Aquatic Research
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Evaluation of spatio-temporal variations in microbial pollution indicators of a river passing through lowlands and urban areas in Northern Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 133 - 144, 12.04.2023

Beyhan TAŞ Halim TOPALDEMİR Fikret USTAOĞLU Zeynep KOLOREN

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR23014

Abstract

The degradation of watersheds due to urban development increases the vulnerability of surface waters to pollutants of anthropogenic origin. Urban streams draining near swimming waters can contribute significantly to the deterioration of water quality. In the study, the microbial quality of the Terme River was investigated seasonally by collecting samples from four different stream sites. Microbiological analyzes were performed using standard methods with membrane filtration. The colony-forming unit (CFU) method determined fecal contamination in samples. The mean number of colonies in Terme River water samples was determined as 712 CFU/100 mL, 278 CFU/100 mL, and 64 CFU/100 mL for total coliform, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens, respectively. This situation indicates that there was fecal contamination in the stream. According to the bacteriological parameters in the Water Pollution Control Regulation, Terme River was found to be of class II water quality in terms of total coliform bacteria count. The Research results determined that the Terme River is not much polluted in terms of microbiological quality but has values under the pressure of pollution. To not increase the pollution level, the direct mixing of domestic wastes/wastewater, animal wastes, and drainage channels from the settlements and agricultural areas around the river should be prevented. The public should be made aware of the necessary precautions.

Keywords

Fecal indicator bacteria, Fecal pollution, Urban River, Water quality, Terme River

References

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Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde ova ve kentsel alanlardan geçen bir akarsuyun mikrobiyal kirlilik göstergelerindeki mekânsal-zamansal değişimlerin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 133 - 144, 12.04.2023

Beyhan TAŞ Halim TOPALDEMİR Fikret USTAOĞLU Zeynep KOLOREN

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR23014

Abstract

Kentsel gelişim nedeniyle su havzalarının bozulması, yüzey sularının antropojenik kaynaklı kirleticilere karşı savunmasızlığını artırmaktadır. Yüzme sularının yakınından boşalan kentsel akarsular, su kalitesinin bozulmasına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunabilir. Araştırmada, Terme Çayı’nın dört farklı noktasından örnekler alınarak akarsuyun mikrobiyal kalitesi mevsimsel olarak araştırılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik analizler, membran filtrasyonu ile standart metotlar kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklerdeki fekal kontaminasyon koloni oluşturan birim (KOB) yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Terme Çayı su numunelerinde ortalama koloni sayısı toplam koliform, Escherichia coli ve Clostridium perfringens için sırasıyla 712 KOB/100 mL, 278 KOB/100 mL ve 64 KOB/100 mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu durum akarsuda fekal bir kontaminasyonun olduğunu göstermektedir. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği’ndeki bakteriyolojik parametrelere göre, Terme Çayı’nın toplam koliform bakteri sayısı bakımından II. Sınıf su kalitesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Terme Çayı’nın mikrobiyolojik kalite yönünden çok kirli olmayan, fakat kirlilik baskısı altında değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kirlik düzeyinin artmaması için akarsu çevresindeki yerleşim ve tarım alanlarından gelen evsel atıkların/atıksuların, hayvansal atıkların ve drenaj kanallarının doğrudan akarsuya karışması engellenmeli, gerekli önlemlerin alınması konusunda halk bilinçlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

Fekal indikatör bakteriler, Fekal kirlilik, Kentsel ırmak, Su kalitesi, Terme Çayı

