Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal improves growth performance, feed utilization, amino acids profile, and economic benefits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.)

Simon Shati; Mary Opiyo; Rita Nairuti; Amon Shoko; Fridah Munyi; Erick Ogello

doi:10.3153/AR22023

Research Article

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal improves growth performance, feed utilization, amino acids profile, and economic benefits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.)

Year 2022, , 238 - 249, 01.07.2022

Simon Shati , Mary Opiyo , Rita Nairuti , Amon Shoko , Fridah Munyi , Erick Ogello

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22023

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, carcass body composition, and amino acids profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) diets containing BSFLM in varying proportions of 0% (BSFLM0), 50% (BSFLM50), and 100% (BSFLM100), were formulated to replace SBM. A commercial diet (COMM0) sourced from the local market was used as a positive control. Male sex-reversed O. niloticus juveniles of a mean weight 20.88 ±0.16 g were stocked in 12 cages each at a density of 12.5 fish m-3. Fish were hand-fed at 5% (28 days), 3% (54 days), and 2.5% (84 days) of the body weight twice a day (1000 hrs and 1600 hrs). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the final body weight, body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, and condition factor (K). The best growth performance and feed utilization was recorded in fish fed on BSFLM100. The different diets had significant effects on the body composition and amino acid profiles of the experimental fish (P<0.05). Fish fed on BSFLM100 exhibited highest values for phenylalanine, threonine, Isoleucine, lysine, proline, and glutamic acid amino acids. The partial enterprise budget analysis indicated that replacing SBM with BSFLM at 50% and 100% reduced the cost of production compared to the control diet (BSFLM0) and commercial diet (COMM0). The study demonstrated that BSFLM is a cost-effective alternative to SBM in the diets of Oreochromis niloticus hence can replace soybean meal up to 100% without negative effect on growth and carcass body composition.

Keywords

Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, Nile tilapia, Soybean meal

Supporting Institution

This work was carried out with the financial support from ICIPE through the Bioinnovate Africa program funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) grant contribution

Project Number

51050076

Thanks

We acknowledge Biobuu Kenya Ltd in Kilifi through Mr. Kigen Compton for provision of the defatted black soldier fly larvae used in this study. The Special thanks to Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) Sagana technicians; Elijah Gichana and Joel Gatagwu for technical support during sampling and sample analysis. The Mercantiles: Mr. Johnson Makori and Mr. Kiragu Mutegi are also appreciated for their assistance in daily feeding and monthly sampling of the fish. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) is acknowledged for their technical assistance in proximate analysis and amino acid profiling. Last but not least, KMFRI and Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) are acknowledged for providing permission to authors to participate in this study.

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Year 2022, , 238 - 249, 01.07.2022

Simon Shati , Mary Opiyo , Rita Nairuti , Amon Shoko , Fridah Munyi , Erick Ogello

