İstanbul Boğazı’ndaki Deniz Kazalarının Seyir Emniyeti Perspektifinde İncelenmesi: İSTANBULMAKS Gemi Tipi Önerisi

Gizem Kodak; Gökhan Kara; Murat Yıldız; Aydın Salcı

doi:10.3153/AR22007

EN TR

Investigation of maritime accidents in the strait of Istanbul in the perspective of navigational safety: İSTANBULMAX ship type recommendation

Abstract

In this study, maritime accidents that occurred in the Strait of Istanbul over a 10-year period were evaluated in terms of ship-based risk factors. The frequency analysis was performed using the R - Studio program language. In this context, the accident data obtained from the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center were matched with the ship information accessed from Türk Loydu database. Thus, ship origin risk factors to be used within the scope of the study were determined and 10 different criteria were included in the analysis. These are ship length, ship breadth, ship draught, ship age, ship DWT, turning point, turning radius, L/B ratio, B/T ratio and number of propellers. The process of creating a data set was completed by spatially filtering the data and classifying of the ship-based causes accidents. The variables were examined with frequency analysis in the perspective of the Law of Large Numbers. With the results obtained, optimum characteristics based on ship origin risk factors have been revealed for each ship type that will pass through the Strait.

Keywords

References

Akten N., Süygen Y. (1985). Denizcinin Kılavuzu Gemicilik, Navigasyon, Meteoroloji, 3. Baskı, Doğan Ofset
Altan, Y.C. (2017). Analysis and Modeling of Maritime Traffic and Ship Collision in the Strait of Istanbul Based on Automatic Vessel Tracking System, Ph.D Thesis, Graduate Program in Civil Engineering Boğaziçi University, 2017.
Arslan, O. (2014). İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazlarından Ge-çiş Yapan Gemi Sayısının Trend Analizi İle Değerlendirilmesi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Mühendisliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi
Aşkın F., Oğuzülgen S., Tenker S. (2020). İstanbul Boğazı ve Kanal İstanbul’un Gemi Geçişleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi, Kanal İstanbul Çok Disiplinli Bilimsel Değerlendirme, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A.Ş., (Eds: Orhon D., Sözen S., Görür N., İstanbul, 2020.)
Atasoy, C. (2008). İstanbul Boğazı’nda Yeel Trafiğin İncelenmesi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Başaraner, M., Yücel, M.A., Özmen, Ç. (2011a). İstanbul Boğazı’nda transit gemilerin kullandığı seyir rotalarının coğrafi bilgi sistemi yardımıyla incelenmesi ve iyileştirilmesi. Jeodezi, Jeoinformasyon ve Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi, 104(1), 75-79. Sayı.
Başaraner, M., Yücel, M.A., Özmen, Ç. (2011b). İstanbul Boğazı’nda Transit Gemilerin Kullandığı Rotaların Barimetrik Modele Dayalı Mekansal Analizler Yardımıyla İyileştirilmesi, TMMOB Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Kongresi, Ekim 2011.
Bozkurt C. Pelit İ., Irmak E. (2018). Türkiye ve Dünyada Denizyolu Taşımacılığı, 3. Uluslararası Sosyal Beşeri ve Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, İstanbul, 17 – 18 Aralık 2018