References

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  • Armah, F.A. (2014). Relationship between coliform bacteria and water chemistry in groundwater within gold mining environments in Ghana. Water Quality, Exposure, and Health, 5(4), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-014-0110-1
  • Arnold, B.F., Schiff, K.C., Ercumen, A., Benjamin-Chung, J., Steele, J.A., Griffith, J.F., ..., Colford Jr, J.M. (2017). Acute illness among surfers after exposure to seawater in dry-and wet-weather conditions. American Journal of Epidemiology, 186(7), 866-875. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx019
  • Aydin, H., Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y., Soylu, E.N. (2021). Assessment of water quality of streams in northeast Turkey by water quality index and multiple statistical methods. Environmental Forensics, 22(1-2), 270-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1836074
  • Başören, Ö., Kazancı, N. (2015). The Distributional data of Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) species in Yeşilırmak River (Turkey). Transylvanian Review of Systematical & Ecological Research, 17(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0046
  • Bat, L., Öztekin, A., Şahin, F., Arıcı, E., Özsandıkçı, U. (2018). An overview of the Black Sea pollution in Turkey. Mediterranean Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1(2), 66-86.
  • Blöschl, G., Hall, J., Viglione, A., Perdigão, R.A., Parajka, J., Merz, B., ..., Živković, N. (2019). Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods. Nature, 573(7772), 108-111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1495-6
  • Boithias, L., Ribolzi, O., Lacombe, G., Thammahacksa, C., Silvera, N., Latsachack, K., Soulileuth, B., Viguier, M., …, Rochelle-Newall, E. (2021). Quantifying the effect of overland flow on Escherichia coli pulses during floods: Use of a tracer-based approach in an erosion-prone tropical catchment. Journal of Hydrology, 594, 125935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125935
  • Çiftçi Türetken, P.S., Altuğ, G. (2016). Bacterial pollution, activity and heterotrophic diversity of the northern part of the Aegean Sea, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188, 127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5109-6
  • Derx, J., Kılıç, H. S., Linke, R., Cervero-Aragó, S., Frick, C., Schijven, J., ..., Farnleitner, A. H. (2023). Probabilistic fecal pollution source profiling and microbial source tracking for an urban river catchment. Science of The Total Environment, 857, 159533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159533
  • Dindar, E. (2019). İçme suyu kaynaklarında hidrodinamik kavitasyon yöntemi ile mikrobiyal kirlilik giderimi. Toprak Su Dergisi, 8(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.544670
  • Gündoğdu, A., Çarlı, U. (2020a). Microbiological pollution and some physicochemical properties of sıkaraağaçlar creek in sinop (Black Sea-Turkey). Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 41(3), 580-593. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.672225
  • Gündoğdu, A., Çarlı, U. (2020b). Sinop Karasu Çayı fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve mikrobiyolojik kirliliğinin araştırılması. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 284-299. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.690179
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  • Hulyar, O., Altuğ, G. (2020). The bacteriological risk transported to seas by rivers; the example of Çırpıcı River, the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 7(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.704260
  • Kalkan, S., Altuğ, G. (2020). The composition of cultivable bacteria, bacterial pollution, and environmental variables of the coastal areas: An example from the Southeastern Black Sea, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, 356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08310-5
  • Karaman, U., Koloren, Z., Ayaz, E., Demirel, E., Seferoglu, O. (2017a). The Protozoa and helminths in the water of Terme and Kocaman Boroughs of Samsun Province. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 24(4), 472-476. https://doi.org/10.5455/jtomc.2017.09.124
  • Karaman, Ü., Kolören, Z., Seferoğlu, O., Ayaz, E., Demirel, E. (2017b). Samsun il ve ilçelerinden alınan çevresel sularda parazitlerin varlığı. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 41, 19-21.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Beyhan TAŞ
ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK BÖLÜMÜ
0000-0001-6421-2561
Türkiye

Halim TOPALDEMİR
ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK BÖLÜMÜ
0000-0002-4494-9715
Türkiye

Fikret USTAOĞLU
GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ
0000-0002-8195-8557
Türkiye

Zeynep KOLOREN
ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK BÖLÜMÜ
0000-0001-9708-2716
Türkiye

Supporting Institution Giresun Üniversitesi
Project Number FEN-BAP-A-150219-30
Thanks Ordu Halk Sağlığı Laboratuvarı’na, Biyolog Bülent Kaynak ve Biyolog Kasım DEMİR’e analizlerdeki destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.
Publication Date April 12, 2023
Submission Date January 13, 2023
Acceptance Date April 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Taş, B. , Topaldemir, H. , Ustaoğlu, F. & Koloren, Z. (2023). Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde ova ve kentsel alanlardan geçen bir akarsuyun mikrobiyal kirlilik göstergelerindeki mekânsal-zamansal değişimlerin değerlendirilmesi . Aquatic Research , 6 (2) , 133-144 . DOI: 10.3153/AR23014
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