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22023

Abstract

Project Number

51050076

References

Abdel-Warith, A.A., Younis, E.M., Al-Asgah, N.A., Mahboob, S. (2019). Effect of replacing fish meal by full fat soybean meal on growth performance, feed utilization and gastrointestinal enzymes in diets for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80, 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.214763
Abdel-Tawwab, M., Khalil, R.H., Metwally, A.A., Shakweer, M.S., Khallaf, M.A., Abdel-Latif, H.M. (2020). Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal on growth performance, organs-somatic indices, body composition, and hemato-biochemical variables of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 522, 735136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735136
Agbohessou, P.S., Mandiki, S.N., Gougbédji, A., Megido, R.C., Hossain, M.S., De Jaeger, P., Larondelle, Y., Francis, F., Lalèyè, P.A., Kestemont, P. (2021). Total replacement of fish meal by enriched‐fatty acid Hermetia illucens meal did not substantially affect growth parameters or innate immune status and improved whole body biochemical quality of Nile tilapia juveniles. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(3), 880-896. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13232
Amesa, S., Negesse, T., Teklegiorgis, Y. (2018). Replacing soya bean meal with fish offal meal and poultry litter in the diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in pond culture on their growth performance and carcass composition. Agricultural Research & Technology, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.14.555920
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA. USA, 71–72.
APHA (American Public Health Association) (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th Edition. APHA, Washington D.C. USA, 4-106 - 4-112
Arriaga-Hernández, D., Hernández, C., Martínez-Montaño, E., Ibarra-Castro, L., Lizárraga-Velázquez, E., Leyva-López, N., Chávez-Sánchez, M.C. (2021). Fish meal replacement by soybean products in aquaculture feeds for white snook, Centropomus viridis: Effect on growth, diet digestibility, and digestive capacity. Aquaculture, 530, 735823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735823
Basto, A., Matos, E., Valente, L.M. (2020). Nutritional value of different insect larvae meals as protein sources for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture, 521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735085
Bruni, L., Secci, G., Husein, Y., Faccenda, F., de Medeiros, A.C.L., Parisi, G. (2021). Is it possible to cut down fish meal and soybean meal use in aqua feed limiting the negative effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet quality and consumer acceptance? Aquaculture, 736996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736996
Chang, C.Y., Zimmermann, A., Heckelei, T. (2016). The expansion of aquaculture and its effects on global land use and sustainability, 873, 60962. http://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.244765
Cummins Jr, V.C., Rawles, S.D., Thompson, K.R., Velasquez, A., Kobayashi, Y., Hager, J., Webster, C.D. (2017). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 473, 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.022
Daliri, M. (2012). Length-weight and length-length relationships, relative condition factor and Fulton’s condition factor of five Cyprinid species in Anzali wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(1), 25-31.
Daniel, N. (2018). A review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2), 164-179.
Dee Roos, B., Sneddon, A.A., Sprague, M., Horgan, G.W., Brouwer, I.A. (2017). The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations? Public Health Nutrition, 20(11), 2042-2049. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017000696
Devic, E., Leschen, W., Murray, F., Little, D.C., 2018. Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of advanced nursing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. Aquaculture nutrition, 24(1), 416-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12573
Dietz, C., Liebert, F. (2018). Does graded substitution of soy protein concentrate by an insect meal respond on growth and N-utilization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)? Aquaculture Reports, 12, 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.09.001 El-Hack, A., Mohamed, E., Shafi, M.E., Alghamdi, W.Y., Abdelnour, S.A., Shehata, A.M., Noreldin, A.E., Ashour, E.A., Swelum, A.A., Al-Sagan, A.A., Alkhateeb, M. (2020). Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a promising feed ingredient for poultry: A comprehensive review. Agriculture, 10(8), 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080339
FAO (2020). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 206. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
Gariglio, M., Dabbou, S., Biasato, I., Capucchio, M.T., Colombino, E., Hernández, F., Madrid, J., Martínez, S., Gai, F., Caimi, C., Oddon, S.B. (2019). Nutritional effects of the dietary inclusion of partially defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal in Muscovy duck. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 10(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0344-7
Gasco, L., Biasato, I., Dabbou, S., Schiavone, A., Gai, F. (2019). Animals fed insect-based diets: State-of-the-art on digestibility, performance and product quality. Animals, 9(4), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9040170
Ghosh, K., Ray, A.K. (2017). Aquafeed formulation using plant feedstuffs: Prospective application of fish-gut microorganisms and microbial biotechnology. Academic Press, 109-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811412-4.00005-9
Godoy, A.C., Santos, O.O., Oxford, J.H., de Amorim Melo, I.W., Rodrigues, R.B., Neu, D., Nunes, R.V., Boscolo, W.R. (2019). Soybean oil for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in finishing diets: Economic, zootechnical and nutritional meat improvements. Aquaculture, 512,734324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734324
He, M., Li, X., Poolsawat, L., Guo, Z., Yao, W., Zhang, C., Leng, X. (2020). Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture Nutrition, 26(4), 1058-1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13064
Hopkins, K.D. (1992). Reporting fish growth: A review of the basics 1. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 23(3), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1992.tb00766.x
Huis, A.V., Itterbeeck, J.V., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible Insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. FAO-Forestry paper, 171.
Li, Y., Kortner, T.M., Chikwati, E.M., Belghit, I., Lock, E.J., Krogdahl, Å. (2020). Total replacement of fish meal with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal does not compromise the gut health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 520, 734967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734967
Lu, R., Chen, Y., Yu, W., Lin, M., Yang, G., Qin, C., Meng, X., Zhang, Y., Ji, H., Nie, G. (2020). Defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal can replace soybean meal in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) diets. Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100520
Luthada-Raswiswi, R., Mukaratirwa, S., O’Brien, G. (2021). Animal protein sources as a substitute for fish meal in aquaculture diets: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 3854. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093854
Malcorps, W., Kok, B., van‘t Land, M., Fritz, M., van Doren, D., Servin, K., van der Heijden, P., Palmer, R., Auchterlonie, N.A., Rietkerk, M., Santos, M.J. (2019). The sustainability conundrum of fish meal substitution by plant ingredients in shrimp feeds. Sustainability, 11(4), 1212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041212
Muin, H., Taufek, N.M., Kamarudin, M.S., Razak, S.A. (2017). Growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed with different levels of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) maggot meal diet. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 16(2), 567-577.
Musa, S., Aura, C.M., Okechi, J.K. (2021). Economic analysis of tilapia cage culture in Lake Victoria using different cage volumes. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1884632
Niyibituronsa, M., Onyango, A.N., Gaidashova, S., Imathiu, S., Uwizerwa, M., Wanjuki, I., Munga, F., Mutiga, S., Harvey, J. (2016). Evaluation of aflatoxin contamination of soybean in Rwanda. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 75(OCE3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511600269X
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There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Hydrobiology
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Simon Shati 0000-0003-0552-7728 Mary Opiyo 0000-0001-9660-5888 Rita Nairuti 0000-0001-7188-7516 Amon Shoko 0000-0002-2174-8857 Fridah Munyi 0000-0003-2513-3558 Erick Ogello 0000-0001-9250-7869
Project Number	51050076
Publication Date	July 1, 2022
Submission Date	April 26, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022

Cite

APA	Shati, S., Opiyo, M., Nairuti, R., Shoko, A., et al. (2022). Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal improves growth performance, feed utilization, amino acids profile, and economic benefits of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.). Aquatic Research, 5(3), 238-249. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22023

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