). Wolffia arrhiza (lemnaceae) kullanarak belediye atık sularından nütrient elementlerin uzaklaştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/3941
Arya, A.K., Durgapal, M., Bachheti, A., Joshi, K.K., Gonfa, Y.H., Bachheti, R.K., Husen, A. (2022). Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and other potential application of aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4931556
Asadollah-Pour, F., Jokar, A., Nasiri, E., Azadbakht, M., Bari, Z., Ahmadi, A. (2021). A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Mentha aquatica L. (water mint) as a wild shallow vegetable. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 27(22), 2615-2627. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210219154751
Babu, R.H., Savithramma, D.N. (2014). Screening of secondary metabolites of underutilized species of Cyperaceae. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 24(2), 182-187.
Bahramikia, S., Yazdanparast, R. (2008). Effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale leaves on lipid profile in high-fat diet rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115(1), 116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.015
Bakır, Ö. (2020). Sekonder metabolitler ve rolleri. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 39-45.
Balakumbahan, R., Rajamani, K., Kumanan, K. (2010). Acorus calamus: An overview. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(25), 2740-2745.
Balch JF, Balch PA (2000). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. Penguin Putnam Inc., New York, pp: 267-270.
Bhusal, C., Dhakal, S., Kunwar, P., Gautam, A., Pradhan, N. (2021). Documentation of wetland flora and their ethnobotanical uses in Rupa Lake and Adjoining Areas in Kaski District, Central Nepal. In The National Workshop on Livestock and Fisheries Research in Nepal, Vol. 3, p. 307.
Boligon, A.A., Janovik, V., Boligon, A.A., Pivetta, C.R., Pereira, R.P., Rocha, J.B.T.D., Athayde, M.L. (2013). HPLC analysis of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Nasturtium officinale. International Journal of Food Properties, 16(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.528111
Bolotova, Y.V. (2015). Aquatic plants of the Far East of Russia: a review on their use in medicine, pharmacological activity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 14(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21554
Butt, M.A., Zafar, M., Ahmed, M., Shaheen, S., Sultana, S. (2021). Wetland Plants: A Source of Nutrition and Ethno-medicines. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69258-2
Cambell, M.M., Sederoff, R.R. (1996). Variation in lignin content and composition (mechanisms of control and implications for the genetic improvement of plants). Plant Physiology, 110(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.1.3
Chai, T.T., Ooh, K.F., Quah, Y., Wong, F.C. (2015). Edible freshwater macrophytes: a source of anticancer and antioxidative natural products—a mini-review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14, 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9399-z
Chakraborty, R., Mondal, M.S., Mukherjee, S.K. (2016). Ethnobotanical information on some aquatic plants of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Plant Science Today, 3(2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.2.224
Channa, U., Ghanghro, A.B., Channa, M.J., Ghanghro, I.H. (2019). Phytochemical and biochemical analysis, assessment of metals, anti-oxidant contents and antimicrobial activity of Typha latifolia. Rawal Medical Journal, 44(2), 402-402.
Chen, K.M., Gong, H.J., Chen, G.C., Wang, S.M., Zhang, C. L. (2003). Up-regulation of glutathione metabolism and changes in redox status involved in adaptation of reed (Phragmites communis) ecotypes to drought-prone and saline habitats. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(3), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00927
Chen, P., Cao, Y., Bao, B., Zhang, L., Ding, A. (2017). Antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia extracts and two active flavonoids. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1283-1288. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1300818
Chen, S., Ju, M., Luo, Y., Chen, Z., Zhao, C., Zhou, Y., Fu, J. (2013). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from the rhizome of Phragmites australis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 68(11-12), 439-444. https://doi.org/10.5560/ZNC.2013.68c0439
Cho, H.R., Choi, H.S. (2003). Effects of anticoagulant from Spirodela polyrhiza in rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 67(4), 881-883. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.881
Conforti, F., Sosa, S., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G.A., Uzunov, D., Della Loggia, R. (2008). In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116(1), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.015
Cudalbeanu, M., Furdui, B., Cârâc, G., Barbu, V., Iancu, A.V., Marques, F., Dinica, R.M. (2019). Antifungal, antitumoral and antioxidant potential of the danube delta Nymphaea alba extracts. Antibiotics, 9(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010007
Cudalbeanu, M., Ghinea, I.O., Furdui, B., Dah-Nouvlessounon, D., Raclea, R., Costache, T., Dinica, R.M. (2018). Exploring new antioxidant and mineral compounds from Nymphaea alba wild-grown in danube delta biosphere. Molecules, 23(6), 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061247
D'abrosca, B., Dellagreca, M., Fiorentino, A., Isidori, M., Monaco, P., Pacifico, S. (2006). Chemical constituents of the aquatic plant Schoenoplectus lacustris: evaluation of phytotoxic effects on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9354-y
Das, A. J., Kumar, R., Athar, M., Rawat, D.S., Kumar, M., Khan, M. A., Prakash, J. (2013). Ethno medicinal study of threatened plants of Sonitpur district in Assam, North East India. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04741
De Beer, J.J., Van Wyk, B.E. (2011). An ethnobotanical survey of the Agter–Hantam, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 77(3), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.013
Deka, U., Dutta, T., Talukdar, S. (2019). Aquatic/semi-aquatic macrophytes used in herbal remedies from the wetlands of western Assam, north-east India. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 12(8).
Demircan, N., Öz, I., Stephenson, R., Karahan, F. (2006). Ekoturizm ve botanik turizmi: Türkiye’nin sukkulent bitki çeşitliliğinin turizm potansiyeli. GAP V. Mühendislik Kongresi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, 26-28 Nisan 2006, cilt 2, 1594-1601.
Dhir, B., Srivastava, S. (2011). Heavy metal removal from a multi-metal solution and wastewater by Salvinia natans. Ecological Engineering, 37(6), 893-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.01.007
Dini, M., Babakhanlou, P. (2003). The checklist of useful plants. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 16(1), 41-99.
Dochev, G., Zhalnov, I. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of Ranunculus arvensis L. and Ranunculus repens L. (Ranunculaceae Juss). Agraren Universitet Plovdiv-Nauchni Trudove/Scientific Works of the Agrarian University-Plovdiv, 59(2), 191-198.
DSİ, (2009). Su Yabancıotları, Yayılış Alanları, Yaşamları, Çevresel İlişkileri, Sorunları ve Savaşım Yöntemleri. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, İşletme ve Bakım Dairesi Başkanlığı, DSİ İdari ve Mali İşler Dairesi Başkanlığı Basım ve Foto-Film Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
Du, Y., Wang, R., Feng, J., Zhang, H., Liu, J. (2014). Screening anti-tumor constituents from Potamogeton crispus for potential utilisation of constructed wetland plant resources. In Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 114(2), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2014.19
Du, Z.Y., Wang, Q.F. (2016). Allopatric divergence of Stuckenia filiformis (Potamogetonaceae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its comparative phylogeography with S. pectinata in China. Scientific Reports, 6:20883. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20883
Duke, J.A. (2002). Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040463
Erbay, M.Ş., Anıl, S., Melikoğlu, G. (2018). Plants used as painkiller in folk medicine in Turkey–III: Rheumatic pain. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 22(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.50
Ertürk, Ö., Taş, B., Şen, Ş. (2019). Su çiçeğinin (Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss. & Blanche) antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitesinin incelenmesi. 3. Uluslararası UNİDOKAP Karadeniz Sempozyumu, “Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve Çevre”, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Sempozyum Kitabı, 411-418. ISBN 978-605-80568-0-0
Ertürk, Ö., Taş. B., Şahin, H. (2020). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Eurasian water-milfoil collected from lentic and lotic water body in Central Black Sea Region, Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1), 12-19.
Fato, R., Estornell, E., Di Bernardo, S., Pallotti, F., Castelli, GP., Lenaz, G. (1996). Steady-state kinetics of the reduction of coenzyme Q analogs by complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in bovine heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Biochemistry, 35, 2705-2715. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi9516034
Fois, M., Cuena‐Lombraña, A., Bacchetta, G. (2021). Knowledge gaps and challenges for conservation of Mediterranean wetlands: Evidence from a comprehensive inventory and literature analysis for Sardinia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(9), 2621-2631. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3659
Fu, C., Dong, H., Wang, X., Wang, H., Zheng, Y., Ren, D., Wang, Q. (2023). Antioxidant effects of rhodoxanthin from Potamogeton crispus L. on H2O2‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages cells. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20, e20220039. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200393
Fujita, T., Sezik, E., Tabata, M., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y. (1995). Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk medicine in middle and west Black Sea regions. Economic Botany, 49(4), 406-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02863092
Gang, W., Dan, Y., Manghui, T., Shenglin, X., Yunxiao, C., Hui, K. (1999). Growth and Population Ecology of Ranuculus sceleratus in Donghu Lake, Wuhan. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23(3), 211-216.
Gupta, A., Singh, A.K., Kumar, R., Ganguly, R., Rana, H. K., Pandey, P.K., Pandey, A.K. (2019). Corilagin in cancer: a critical evaluation of anticancer activities and molecular mechanisms. Molecules, 24(18), 3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183399
Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I., Çimen, A.Ö. (edlr). (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası, Cilt 2. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr.). (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
Hamel, T., Zaafour, M., Boumendjel, M. (2018). Ethnomedical knowledge and traditional uses of aromatic and medicinal plants of the wetlands complex of the Guerbes-Sanhadja Plain (Wilaya of Skikda in Northeastern Algeria). Herbal Medicine: Open Access, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.21767/2472-0151.100035
Harikrishnan, K.N., Hariharan, M. (1999). In vitro clonal propagation of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.)-A medicinal plant. In Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology: Emerging Trends. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Hyderabad, India, pp. 220-222.
Harput-Hudaverdi, U.S., Oztunca, F.H., Saracoglu, I. (2008). Comparative phytochemical and biological studies on Veronica cuneifolia subsp. cuneifolia and V. cymbalaria. Planta Medica, 74(09), PC88. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1084606
