Evaluation of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) wastes and live housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as dietary protein sources in diets of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings

Cayen Sédro Alofa; Alphonse Adıte; Youssouf Abou

doi:10.3153/AR20003

EN

Evaluation of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) wastes and live housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as dietary protein sources in diets of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot as partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of Nile Tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (35%) and isocaloric (17-18 KJ.g^-1) diets were evaluated: commercial diet Skretting SK, control diet CD (30% fishmeal), and two others diets (SW and LM), corresponding to spirulina wastes and live housefly maggot inclusion respectively. Diets were hand-fed thrice daily to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation. After 12 weeks, the final weight and feed intake of fish fed diet CD and SK did not differ from those fed diets LM, but were higher than those fed SW diet (p<0.05). However, inclusion of SW had no effect on feed utilization. No significant differences were found in survival, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor among the treatments (p>0.05). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas the lipid content was lower in SW group. It was concluded that a 62.56 % fishmeal protein could be replaced by live maggot in the diet of Nile Tilapia without negative effects on growth performances and quality of fish produced.

Keywords

Spirulina wastes,Live maggots,Fishmeal,Growth,Nile tilapia

Supporting Institution

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Benin

Thanks

We are grateful to Mr. Appolinaire Effio, technician at the laboratory of zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi for his assistance during the biochemical analysis. Mr Roger K. ADOUNKPE, Head of the Spirulina Production Unit of the Regional Center for Development and Health (Pahou, Benin) for the supply of spirulina by-products.

References

Abdelkhalek, N.K.M., Ghazy, EW., Abdel-Daim M.M. (2015). Pharmacodynamic interaction of Spirulina platensis and deltamethrin in freshwater fish Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: impact on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(4), 3023-3031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3578-0
Abou, Y., Fiogbé, E.D., Micha, J.C. (2007a). A preliminary assessment of growth and production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., fed azolla-based-diets in earthen ponds. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 19(4), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v19n04_03
Abou, Y., Fiogbé E.D., Micha, J.C. (2007b). Effects of stocking density on growth, yield and profitability of farming Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., fed Azolla diet, in earthen ponds. Aquaculture Research, 38(6), 595-604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01700.x
Adler, S., Honkapää, K., Saarela, M., Slizyte, R., Sterten, H., Vikman, M., Løes, A.K. (2014). Utilisation of co-streams in the Norwegian food processing industry: A multiple case study. Bioforsk Report, 9(82), 1-58.
Ahmad Dar, B., Khaliq, R., Jha, G.N., Kour, P., Qureshi, T.A. (2014). Protective effects of dietary spirulina against cadmium chloride exposed histoarchitectural changes in the liver of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758). Indian Journal of Fisheries, 61(3), 83-87.
Al-Feky, S.S.A., El-Sayed, A.F.M., Ezzat, A.A. (2016). Dietary taurine enhances growth and feed utilization in larval Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed soybean meal-based diets. Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(2), 457-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12266
Alofa, C.S., Oke, V., Abou, Y. (2016). Effect of replacement of fish meal with broiler chicken viscera on growth, feed utilization and production of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(6), 182-186.
Beresto, V. (2001). Our experience in spirulina feeding to minks in the reproduction period. Scientifur, 25(1), 11-15.