Butt N., Johnson D., Pike K., Pryce-Roberts N., Vigar., N. (2012). 15 Years of Shipping Accidents: A review for WWF, Southampton Solent University http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/15_years_of_shipping_accidents_a_review_for_wwf_.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2020)
Candanoğlu, Z.Ö. (2013). İstanbul Boğazı’nda Uğraksız Gemi Geçişi Çizelgelemesi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Endüstri Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Charlier J., Meyer DE C., Paelinck H. (2015). Interoceanic canals and world seaborne trade: past, present and future. The Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences International Colloquium, Brussels, 7-9 June 2012, ISBN: 978-90-756-5257-4
Cultofsea, (2021): Maritime Knowledgebase, Ship Handling, Pivot Point, https://cultofsea.com/ship-handling/pivot-point/ (Erişim: 02.03.2021)
Dean, S. (2018). Collaborative Statistics, OpenStax-CNX, http://cnx.org/content/col10522/1.40/ (Erişim: 02.03.2021)
Dekking F.M., Kraaikamp C., Lopuhaa H.P., Meester L.E. (2005). A Modern Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Understanding Why and How, Springer, Netherlands ISBN: 978-1-85233-896-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-168-7_1
Denizde Çatışmayı Önleme Tüzüğü, (2017). Denizde Çatışmayı Önleme Tüzüğü (COLREGs), Seyir Hidrografi ve Oşinografi Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayınları, ISBN: 978-975-499-670-5
DNV, (2013). Det Nortske Veritas, Report Escort Tug Effectiveness in the Bosphorus Strait, Chevron Products UK LTD, REPORT NO./DNV REG NO.: 2013-9178 / 1-6YRAF0, REV 1, 2013-04-25
EEA, (2020). Accidental oil spills from marine shipping. European Environmental Agency. https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/en15-accidental-oil-spills-from/en15-accidental-oil-spills-from (Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2021)
Evants M.J., Rosenthal J.S., (2010). Probability and Statistics The Science of Uncertainty, Second Edition, Toronto http://www.utstat.toronto.edu/mikevans/jeffrosenthal/book.pdf
International Chamber of Shipping, (2020). Description of the Subject - International Chamber of Shipping (ICS). http://en.reingex.com/Chamber-Shipping.shtml#:~:text=The%20purpose%20of%20the%20Inter-national,transporting%20all%20types%20of%20cargo (Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2020)
İstanbul Liman Başkanlığı Yerel Deniz Trafiği Rehberi (2011). İstanbul Liman Başkanlığı Yerel Deniz Trafiği Rehberi. https://denizcilik.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/diger/istanbul-liman-baskanligi-yerel-deniz-trafigi-rehberi-1-5e03631ada379.doc (Erişim Tarihi: 26.04.2011).
İstikbal, C. (2020). Strait of Istanbul, major accidents and abolishment of left-hand side navigation. Aquatic Research, 3(1), 40-65. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR20005
ITOPF, (2020). Oil Tanker Spill Statistics 2020, January 2021 https://www.itopf.org/fileadmin/data/Documents/Company_Lit/Oil_Spill_Stats_publication_2020.pdf (Erişim: 01.12.2020)
Kafalı K. (1963). Gemilerin Hareket ve Manevraları, İTÜ.
Keçeci, T. (2010). Analysis of the effects of ship length factor to safe navigation in the strait of ıstanbul by using the ahp method. Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical Univer-sity, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Techno-logy, Istanbul, 2010.
KEGM, (2020). Directorate General of Coastal Safety, “Türk Boğazları Gemi Geçiş İstatistikleri,” Republic of Turkey Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, Maritime Statistics, http://www.kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/resmi_istatistikler https://atlantis.udhb.gov.tr/istatistik/gemi_gecis.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 20.04.2020)
Keçeci, (2011). A Study on Ship Accidents in the Anchorage Area of the Strait of Istanbul, 1st International Symposium on Naval Architecture and Maritime INT-NAM 2011, 24-25 October, Istanbul, Turkey
KEGM (2020). T.C. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü Türk Boğazları Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri Kullanıcı Rehberi, https://kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/Data/1/Files/Document/Documents/kb/OM/TM/OR/TBGTH%20Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1%20Rehberi.pdf (Erişim: 31.03.2021)
Kodak, G., Acarer, T. (2021). İstanbul Boğazı’nda deniz trafik düzenlemelerinin kaza oranına etkisinin değerlendirmesi, Aquatic Research, 4(2), 181-207. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21015
Küçükosmanoğlu, A. (2012). Maritime Accidents Forecast Model for Bosphorus, Ph.D Thesis.
MEGEP, (2016). T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Denizcilik, Makine ve Dümen ile Manevra, Ankara. http://www.megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program_modul/moduller/Makine%20ve%20D%C3%BCmen%20ile%20Manevra.pdf (Erişim: 20.12.2020)