Huang, Y. S., Yu, Q.Q., Chen, Y., Cheng, M.J., Xie, L.P. (2017). Phenolic constituents from Alisma plantago-aquatica Linnaeus and their anti-chronic prostatitis activity. Chemistry Central Journal, 11(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0350-9
Hussain, I., Khattak, M.U.R., Muhammad, Z., Khan, N., Khan, F.A., Ullah, Z., Haider, S. (2011). Phytochemicals screening and antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyberpakhtunkhwa Pakistan. African Journal of. Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(6), 746–750. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.175
Hussain, K., Nisar, M.F., Majeed, A., Nawaz, K., Bhatti, K.H. (2010). Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of Jalalpur Jattan, district Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2010(7), 11.
Ikram, S., Bhatti, K.H., Parvaiz, M. (2014). Ethnobotanical studies of aquatic plants of district Sialkot, Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2(1), 58-63.
Ilgar, R. (2021). Çanakkale İlinin Sulak Alanları. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 613-629. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.937951
Iqbal, J., Abbasi, B.A., Batool, R., Mahmood, T., Ali, B., Khalil, A.T., Ahmad, R. (2018). Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: nature’s healing touch. European Journal of Pharmacology, 827, 125-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007
Jamshaid, M., Rashid, U., Butt, Z.A., Munazir, M., Qureshi, R. (2022). Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of Elymus repens, Typha angustifolia and Caralluma edulis. Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy, 6(01), 081-088. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2022.6.1.0073
Jeon, J., Bong, S.J., Park, J.S., Park, Y.K., Arasu, M.V., Al-Dhabi, N.A., Park, S.U. (2017). De novo transcriptome analysis and glucosinolate profiling in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). BMC Genomics, 18, 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5
Kar, D., Ghosh, P., Suresh, P., Chandra, S., Paul, D. (2022). Review on Phyto-chemistry & pharmacological activity of Melia azedarach. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 28, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2022.v28.006
Karahan, F., Yılmaz, H. (2001). Determination of some alpine plants suitable for landscape planning in Erzurum and surroundings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25(4), 225-233.
Karahan, F., Öz, I., Demircan, N., Stephenson, R. (2006). Succulent plant diversity in Turkey I. Stonecrops (Crassulaceae). Haseltonia, 2006(12), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.2985/1070-0048(2006)12[41:SPDITI]2.0.CO;2
Karataş, İ., Karataş, R., Elmastaş, M. (2019). Yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin sıcak su infüzyonlarının sekonder metabolit içeriği ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 49-57.
Keskinkan, O., Goksu, M.Z.L., Basibuyuk, M., Forster, C.F. (2004). Heavy metal adsorption properties of a submerged aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum demersum). Bioresource Technology, 92(2),197-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.07.011
Khare, C.P. (2004). Indian herbal remedies: rational Western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, Botany. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 140-141.
Kim, J., Lee, I., Seo, J., Jung, M., Kim, Y., Yim, N., Bae, K. (2010). Vitexin, orientin and other flavonoids from Spirodela polyrhiza inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells. Phytotherapy Research, 24(10), 1543-1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3186
Kircher, H.W., Lıeberman, F.V. (1967). Toxicity of tobacco smoke to the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton). Nature, 215, 97-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/215097a0
Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M., Szopa, A., Ekiert, H. (2018). Chemical composition, traditional and professional use in medicine, application in environmental protection, position in food and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies of Nasturtium officinale (watercress)–a review. Fitoterapia, 129, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.031
Koirala, U., Jha, S. (2011). Macrophytes of the lowland wetlands in Morang district, Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Biosciences, 1, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7480
Kumar, K.S., Kumar, D.S., Teja, V.A., Venkateswarlu, V., Kumar, M.S., Nadendla, R.R. (2013). A review on Typha angustata. International Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4, 277–281.
Kumar, S.S., Akram, A.S., Ahmed, T.F., Jaabir, M.M. (2010). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 26(1), 223-227.
Küpeli, E., Harput, U. S., Varel, M., Yesilada, E., Saracoglu, I. (2005). Bioassay-guided isolation of iridoid glucosides with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(2), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.042
Li, Q., Qu, H. (2012). Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis rhizoma. Fitoterapia. 83(6), 1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.009
Li, F., Zhuo, J., Liu, B., Jarvis, D., Long, C. (2015). Ethnobotanical study on wild plants used by Lhoba people in Milin County, Tibet. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0009-3
Lind, L., Eckstein, R.L., Relyea, R.A. (2022). Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems. Biological Reviews, 97(4), 1677-1690. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12858
Londonkar, R.L., Kattegouga, U.M., Shivsharanappa, K., Hanchinalmath, J.V. (2013). Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Typha angustifolia Linn leaves extract against pathogenic gram negative micro organisms. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 6(2), 280-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.02.010
Luo, F., Li, N., Cao, G. D. (2009). Isolation and identification of liposoluble components from the Rhizoma phragmitis. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 26, 441-443.
Lupoae, P., Cristea, V., Borda, D., Lupoae, M., Gurau, G., Dinica, R. M. (2015). Phytochemical screening: Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Potamogeton species in order to obtain valuable feed additives. Journal of Oleo Science, 64(10), 1111-1123. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess15023
Mantle, D., Eddeb, F., Pickering, A. T. (2000). Comparison of relative antioxidant activities of British medicinal plant species in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72(1-2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00199-9
Mei, H., Zuo, S., Ye, L., Wang, J., Ma, S. (2012). Review of the application of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Ranunculus sceleratus Linn. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(10), 1821-1826. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1726
Miller, A.L. (1996). Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function and clinical usage. Alternative Medicine Review, 1, 103–111.
Mulas, M. (2006). Traditional uses of Labiatae in the Mediterranean area. In: I International Symposium on the Labiatae: Advances in Production, Biotechnology and Utilisation, 723, pp: 25–32. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.723.1
Mungole, A.J., Awati, R., Chaturvedi, A., Zanwar, P. (2010). Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Ipomoea obscura (L)-A hepatoprotective medicinal plant. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2(4), 2307-2312.
Nagengast, B., Gąbka, M. (2017). Apparent niche partitioning of two congeneric submerged macrophytes in small water bodies: The case of Ceratophyllum demersum L. and C. submersum L. Aquatic Botany, 137, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.11.001
Nam, J.H., Jung, H.W., Chin, Y.W., Yang, W.M., Bae, H.S., Kim, W.K. (2017). Spirodela polyrhiza extract modulates the activation of atopic dermatitis-related ion channels, Orai1 and TRPV3, and inhibits mast cell degranulation. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1324-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1300819
Narakornwit, W., Charoenteeraboon, J. (2022). Determination of Antimicrobial Activity from Various Plant Parts of Typha angustifolia Using Agar Disc Diffusion and Bioautography. Key Engineering Materials, 914, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6q5lz7
Narasimhulu, M., Ashalatha, K., Laxmi, P.S., Sarma, A. V.S., Rao, B.R., Kishor, P.K., Venkateswarlu, Y. (2010). An unusual novel anti-oxidant dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans. Natural Product Research, 24(15), 1390-1394. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802469488
Nazari, M., Zarinkamar, F., Soltani, B.M., Niknam, V. (2018). Manganese-induced changes in glandular trichomes density and essential oils production of Mentha aquatica L. at different growth stages. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 50, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.005
Nazir, S., Qureshi, M.A., Chat, O.A. (2015). Anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potential of Nymphaea alba and Nymphaea mexicana flowers–a comparative study. Advances in Biomedicine and Pharmacy, 2(4), 196-204.
Novello, C.R., Marques, L.C., Pires, M.E., Kutschenco, A.P., Nakamura, C. V., Nocchi, S., Mello, J.C. (2016). Bioactive indole alkaloids from Croton echioides. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 27, 2203-2209. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160112
Pham, H. G., Ha, M.T., Cao, T.Q., Vu, N.K., Le, T.T., Min, B.S. (2022). Chemical constituents from Salvinia natans (L.) All. (Salviniaceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 10, 104410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104410
Prieto, J.M., Recio, M.C., Giner, R.M., Máñez, S., Rı́os, J.L. (2003). Pharmacological approach to the pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of Ranunculus sceleratus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(1), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00271-X
Qian, J., Lu, B., Chen, H., Wang, P., Wang, C., Li, K., Chen, H. (2019). Phytotoxicity and oxidative stress of perfluorooctanesulfonate to two riparian plants: Acorus calamus and Phragmites communis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 180, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.078
Raha, S., Mukherjee, P., Saha, A., Sanyal, T. (2022). Aquatic Macrophytes: An Untold and Valuable Panoramic Resource of Ethnomedicine. In: The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2022.e01.004
Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J.K., Mortimer, A.M. (2007). Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy, 93, 153–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(06)93004-1
Ren, D., Zhang, S. (2008). Separation and identification of the yellow carotenoids in Potamogeton crispus L. Food Chemistry, 106(1), 410-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.074
Salehi, B., Shivaprasad Shetty, M.V., Anil Kumar, N., Živković, J., Calina, D., Oana Docea, A., Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Veronica plants—Drifting from farm to traditional healing, food application, and phytopharmacology. Molecules, 24(13), 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132454
Sato, R., Helzlsouer, K.J., Alberg, A.J., Hoffman, S.C., Norkus, E.P., Comstock, G.W. (2002). Prospective study of carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoid concentrations and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 11(5), 451-457.
Seçmen, Ö., Leblebici, E. (2008). Türkiye Sulak Alan Bitkileri ve Bitki Örtüsü (2. Baskı). Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları Fen Fakültesi Yayın No:158, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova- İzmir.
Seethapathy, G.S., Balasubramani, S.P., Venkatasubramanian, P. (2014). nrDNA ITS sequence based SCAR marker to authenticate Aconitum heterophyllum and Cyperus rotundus in Ayurvedic raw drug source and prepared herbal products. Food Chemistry, 145, 1015-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.027.
Seo, C.S., Lee, M. Y., Shin, I.S., Lee, J.A., Ha, H., Shin, H.K. (2012). Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Sch. ethanolic extract inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264. 7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 34(5), 794-802. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2012.656273
Shahani, S., Behzadfar, F., Jahani, D., Ghasemi, M., Shaki, F. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Nasturtium officinale involved in attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 27(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2016.1258748
Sharifi-Rad, J., Tayeboon, G.S., Niknam, F., Sharifi-Rad, M., Mohajeri, M., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, M. (2018). Veronica persica Poir. extract–antibacterial, antifungal and scolicidal activities, and inhibitory potential on acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(8), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.8
Sharma, J., Clark, W.D., Shrivastav, A.K., Goswami, R. K., Tocher, D.R., Chakrabarti, R. (2019). Production potential of greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (L. Schleiden) and its biochemical composition evaluation. Aquaculture, 513, 734419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734419
Shendye, N.V., Gurav, S.S. (2014). Cynodon dactylon: A systemic review of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(8), 7-12.
Shinwari, Z.K., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, I., Amin, W., Wahab, A., Khan, M.I. (2019). Biochemical screening of crude extract and its derived fractions obtained from Calligonum polygonoieds and Typha latifolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(3), 1107-1111. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2019-3(14)
Sidhu, M.C., Puri, S., Ahluwalia, A.S. (2018). New Distributional Record of Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Borner in Union Territory of Chandigarh, India. Journal on New Biological Reports, 7(1) 10– 14.
Singh, A., Singh, M.K., Singh, D.K., Singh, R. (2013). Ethnomedicinal studies on wetland plant diversity of district Buxar (Bihar, India). Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 1, 18-20.
Sivapalan, S.R. (2013). Medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn-A Review. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-8.
Soumaya, K.J., Dhekra, M., Fadwa, C., Zied, G., Ilef, L., Kamel, G., Leila, C.G. (2013). Pharmacological, antioxidant, genotoxic studies and modulation of rat splenocyte functions by Cyperus rotundus extracts. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-28
Srilaxmi, P., Sareddy, G.R., Kishor, P.B.K., Setty, O.H., Babu, P.P. (2010). Protective efficacy of natansnin, a dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. BMC Pharmacology, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-10-13
Su, B.N., Zhu, Q.X., Jia, Z.J. (1999). Aquaticol, a novel bis-sesquiterpene from Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Tetrahedron Letters, 40(2), 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02303-X
Syed, I., Fatima, H., Mohammed, A., Siddiqui, M.A. (2018). Ceratophyllum demersum a free-floating aquatic plant: A Review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 6(02), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.6.2.3
Şahin, H. (2020). Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki sulak alanlardan toplanan serbest yüzen yapraklı makrofitlerin biyolojik özelliklerinin ve antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/131
Şen, Ş. (2021). Bazı hidrofitlerin fotosentetik pigment içerikleri, biyoaktif bileşenleri ve in vitro antioksidan özellikleri (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/50
Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2021). Assessment of aquatic plants in the Miliç Coastal Wetland (Terme, Samsun, Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 14(1−2), 1−23.
Taş, B., Ertürk, Ö., Yonat, H., Topaldemir, H. (2019). Son yıllarda Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki sulak alanlarda istilacı bir su bitkisi: “yeşil altın madeni” kızıl eğrelti (Azolla filiculoides Lam.). 3. Uluslararası ÜNİDOKAP Karadeniz Sempozyumu, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Tokat, Sempozyum Kitabı, 424−436.
Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2022). Effect of different led lights on the element content of rootless duckweed. In 7th Asia Pacific International Modern Sciences Congress, November 4-5, 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia, pp. 163-173.
Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2023). Farklı LED ışıklar altında yetiştirilen köksüz su mercimeğinin (Wolffia arrhiza) Dumas yöntemi kullanılarak ham protein içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Aquatic Research, 6(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR23019
Tayjanov, K., Khojimatov, O., Gafforov, Y., Makhkamov, T., Normakhamatov, N., Bussmann, R.W. (2021). Plants and fungi in the ethnomedicine of the medieval East-a review. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.22.46.1-20
Teixidor-Toneu, I., Martin, G.J., Ouhammou, A., Puri, R.K., Hawkins, J.A. (2016). An ethnomedicinal survey of a Tashelhit-speaking community in the High Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009
Topaldemir, H., Taş, B. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin sulak alan ekosistemleri üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşilırmak deltasında sığ sulak alanlarda bir inceleme. International Conference on Chemical and Biological Sciences, 20-21 2022, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Nigeria, pp. 89-98.
Topaldemir, H., Taş, B., Yüksel, B., Ustaoğlu, F. (2023). Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: An ecotoxicological risk assessment in Miliç Wetland, Samsun, Türkiye. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 26397–26416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23937-2
Thu, P.T.L., Huong, P.T., Tien, V.V., Ham, L., Khanh, T. (2015). Regeneration and transformation of gene encoding the hemagglutinin antigen of the H5N1 virus in frond of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L.). Journal of Agricultural Studies, 3(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i1.6867
Tian, T., Chen, H., Zhao, Y.Y. (2014). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 158, 373-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.061
Tiring, G., Satar, S., Özkaya, O. (2021). Sekonder Metabolitler. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 35(1), 203-215.
Topcu, Ş., Çölgeçen, H. (2015). Bitki sekonder metabolitlerinin biyoreaktörlerde üretilmesi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 8(2), 9-29.
Toyama, T., Sei, K., Yu, N., Kumada, H., Inoue, D., Hoang, H., Ike, M. (2009). Enrichment of bacteria possessing catechol dioxygenase genes in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza: a mechanism of accelerated biodegradation of phenol. Water Research, 43(15), 3765-3776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.045
TS EN 14184. (2014). Water quality – Guidance for the surveying of aquatic macrophytes in running waters. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Turgut, H., Yılmaz, S. (2020). Identification and mapping of wetland plants in Erzurum. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 35(2), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.729679
TÜBİVES. (2023). Turkish Plants Data Service (TÜBİVES), Version 2.0 BETA. http://194.27.225.161/yasin/tubives/index.php (Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2023).
Ullah, S., Amen, Y., Shimizu, K. (2023). Phytochemical, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological profile of Juncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai (common rush). Natural Product Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2023.2223749
Ustaoğlu, F., Kükrer, S., Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2022). Evaluation of metal accumulation in Terme River sediments using ecological indices and a bioindicator species. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(31), 47399-47415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19224-9
Vaidyaratnam, P.S. (1997). Indian medicinal plants: Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras, 2, 56.
Varpe, S.S., Juvekar, A.R., Bidikar, M.P., Juvekar, P.R. (2012). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Typha angustifolia pollen grains extracts in experimental animals. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 44(6), 788.
Verma, A.B. (2017). Folk medicinal uses of wetland macrophytes in Darbhanga district of North Bihar. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 4(4), 202-204.
Verma, S., Nakin, M.D., Makhosayafana, Z., Lall, N. (2023). The role of aquatic plants in natural products and drug discovery. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 20(4), 386-407. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570180819666220701103553
Wangila, T.P. (2017). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of Cyperus rotundus and Typha latifolia reeds plants from Lugari region of Western Kenya. Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, 3, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-2698.1000128
Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology: lake and river ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego.
Wong, J.L., Thornber, K., Baker, N. (2001). Evaluation des Ressources en Produits foRestiers non Ligneux: Expériences et Principes de Biométrie. Produits Forestiers Non-Ligneux 13. FAO, Rome, Italie, p. 117. https://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1457f/y1457f00.htm
Xu, X.F., Yang, H., Yang, L. Z. (2004). The applying potential of purifying sewage with Ranunculus sceleratus L. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 13(2), 17-20.
Xue, B.X., He, R.S., Lai, J.X., Mireku-Gyimah, N.A., Zhang, L.H., Wu, H.H. (2023). Phytochemistry, data mining, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae): a comprehensive review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09870-3
Yadav, C., Lomas, M. K., Kumar, A., Narayan, R. (2022). Ecological ımportance and economic uses of selected native and ınvasive alien grasses across five diverse anthropo-ecosystems in the ındian dry tropics. Annals of Plant Sciences, 11(7), 5252-5269.
Yalçınkaya, E., Özgüç, S., Törer, Y.O., Zeybek, U. (2019). The importance of the medicinal plant Nasturtium officinale L. in the anticancer activity research. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 3(2), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.016
Yao, Y., Zhang, M., Tian, Y., Zhao, M., Zhang, B., Zhao, M., Yin, B. (2017). Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as green manure for increasing yield and reducing nitrogen loss in rice production. Field Crops Research, 214, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021
Yehuda, H., Soroka, Y., Zlotkin-Frušić, M., Gilhar, A., Milner, Y., Tamir, S. (2012). Isothiocyanates inhibit psoriasis-related proinflammatory factors in human skin. Inflammation Research, 61, 735-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0465-3
Yılmaz, H., Karahan, F. (1999). Alpin bitkilerin korunması ve yararlanma olanakları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 95-103.
Yılmaz, Ö., Taş, B. (2021). Feasibility and assessment of the phytoremediation potential of green microalga and duckweed for zeta-cypermethrin removal. Desalination and Water Treatment, 209, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26484
Zafar, R., Zahoor, M., Shah, A.B., Majid, F. (2017). Determination of antioxidants and antibacterial activities, total phenolic, polyphenol and pigment contents in Nasturtium officinale. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 11-18.
Zeb, A. (2015). Phenolic profile and antioxidant potential of wild watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.). SpringerPlus, 4, 714. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1514-5