MSFD (2020). Gibraltar Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Updated Assessment and Good Environmental Status for British Gibraltar Territorial Waters Final Report, September 2020, HM Government of Gibraltar - Department of the Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change and Herritage.
Odabaşı, Y. (2011). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Gemi İnşaatı ve Deniz Bilimleri Fakültesi, Gemi İnşaatı ve Gemi Makinaları Bölümü, 2010 – 2011 Güz Yarıyılı Ders Notları https://www.slideshare.net/sergiyo54/gmg-dersnotu (Erişim:30.03.2021)
Oğuzülgen, S. (2006). Istanbulmaks, Deniz Ticareti Dergisi, IMEAK DTO/ Mart 2006, İstanbul.
Oğuzülgen, S., Saygılı, M ,S., Kontaytekin, A,İ., Can,M. (2018). Türk Boğazları Seyir ve Çevre Emniyeti ve Yönetimi, s.11, İstanbul, ISBN: 978-605-81068-0-2
Özbaş, B. (2010). Risk Analysis Study of Maritime Traffic in the Strait of Istanbul, Ph.D Thesis, Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Boğaziçi University.
Özdemir, M. (2019). Türk Boğazları'nda meydana gelen gemi kazalarının konumsal analizi ve değerlendirilmesi, Ka-radeniz Üniversitesi, Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Özlem, Ş. (2011). İstanbul Boğazı Gemi Trafiğinin Simülas-yonu, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Endüstri Mühendisliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Özlem, Ş. (2018). Risk Analysis and Modeling of the Mari-time Traffic in the Strait of Istanbul, Ph.D Thesis, Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering, Boğaziçi University.
Qu ve Meng, (2012). The economic ımportance of the straits of malacca and singapore: an extreme scenario analysis. Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review, 48(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2011.08.005
Rodrigue J.P., (2017). The Geography of Transport Systems, The spatial organization of transportation and mobility, Chapter 5 – Transportation Modes, Maritime Transportation, Main Maritime Shipping Routes, 2017. https://transportgeography.org/?page_id=2067 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2020)
Rodrigue J.P., (2017). Big data versus Small Data: Container ort Traffic and Maritime Connectivity, Ad Hoc Expert Meeting on Measuring Shipping Connectivity and Performance: The Need for Statistics and Data, Geneva, May 15 2017.
Rodrigue, J.P. (2017). Maritime Transport, Major maritime shipping routes and strategic passages, The International En-cyclopedia of Geography, Richardson wbieg0155.tex V1 - 01/25/2016, Page 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0155
Sabuncu, T. (1985). Gemi Manevraları ve Kontrolü, İ.T.Ü Gemi İnşaatı ve Deniz Bilimleri Fakültesi Ofset Baskı Atölyesi, İstanbul.
Ships’ Routeing, (2010). Ships’ Routeing 2010 Edition, International Maritime Organization, London 2010, ISBN: 978-92-801-4245-7
Sukas Ö.F., Kınacı Ö.K., Bal Ş., (2017). Gemilerin Manevra Performans Tahminleri İçin Genel Bir Değerlendirme-II, GMO-SHIPMAR / Number: 210 December 2017.
Taşan, M. (2019). Türk Boğazları’ndan Gemi Geçişleri ve Geçiş Sürelerinin Analizi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Gemi Mühendisliği El Kitabı. (2011). TMMOB Gemi Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları, İstanbul.
Türk Boğazları Deniz Trafik Düzeni Yönetmeliği, (2019). Yayımlandığı Resmî Gazetenin Tarihi: 15/08/2019 Sayısı: 30859, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/21.5.1426.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2020)
Türk Boğazları Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri Kullanıcı Rehberi, (2020). Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, S.15. https://kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/Data/1/Files/Document/Documents/9S/6R/yY/wu/TSVTS_User_Guide_21.05.20.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2020)
Türk Boğazları Seyir Rehberi, (2015). Seyir Hidrografi ve Oşinografi Dairesi Başkanlığı, 34805 Çubuklu / İstanbul, 7. Baskı, Kasım 2015, ISBN: 978-975409-730-6
UNCTAD (2020). Handbook of Statistics 2020, United Nations, Geneva https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdstat45_en.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 30.03.2021)

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Maritime Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gizem Kodak ^*
0000-0002-1845-7901
Türkiye

Gökhan Kara
0000-0001-5796-8707
Türkiye

Murat Yıldız
0000-0001-7022-0760
Türkiye

Aydın Salcı
0000-0002-2040-7591
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 1, 2022

Submission Date

August 4, 2021

Acceptance Date

October 31, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 5 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22007

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA42WC72BD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kodak, G., Kara, G., Yıldız, M., & Salcı, A. (2022). İstanbul Boğazı’ndaki Deniz Kazalarının Seyir Emniyeti Perspektifinde İncelenmesi: İSTANBULMAKS Gemi Tipi Önerisi. Aquatic Research, 5(1), 63-88. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR22007

Investigation of maritime accidents in the strait of Istanbul in the perspective of navigational safety: İSTANBULMAX ship type recommendation

Abstract

Keywords