Common macrophytes with potential for ethnobotany and medicinal in the Terme wetlands of the Yeşilırmak Delta

Year 2024, , 51 - 73, 02.04.2024

Halim Topaldemir , Beyhan Taş

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

Abstract

The current research aimed to document the ethnobotany and medical important aquatic/semi-aquatic macrophytes common in the Terme wetlands in the Yeşilırmak Delta in northern Türkiye. To determine the ethno-medical potential of aquatic plants, the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local people was not used, and scientific studies on the subject were evaluated. There are rich lentic and lotic systems with different features, depths and sizes in the Yeşilırmak Delta. Macrophytes, used in the treatment of various ailments and whose bioactive properties are mentioned in the literature, were collected and identified through field research lasting five years (2017-2022). In the examinations, it was determined that Terme wetlands are very rich in terms of macrophyte diversity. A total of 22 water plant species with ethno-medicinal characteristics, belonging to 18 genera and 14 families, were documented from Terme wetlands. Plants consist of emerged, submersed, floating, and free-floating leaf species in aquatic/semi-aquatic habitats. It has been determined that some macrophytes (Azolla filiculoides Lam., Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm., Salvinia natans (L.) All., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss & Blanche, R. trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.) overgrow in different seasons. Literature research shows that existing aquatic plants are rich in bioactive compounds, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc. In addition to its effects, it has also been shown that it has the potential to be used in different areas of industry. Study findings show that Yeşilırmak Delta has significant potential in ethnobotanical aquatic plant richness. Aquatic plants have been ignored as medicinal plants in Türkiye. However, research shows that these plants, common in wetlands, have high potential for natural, commercial and pharmacological use. Determining the aquatic plant diversity and potential of wetlands can support ethnobotanical research. Macrophytes rich in edible and bioactive components can contribute to the region's economic, ecological and sociocultural activities. It can also ensure the protection of wetlands, which have been under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities in recent years. Preserving wetlands, which have many functional features, is very important in terms of being least affected by global climate change, which is expected to increase its impact in the future and ensure the sustainability of natural balance and biodiversity.

Keywords

Anthropogenic Pressure, Ethnobotany, Ethnomedical, Macrophyte, Wetland Medicinal Plants

References

Abbasi, H., Kabir, H. (2018). Unani perspective and new researches of Sa’ad ku’fi (Cyperus rotundus): A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 378-381. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2059
Abu, T. (2017). A Review: Aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae): Plant profile, phytochemistry and medicinal properties. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(7), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20174667
Acharya, C., Madhu, N.R., Khan, N.S., Guha, P. (2021). Improved reproductive efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Gaertn.) on testis of male swiss mice and a pilot study of its potential values. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 10(4), 7-14.
Ahmad, I., Ibrar, M., Ali, N. (2011). Ethnobotanical study of Tehsil Kabal, Swat district, KPK, Pakistan. Journal of Botany, 2011, 368572. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/368572
Ahmad, S.Z., Khan, Z., Mirza, S.A. (2022). Assessment of ethnopharmacological potential of Cyperus difformis L. in terms of its’ phytochemistry, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer attributes. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50(4), 12918-12918. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312918
Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed, S., Salahin, M., Sultana, R., Khatun, M., Razvy, M.A.,… Hossain, M.M. (2007). Standardization of a suitable protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of Acorus calamus L. an important medicinal plant in Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 2(2), 136-140.
Ajaib, M., Haider, S.K., Zikrea, A. (2014). Ethnobotanical studies of shrubs and trees of Agra valley Parachinar, upper Kurram agency, Pakistan. FUUAST Journal of Biology, 4(1), 73–81.
Al Knani, Z.M.I., Al Ashoor, A.S., Hussein, A.N. (2023). Antioxidant activity of some Salvinia natans L. extracts and a study of their efficacy against isolated bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(1), 1954-1968.
Alaca, F., Arslan, N. (2012). Sekonder metabolitlerin bitkiler açısından önemi. Ziraat Mühendisliği, (358), 48-55.
Ali, M., Iqbal, I.M., Shabbir, A., Khan, Z.U.D., Khan, M.T.A. (2020). Ethnomedicinal studies on aquatic plants of tehsil Shakargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(1), 15-19.
Al-Maliki, G. M., Al-Khafaji, K. K., Karim, R. M. (2017). Antibacterial activity of two water plants Nymphaea alba and Salvinia natans leaves against pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 5(5), 353–355.
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2016a). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cynodon dactylon−A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(7), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06721731
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2016b). A review on Cyperus rotundus: A potential medicinal plant. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(7), 32-48. https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06723248
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2019). Lemna minor: Traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 9(8), 6-11.
Amjad, M.S., Zahoor, U., Bussmann, R.W., Altaf, M., Gardazi, S.M.H., Abbasi, A.M. (2020). Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 16, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00417-w
Amudha, P., Jayalakshmi, M., Pushpabharathi, N., Vanitha, V. (2018). Identification of bioactive components in enhalus acoroides seagrass extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Asian Journal Pharmaceutical Clinical Research, 11(10), 313-317. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.25577
Arenas, P.M., Molares, S., Aguilar Contreras, A., Doumecq, B., Gabrielli, F. (2013). Ethnobotanical, micrographic and pharmacological features of plant-based weight-loss products sold in naturist stores in Mexico City: the need for better quality control. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 27, 560-579. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000300014
Arslan Günal, S., Taş, B. (2022). Uzay çalışmalarında biyorejeneratif yaşam destek sistemleri için potansiyel bir tür: Dünyanın en küçük spermatofiti, köksüz su mercimeği (Wolffia arrhiza). International Scientific Research Congress Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of Baku Eurasia University, Proceedings Book, 305–316. ISBN-978-625-7464-88-8
Arslan Günal, S. (2023). Wolffia arrhiza (lemnaceae) kullanarak belediye atık sularından nütrient elementlerin uzaklaştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/3941
Arya, A.K., Durgapal, M., Bachheti, A., Joshi, K.K., Gonfa, Y.H., Bachheti, R.K., Husen, A. (2022). Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and other potential application of aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4931556
Asadollah-Pour, F., Jokar, A., Nasiri, E., Azadbakht, M., Bari, Z., Ahmadi, A. (2021). A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Mentha aquatica L. (water mint) as a wild shallow vegetable. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 27(22), 2615-2627. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210219154751
Babu, R.H., Savithramma, D.N. (2014). Screening of secondary metabolites of underutilized species of Cyperaceae. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 24(2), 182-187.
Bahramikia, S., Yazdanparast, R. (2008). Effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Nasturtium officinale leaves on lipid profile in high-fat diet rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115(1), 116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.015
Bakır, Ö. (2020). Sekonder metabolitler ve rolleri. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 39-45.
Balakumbahan, R., Rajamani, K., Kumanan, K. (2010). Acorus calamus: An overview. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(25), 2740-2745.
Balch JF, Balch PA (2000). Prescription for Nutritional Healing. Penguin Putnam Inc., New York, pp: 267-270.
Bhusal, C., Dhakal, S., Kunwar, P., Gautam, A., Pradhan, N. (2021). Documentation of wetland flora and their ethnobotanical uses in Rupa Lake and Adjoining Areas in Kaski District, Central Nepal. In The National Workshop on Livestock and Fisheries Research in Nepal, Vol. 3, p. 307.
Boligon, A.A., Janovik, V., Boligon, A.A., Pivetta, C.R., Pereira, R.P., Rocha, J.B.T.D., Athayde, M.L. (2013). HPLC analysis of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in Nasturtium officinale. International Journal of Food Properties, 16(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.528111
Bolotova, Y.V. (2015). Aquatic plants of the Far East of Russia: a review on their use in medicine, pharmacological activity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 14(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21554
Butt, M.A., Zafar, M., Ahmed, M., Shaheen, S., Sultana, S. (2021). Wetland Plants: A Source of Nutrition and Ethno-medicines. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69258-2
Cambell, M.M., Sederoff, R.R. (1996). Variation in lignin content and composition (mechanisms of control and implications for the genetic improvement of plants). Plant Physiology, 110(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.1.3
Chai, T.T., Ooh, K.F., Quah, Y., Wong, F.C. (2015). Edible freshwater macrophytes: a source of anticancer and antioxidative natural products—a mini-review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14, 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-015-9399-z
Chakraborty, R., Mondal, M.S., Mukherjee, S.K. (2016). Ethnobotanical information on some aquatic plants of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Plant Science Today, 3(2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2016.3.2.224
Channa, U., Ghanghro, A.B., Channa, M.J., Ghanghro, I.H. (2019). Phytochemical and biochemical analysis, assessment of metals, anti-oxidant contents and antimicrobial activity of Typha latifolia. Rawal Medical Journal, 44(2), 402-402.
Chen, K.M., Gong, H.J., Chen, G.C., Wang, S.M., Zhang, C. L. (2003). Up-regulation of glutathione metabolism and changes in redox status involved in adaptation of reed (Phragmites communis) ecotypes to drought-prone and saline habitats. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(3), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00927
Chen, P., Cao, Y., Bao, B., Zhang, L., Ding, A. (2017). Antioxidant capacity of Typha angustifolia extracts and two active flavonoids. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1283-1288. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1300818
Chen, S., Ju, M., Luo, Y., Chen, Z., Zhao, C., Zhou, Y., Fu, J. (2013). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from the rhizome of Phragmites australis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 68(11-12), 439-444. https://doi.org/10.5560/ZNC.2013.68c0439
Cho, H.R., Choi, H.S. (2003). Effects of anticoagulant from Spirodela polyrhiza in rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 67(4), 881-883. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.881
Conforti, F., Sosa, S., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G.A., Uzunov, D., Della Loggia, R. (2008). In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116(1), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.015
Cudalbeanu, M., Furdui, B., Cârâc, G., Barbu, V., Iancu, A.V., Marques, F., Dinica, R.M. (2019). Antifungal, antitumoral and antioxidant potential of the danube delta Nymphaea alba extracts. Antibiotics, 9(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010007
Cudalbeanu, M., Ghinea, I.O., Furdui, B., Dah-Nouvlessounon, D., Raclea, R., Costache, T., Dinica, R.M. (2018). Exploring new antioxidant and mineral compounds from Nymphaea alba wild-grown in danube delta biosphere. Molecules, 23(6), 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061247
D'abrosca, B., Dellagreca, M., Fiorentino, A., Isidori, M., Monaco, P., Pacifico, S. (2006). Chemical constituents of the aquatic plant Schoenoplectus lacustris: evaluation of phytotoxic effects on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9354-y
Das, A. J., Kumar, R., Athar, M., Rawat, D.S., Kumar, M., Khan, M. A., Prakash, J. (2013). Ethno medicinal study of threatened plants of Sonitpur district in Assam, North East India. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 146-149. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04741
De Beer, J.J., Van Wyk, B.E. (2011). An ethnobotanical survey of the Agter–Hantam, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 77(3), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.013
Deka, U., Dutta, T., Talukdar, S. (2019). Aquatic/semi-aquatic macrophytes used in herbal remedies from the wetlands of western Assam, north-east India. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 12(8).
Demircan, N., Öz, I., Stephenson, R., Karahan, F. (2006). Ekoturizm ve botanik turizmi: Türkiye’nin sukkulent bitki çeşitliliğinin turizm potansiyeli. GAP V. Mühendislik Kongresi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, 26-28 Nisan 2006, cilt 2, 1594-1601.
Dhir, B., Srivastava, S. (2011). Heavy metal removal from a multi-metal solution and wastewater by Salvinia natans. Ecological Engineering, 37(6), 893-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.01.007
Dini, M., Babakhanlou, P. (2003). The checklist of useful plants. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 16(1), 41-99.
Dochev, G., Zhalnov, I. (2015). Phytochemical analysis of Ranunculus arvensis L. and Ranunculus repens L. (Ranunculaceae Juss). Agraren Universitet Plovdiv-Nauchni Trudove/Scientific Works of the Agrarian University-Plovdiv, 59(2), 191-198.
DSİ, (2009). Su Yabancıotları, Yayılış Alanları, Yaşamları, Çevresel İlişkileri, Sorunları ve Savaşım Yöntemleri. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, İşletme ve Bakım Dairesi Başkanlığı, DSİ İdari ve Mali İşler Dairesi Başkanlığı Basım ve Foto-Film Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
Du, Y., Wang, R., Feng, J., Zhang, H., Liu, J. (2014). Screening anti-tumor constituents from Potamogeton crispus for potential utilisation of constructed wetland plant resources. In Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 114(2), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2014.19
Du, Z.Y., Wang, Q.F. (2016). Allopatric divergence of Stuckenia filiformis (Potamogetonaceae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its comparative phylogeography with S. pectinata in China. Scientific Reports, 6:20883. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20883
Duke, J.A. (2002). Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040463
Erbay, M.Ş., Anıl, S., Melikoğlu, G. (2018). Plants used as painkiller in folk medicine in Turkey–III: Rheumatic pain. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 22(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.50
Ertürk, Ö., Taş, B., Şen, Ş. (2019). Su çiçeğinin (Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss. & Blanche) antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitesinin incelenmesi. 3. Uluslararası UNİDOKAP Karadeniz Sempozyumu, “Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve Çevre”, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Sempozyum Kitabı, 411-418. ISBN 978-605-80568-0-0
Ertürk, Ö., Taş. B., Şahin, H. (2020). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Eurasian water-milfoil collected from lentic and lotic water body in Central Black Sea Region, Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1), 12-19.
Fato, R., Estornell, E., Di Bernardo, S., Pallotti, F., Castelli, GP., Lenaz, G. (1996). Steady-state kinetics of the reduction of coenzyme Q analogs by complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in bovine heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. Biochemistry, 35, 2705-2715. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi9516034
Fois, M., Cuena‐Lombraña, A., Bacchetta, G. (2021). Knowledge gaps and challenges for conservation of Mediterranean wetlands: Evidence from a comprehensive inventory and literature analysis for Sardinia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(9), 2621-2631. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3659
Fu, C., Dong, H., Wang, X., Wang, H., Zheng, Y., Ren, D., Wang, Q. (2023). Antioxidant effects of rhodoxanthin from Potamogeton crispus L. on H2O2‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages cells. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20, e20220039. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202200393
Fujita, T., Sezik, E., Tabata, M., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takeda, Y., Takaishi, Y. (1995). Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk medicine in middle and west Black Sea regions. Economic Botany, 49(4), 406-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02863092
Gang, W., Dan, Y., Manghui, T., Shenglin, X., Yunxiao, C., Hui, K. (1999). Growth and Population Ecology of Ranuculus sceleratus in Donghu Lake, Wuhan. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23(3), 211-216.
Gupta, A., Singh, A.K., Kumar, R., Ganguly, R., Rana, H. K., Pandey, P.K., Pandey, A.K. (2019). Corilagin in cancer: a critical evaluation of anticancer activities and molecular mechanisms. Molecules, 24(18), 3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183399
Güner, A., Kandemir, A., Menemen, Y., Yıldırım, H., Aslan, S., Ekşi, G., Güner, I., Çimen, A.Ö. (edlr). (2018). Resimli Türkiye Florası, Cilt 2. ANG Vakfı Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (edlr.). (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
Hamel, T., Zaafour, M., Boumendjel, M. (2018). Ethnomedical knowledge and traditional uses of aromatic and medicinal plants of the wetlands complex of the Guerbes-Sanhadja Plain (Wilaya of Skikda in Northeastern Algeria). Herbal Medicine: Open Access, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.21767/2472-0151.100035
Harikrishnan, K.N., Hariharan, M. (1999). In vitro clonal propagation of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.)-A medicinal plant. In Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology: Emerging Trends. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at Hyderabad, India, pp. 220-222.
Harput-Hudaverdi, U.S., Oztunca, F.H., Saracoglu, I. (2008). Comparative phytochemical and biological studies on Veronica cuneifolia subsp. cuneifolia and V. cymbalaria. Planta Medica, 74(09), PC88. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1084606
Huang, Y. S., Yu, Q.Q., Chen, Y., Cheng, M.J., Xie, L.P. (2017). Phenolic constituents from Alisma plantago-aquatica Linnaeus and their anti-chronic prostatitis activity. Chemistry Central Journal, 11(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0350-9
Hussain, I., Khattak, M.U.R., Muhammad, Z., Khan, N., Khan, F.A., Ullah, Z., Haider, S. (2011). Phytochemicals screening and antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyberpakhtunkhwa Pakistan. African Journal of. Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(6), 746–750. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.175
Hussain, K., Nisar, M.F., Majeed, A., Nawaz, K., Bhatti, K.H. (2010). Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of Jalalpur Jattan, district Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2010(7), 11.
Ikram, S., Bhatti, K.H., Parvaiz, M. (2014). Ethnobotanical studies of aquatic plants of district Sialkot, Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2(1), 58-63.
Ilgar, R. (2021). Çanakkale İlinin Sulak Alanları. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 613-629. https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.937951
Iqbal, J., Abbasi, B.A., Batool, R., Mahmood, T., Ali, B., Khalil, A.T., Ahmad, R. (2018). Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: nature’s healing touch. European Journal of Pharmacology, 827, 125-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007
Jamshaid, M., Rashid, U., Butt, Z.A., Munazir, M., Qureshi, R. (2022). Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of Elymus repens, Typha angustifolia and Caralluma edulis. Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy, 6(01), 081-088. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2022.6.1.0073
Jeon, J., Bong, S.J., Park, J.S., Park, Y.K., Arasu, M.V., Al-Dhabi, N.A., Park, S.U. (2017). De novo transcriptome analysis and glucosinolate profiling in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). BMC Genomics, 18, 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5
Kar, D., Ghosh, P., Suresh, P., Chandra, S., Paul, D. (2022). Review on Phyto-chemistry & pharmacological activity of Melia azedarach. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 28, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2022.v28.006
Karahan, F., Yılmaz, H. (2001). Determination of some alpine plants suitable for landscape planning in Erzurum and surroundings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25(4), 225-233.
Karahan, F., Öz, I., Demircan, N., Stephenson, R. (2006). Succulent plant diversity in Turkey I. Stonecrops (Crassulaceae). Haseltonia, 2006(12), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.2985/1070-0048(2006)12[41:SPDITI]2.0.CO;2
Karataş, İ., Karataş, R., Elmastaş, M. (2019). Yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin sıcak su infüzyonlarının sekonder metabolit içeriği ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 49-57.
Keskinkan, O., Goksu, M.Z.L., Basibuyuk, M., Forster, C.F. (2004). Heavy metal adsorption properties of a submerged aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum demersum). Bioresource Technology, 92(2),197-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.07.011
Khare, C.P. (2004). Indian herbal remedies: rational Western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, Botany. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 140-141.
Kim, J., Lee, I., Seo, J., Jung, M., Kim, Y., Yim, N., Bae, K. (2010). Vitexin, orientin and other flavonoids from Spirodela polyrhiza inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells. Phytotherapy Research, 24(10), 1543-1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3186
Kircher, H.W., Lıeberman, F.V. (1967). Toxicity of tobacco smoke to the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton). Nature, 215, 97-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/215097a0
Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M., Szopa, A., Ekiert, H. (2018). Chemical composition, traditional and professional use in medicine, application in environmental protection, position in food and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies of Nasturtium officinale (watercress)–a review. Fitoterapia, 129, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.031
Koirala, U., Jha, S. (2011). Macrophytes of the lowland wetlands in Morang district, Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Biosciences, 1, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7480
Kumar, K.S., Kumar, D.S., Teja, V.A., Venkateswarlu, V., Kumar, M.S., Nadendla, R.R. (2013). A review on Typha angustata. International Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4, 277–281.
Kumar, S.S., Akram, A.S., Ahmed, T.F., Jaabir, M.M. (2010). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 26(1), 223-227.
Küpeli, E., Harput, U. S., Varel, M., Yesilada, E., Saracoglu, I. (2005). Bioassay-guided isolation of iridoid glucosides with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(2), 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.042
Li, Q., Qu, H. (2012). Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis rhizoma. Fitoterapia. 83(6), 1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.009
Li, F., Zhuo, J., Liu, B., Jarvis, D., Long, C. (2015). Ethnobotanical study on wild plants used by Lhoba people in Milin County, Tibet. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0009-3
Lind, L., Eckstein, R.L., Relyea, R.A. (2022). Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems. Biological Reviews, 97(4), 1677-1690. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12858
Londonkar, R.L., Kattegouga, U.M., Shivsharanappa, K., Hanchinalmath, J.V. (2013). Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Typha angustifolia Linn leaves extract against pathogenic gram negative micro organisms. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 6(2), 280-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.02.010
Luo, F., Li, N., Cao, G. D. (2009). Isolation and identification of liposoluble components from the Rhizoma phragmitis. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 26, 441-443.
Lupoae, P., Cristea, V., Borda, D., Lupoae, M., Gurau, G., Dinica, R. M. (2015). Phytochemical screening: Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Potamogeton species in order to obtain valuable feed additives. Journal of Oleo Science, 64(10), 1111-1123. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess15023
Mantle, D., Eddeb, F., Pickering, A. T. (2000). Comparison of relative antioxidant activities of British medicinal plant species in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72(1-2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00199-9
Mei, H., Zuo, S., Ye, L., Wang, J., Ma, S. (2012). Review of the application of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Ranunculus sceleratus Linn. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(10), 1821-1826. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1726
Miller, A.L. (1996). Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function and clinical usage. Alternative Medicine Review, 1, 103–111.
Mulas, M. (2006). Traditional uses of Labiatae in the Mediterranean area. In: I International Symposium on the Labiatae: Advances in Production, Biotechnology and Utilisation, 723, pp: 25–32. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.723.1
Mungole, A.J., Awati, R., Chaturvedi, A., Zanwar, P. (2010). Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Ipomoea obscura (L)-A hepatoprotective medicinal plant. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2(4), 2307-2312.
Nagengast, B., Gąbka, M. (2017). Apparent niche partitioning of two congeneric submerged macrophytes in small water bodies: The case of Ceratophyllum demersum L. and C. submersum L. Aquatic Botany, 137, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.11.001
Nam, J.H., Jung, H.W., Chin, Y.W., Yang, W.M., Bae, H.S., Kim, W.K. (2017). Spirodela polyrhiza extract modulates the activation of atopic dermatitis-related ion channels, Orai1 and TRPV3, and inhibits mast cell degranulation. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1324-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1300819
Narakornwit, W., Charoenteeraboon, J. (2022). Determination of Antimicrobial Activity from Various Plant Parts of Typha angustifolia Using Agar Disc Diffusion and Bioautography. Key Engineering Materials, 914, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6q5lz7
Narasimhulu, M., Ashalatha, K., Laxmi, P.S., Sarma, A. V.S., Rao, B.R., Kishor, P.K., Venkateswarlu, Y. (2010). An unusual novel anti-oxidant dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans. Natural Product Research, 24(15), 1390-1394. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802469488
Nazari, M., Zarinkamar, F., Soltani, B.M., Niknam, V. (2018). Manganese-induced changes in glandular trichomes density and essential oils production of Mentha aquatica L. at different growth stages. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 50, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.005
Nazir, S., Qureshi, M.A., Chat, O.A. (2015). Anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potential of Nymphaea alba and Nymphaea mexicana flowers–a comparative study. Advances in Biomedicine and Pharmacy, 2(4), 196-204.
Novello, C.R., Marques, L.C., Pires, M.E., Kutschenco, A.P., Nakamura, C. V., Nocchi, S., Mello, J.C. (2016). Bioactive indole alkaloids from Croton echioides. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 27, 2203-2209. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160112
Pham, H. G., Ha, M.T., Cao, T.Q., Vu, N.K., Le, T.T., Min, B.S. (2022). Chemical constituents from Salvinia natans (L.) All. (Salviniaceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 10, 104410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104410
Prieto, J.M., Recio, M.C., Giner, R.M., Máñez, S., Rı́os, J.L. (2003). Pharmacological approach to the pro-and anti-inflammatory effects of Ranunculus sceleratus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(1), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00271-X
Qian, J., Lu, B., Chen, H., Wang, P., Wang, C., Li, K., Chen, H. (2019). Phytotoxicity and oxidative stress of perfluorooctanesulfonate to two riparian plants: Acorus calamus and Phragmites communis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 180, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.078
Raha, S., Mukherjee, P., Saha, A., Sanyal, T. (2022). Aquatic Macrophytes: An Untold and Valuable Panoramic Resource of Ethnomedicine. In: The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2022.e01.004
Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J.K., Mortimer, A.M. (2007). Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy, 93, 153–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(06)93004-1
Ren, D., Zhang, S. (2008). Separation and identification of the yellow carotenoids in Potamogeton crispus L. Food Chemistry, 106(1), 410-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.074
Salehi, B., Shivaprasad Shetty, M.V., Anil Kumar, N., Živković, J., Calina, D., Oana Docea, A., Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Veronica plants—Drifting from farm to traditional healing, food application, and phytopharmacology. Molecules, 24(13), 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132454
Sato, R., Helzlsouer, K.J., Alberg, A.J., Hoffman, S.C., Norkus, E.P., Comstock, G.W. (2002). Prospective study of carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoid concentrations and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 11(5), 451-457.
Seçmen, Ö., Leblebici, E. (2008). Türkiye Sulak Alan Bitkileri ve Bitki Örtüsü (2. Baskı). Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları Fen Fakültesi Yayın No:158, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova- İzmir.
Seethapathy, G.S., Balasubramani, S.P., Venkatasubramanian, P. (2014). nrDNA ITS sequence based SCAR marker to authenticate Aconitum heterophyllum and Cyperus rotundus in Ayurvedic raw drug source and prepared herbal products. Food Chemistry, 145, 1015-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.027.
Seo, C.S., Lee, M. Y., Shin, I.S., Lee, J.A., Ha, H., Shin, H.K. (2012). Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Sch. ethanolic extract inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264. 7 cells. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 34(5), 794-802. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2012.656273
Shahani, S., Behzadfar, F., Jahani, D., Ghasemi, M., Shaki, F. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Nasturtium officinale involved in attenuation of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 27(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2016.1258748
Sharifi-Rad, J., Tayeboon, G.S., Niknam, F., Sharifi-Rad, M., Mohajeri, M., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, M. (2018). Veronica persica Poir. extract–antibacterial, antifungal and scolicidal activities, and inhibitory potential on acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 64(8), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.8
Sharma, J., Clark, W.D., Shrivastav, A.K., Goswami, R. K., Tocher, D.R., Chakrabarti, R. (2019). Production potential of greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (L. Schleiden) and its biochemical composition evaluation. Aquaculture, 513, 734419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734419
Shendye, N.V., Gurav, S.S. (2014). Cynodon dactylon: A systemic review of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacology. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(8), 7-12.
Shinwari, Z.K., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, I., Amin, W., Wahab, A., Khan, M.I. (2019). Biochemical screening of crude extract and its derived fractions obtained from Calligonum polygonoieds and Typha latifolia. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(3), 1107-1111. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2019-3(14)
Sidhu, M.C., Puri, S., Ahluwalia, A.S. (2018). New Distributional Record of Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Borner in Union Territory of Chandigarh, India. Journal on New Biological Reports, 7(1) 10– 14.
Singh, A., Singh, M.K., Singh, D.K., Singh, R. (2013). Ethnomedicinal studies on wetland plant diversity of district Buxar (Bihar, India). Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 1, 18-20.
Sivapalan, S.R. (2013). Medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn-A Review. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(5), 1-8.
Soumaya, K.J., Dhekra, M., Fadwa, C., Zied, G., Ilef, L., Kamel, G., Leila, C.G. (2013). Pharmacological, antioxidant, genotoxic studies and modulation of rat splenocyte functions by Cyperus rotundus extracts. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-28
Srilaxmi, P., Sareddy, G.R., Kishor, P.B.K., Setty, O.H., Babu, P.P. (2010). Protective efficacy of natansnin, a dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. BMC Pharmacology, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-10-13
Su, B.N., Zhu, Q.X., Jia, Z.J. (1999). Aquaticol, a novel bis-sesquiterpene from Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Tetrahedron Letters, 40(2), 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02303-X
Syed, I., Fatima, H., Mohammed, A., Siddiqui, M.A. (2018). Ceratophyllum demersum a free-floating aquatic plant: A Review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 6(02), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.6.2.3
Şahin, H. (2020). Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki sulak alanlardan toplanan serbest yüzen yapraklı makrofitlerin biyolojik özelliklerinin ve antimikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/131
Şen, Ş. (2021). Bazı hidrofitlerin fotosentetik pigment içerikleri, biyoaktif bileşenleri ve in vitro antioksidan özellikleri (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). http://earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11489/50
Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2021). Assessment of aquatic plants in the Miliç Coastal Wetland (Terme, Samsun, Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 14(1−2), 1−23.
Taş, B., Ertürk, Ö., Yonat, H., Topaldemir, H. (2019). Son yıllarda Yeşilırmak Deltası’ndaki sulak alanlarda istilacı bir su bitkisi: “yeşil altın madeni” kızıl eğrelti (Azolla filiculoides Lam.). 3. Uluslararası ÜNİDOKAP Karadeniz Sempozyumu, 21-23 Haziran 2019, Tokat, Sempozyum Kitabı, 424−436.
Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2022). Effect of different led lights on the element content of rootless duckweed. In 7th Asia Pacific International Modern Sciences Congress, November 4-5, 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia, pp. 163-173.
Taş, B., Şengüllendi, F.T. (2023). Farklı LED ışıklar altında yetiştirilen köksüz su mercimeğinin (Wolffia arrhiza) Dumas yöntemi kullanılarak ham protein içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Aquatic Research, 6(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR23019
Tayjanov, K., Khojimatov, O., Gafforov, Y., Makhkamov, T., Normakhamatov, N., Bussmann, R.W. (2021). Plants and fungi in the ethnomedicine of the medieval East-a review. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.22.46.1-20
Teixidor-Toneu, I., Martin, G.J., Ouhammou, A., Puri, R.K., Hawkins, J.A. (2016). An ethnomedicinal survey of a Tashelhit-speaking community in the High Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009
Topaldemir, H., Taş, B. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin sulak alan ekosistemleri üzerindeki etkisi: Yeşilırmak deltasında sığ sulak alanlarda bir inceleme. International Conference on Chemical and Biological Sciences, 20-21 2022, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Nigeria, pp. 89-98.
Topaldemir, H., Taş, B., Yüksel, B., Ustaoğlu, F. (2023). Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: An ecotoxicological risk assessment in Miliç Wetland, Samsun, Türkiye. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 26397–26416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23937-2
Thu, P.T.L., Huong, P.T., Tien, V.V., Ham, L., Khanh, T. (2015). Regeneration and transformation of gene encoding the hemagglutinin antigen of the H5N1 virus in frond of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L.). Journal of Agricultural Studies, 3(1), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i1.6867
Tian, T., Chen, H., Zhao, Y.Y. (2014). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep: a review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 158, 373-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.061
Tiring, G., Satar, S., Özkaya, O. (2021). Sekonder Metabolitler. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 35(1), 203-215.
Topcu, Ş., Çölgeçen, H. (2015). Bitki sekonder metabolitlerinin biyoreaktörlerde üretilmesi. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 8(2), 9-29.
Toyama, T., Sei, K., Yu, N., Kumada, H., Inoue, D., Hoang, H., Ike, M. (2009). Enrichment of bacteria possessing catechol dioxygenase genes in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza: a mechanism of accelerated biodegradation of phenol. Water Research, 43(15), 3765-3776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.045
TS EN 14184. (2014). Water quality – Guidance for the surveying of aquatic macrophytes in running waters. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Turgut, H., Yılmaz, S. (2020). Identification and mapping of wetland plants in Erzurum. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 35(2), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.729679
TÜBİVES. (2023). Turkish Plants Data Service (TÜBİVES), Version 2.0 BETA. http://194.27.225.161/yasin/tubives/index.php (Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2023).
Ullah, S., Amen, Y., Shimizu, K. (2023). Phytochemical, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological profile of Juncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai (common rush). Natural Product Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2023.2223749
Ustaoğlu, F., Kükrer, S., Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2022). Evaluation of metal accumulation in Terme River sediments using ecological indices and a bioindicator species. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(31), 47399-47415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19224-9
Vaidyaratnam, P.S. (1997). Indian medicinal plants: Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras, 2, 56.
Varpe, S.S., Juvekar, A.R., Bidikar, M.P., Juvekar, P.R. (2012). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Typha angustifolia pollen grains extracts in experimental animals. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 44(6), 788.
Verma, A.B. (2017). Folk medicinal uses of wetland macrophytes in Darbhanga district of North Bihar. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 4(4), 202-204.
Verma, S., Nakin, M.D., Makhosayafana, Z., Lall, N. (2023). The role of aquatic plants in natural products and drug discovery. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 20(4), 386-407. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570180819666220701103553
Wangila, T.P. (2017). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of Cyperus rotundus and Typha latifolia reeds plants from Lugari region of Western Kenya. Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, 3, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-2698.1000128
Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology: lake and river ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego.
Wong, J.L., Thornber, K., Baker, N. (2001). Evaluation des Ressources en Produits foRestiers non Ligneux: Expériences et Principes de Biométrie. Produits Forestiers Non-Ligneux 13. FAO, Rome, Italie, p. 117. https://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1457f/y1457f00.htm
Xu, X.F., Yang, H., Yang, L. Z. (2004). The applying potential of purifying sewage with Ranunculus sceleratus L. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 13(2), 17-20.
Xue, B.X., He, R.S., Lai, J.X., Mireku-Gyimah, N.A., Zhang, L.H., Wu, H.H. (2023). Phytochemistry, data mining, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae): a comprehensive review. Phytochemistry Reviews, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09870-3
Yadav, C., Lomas, M. K., Kumar, A., Narayan, R. (2022). Ecological ımportance and economic uses of selected native and ınvasive alien grasses across five diverse anthropo-ecosystems in the ındian dry tropics. Annals of Plant Sciences, 11(7), 5252-5269.
Yalçınkaya, E., Özgüç, S., Törer, Y.O., Zeybek, U. (2019). The importance of the medicinal plant Nasturtium officinale L. in the anticancer activity research. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 3(2), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.016
Yao, Y., Zhang, M., Tian, Y., Zhao, M., Zhang, B., Zhao, M., Yin, B. (2017). Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as green manure for increasing yield and reducing nitrogen loss in rice production. Field Crops Research, 214, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.021
Yehuda, H., Soroka, Y., Zlotkin-Frušić, M., Gilhar, A., Milner, Y., Tamir, S. (2012). Isothiocyanates inhibit psoriasis-related proinflammatory factors in human skin. Inflammation Research, 61, 735-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-012-0465-3
Yılmaz, H., Karahan, F. (1999). Alpin bitkilerin korunması ve yararlanma olanakları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 95-103.
Yılmaz, Ö., Taş, B. (2021). Feasibility and assessment of the phytoremediation potential of green microalga and duckweed for zeta-cypermethrin removal. Desalination and Water Treatment, 209, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26484
Zafar, R., Zahoor, M., Shah, A.B., Majid, F. (2017). Determination of antioxidants and antibacterial activities, total phenolic, polyphenol and pigment contents in Nasturtium officinale. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 11-18.
Zeb, A. (2015). Phenolic profile and antioxidant potential of wild watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.). SpringerPlus, 4, 714. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1514-5

There are 166 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Botany (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Halim Topaldemir 0000-0002-4494-9715 Beyhan Taş 0000-0001-6421-2561
Early Pub Date	February 16, 2024
Publication Date	April 2, 2024
Submission Date	October 17, 2023
Acceptance Date	December 7, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2024

Cite

APA	Topaldemir, H., & Taş, B. (2024). Yeşilırmak deltası Terme sulak alanlarında etnobotanik ve tıbbi potansiyele sahip yaygın makrofitler. Aquatic Research, 7(2), 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24006

Article Files

Full Text

16291

is licensed under a CreativeCommons Attribtion-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence 14628 27040

Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Archiving Policy:

Archiving is done according to TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM "DergiPark" publication policy (LOCKSS).