Bhujel, R.C. (2000). A rewiew of strategies for the management of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodfish in seed production systems, especially hapa-based systems. Aquaculture, 181(1-2), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00217-3
Biswas, A., Araki, H., Sakata, T., Nakamori, T., Kato, K., Takii, K. (2017). Fish meal replacement by soy protein from soymilk in the diets of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(6), 1379-1389. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12513
Cho, J.H., Kim, I.H. (2011). Fish meal nutritive value. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 95(6), 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01109.x
Dagnelie, L. (1975). Théories et méthodes statistiques. Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgique, 463p. ISBN-10: 2870160070.
Emeka, A.I., Oscar, E.V. (2016). Comparative Study of Growth Performance, Food Utilization and Survival of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Fed Live Maggot (Musca domestica) and Coppens Commercial Feed. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 379-386.
Esmaeili, M., Abedian Kenari, A., Rombenso, A.N. (2017). Effects of fish meal replacement with meat and bone meal using garlic (Allium sativum) powder on growth, feeding, digestive enzymes and apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(6), 1225-1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12491
FAO, (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-209185-1
Folch, J., Lees M., Sloane-Stanley, G.H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497-509.
Guimarães, I.G., Pezzato, L.E., Barros, M.M., Tachibana, L. (2008). Nutrient digestibility of cereal grain products and by-products in extruded diets for Nile tilapia. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 39(6), 781-789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00214.x
Güroy, B., Sahin, I., Mantoglu, S., Kayalı, S. (2012). Spirulina as a natural carotenoid source on growth, pigmentation and reproductive performance of yellowtail cichlid Pseudotropheus acei. Aquaculture International, 20(5), 869-878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9512-x
Hemaiswarya, S., Raja, R., Ravi-Kumar, R., Ganesan, V., Anbazhagan, C. (2011). Microalgae: a sustainable feed source for aquaculture. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27(8), 1737-1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0632-z
Herath, S.S., Haga, Y., Satoh, S. (2016). Potential use of corn co products in fishmeal free diets for juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fisheries Science, 82(5), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1008-6
Horwitz, W., Latimer, GW. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemistry International, Maryland ISBN: 0935584757 9780935584752 093558482X 9780935584820
Huo S., Wang, Z., Zhu, S., Zhou, W., Dong, R., Yuan, Z. (2012). Cultivation of Chlorella zofingiensis in bench-scale outdoor ponds by regulation of pH using dairy wastewater in winter, South China. Bioresource Technology, 121, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.012
James, R., Sampath, K., Thangarathinam, R., Vasudevan, I. (2006). Effect of dietary spirulina level on growth, fertility, coloration and leucocyte count in red swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 58(8), 97-104.
Kader, M.A., Bulbul, M., Koshio, S., Ishikawa, M., Yokoyama, S., Nguyen, B.T., Komilus, C.F. (2012). Effect of complete replacement of fish meal by dehulled soybean meal with crude attractants supplementation in diets for red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 350-353, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.009
Kader, M.A., Koshio, S. (2012). Effect of composite mixture of seafood by-products and soybean proteins in replacement of fishmeal on the performance of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Aquaculture, 368, 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.09.014
Krome, C., Jauncey, K., Focken, U. (2016). Jatropha curcas kernel meal as a replacement for fishmeal in practical Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus feeds. AACL Bioflux, 9(3), 590-596.
Le Vay, L., Jones, D., Puello-Cruz, A., Sangha R., Ngamphonsai, C. (2001). Digestion in relation to feeding strategies exhibited by crustacean larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 128(3), 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00339-1
Lin Y.H., Mui J.J. (2016). Evaluation of dietary inclusion of housefly maggot (Musca domestica) meal on growth, fillet composition and physiological responses for barramundi, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture Research, 48, 2478-2485. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13085
Newton, L., Sheppard, C., Watson, D.W., Burtle, G., Dove, R. (2005). Using the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, as a value-added tool for the management of swine manure. Anim. Poult. Waste Manag. Center, North Carolina, State Univ. Raleigh, NC 19p.
Ogunji, J.O., Kloas, W., Wirth, M., Schulz, C., Rennert, B. (2008). Housefly maggot meal (magmeal) as a protein source for Oreochromis niloticus (Linn.). Asian Fisheries Science, 21, 319-331.
Oyelese, O.A. (2007). Utilization of compounded ration and maggot in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(3), 301-306.
Palmegiano, G.B., Agradi, E., Forneris, G., Gai, F., Gasco, L., Rigamonti, E., Sicuro, B., Zoccarato, I. (2005). Spirulina as a nutrient source in diets for growing sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Aquaculture Research, 36, 188-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01209.x
Promya, J., Chitmanat, C. (2011). The effects of Spirulina platensis and Cladophora algae on the growth performance, meat quality and immunity stimulating capacity of the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13, 77-82.
Ramakrishnan, C.M., Haniffa, M.A., Manohar, M., Dhanaraj, M., Jesu Arockiaraj, A., Seetharaman, S., Arunsingh, S.V. (2008). Effects of probiotics and spirulina on survival and growth of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 60(2), 128-133.
Salomone, R., Saija, G., Mondello, G., Giannetto, A., Fasulo, S., Savastano, D. (2017). Environmental impact of food waste bioconversion by insects: application of life cycle assessment to process using Hermetia illucens. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140(2), 890-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.154
Sealey, W.M., Gaylord T.G., Barrows F.T., Tomberlin J.K., McGuire M.A., Ross C., St-Hilaire S. (2011). Sensory analysis of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed enriched black soldier fly prepupae, Hermetia illucens. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2010.00441.x
Silva-Neto, J.F., Nunes, A.J.P., Sabry-Neto, H., Sa, M.V.C. (2012). Spirulina meal has acted as a strong feeding attractant for Litopenaeus vannamei at a very low dietary inclusion level. Aquaculture Research, 43, 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02846.x
Sirakov, I., Velichkova, K., Nikolov, G. (2012). The effect of algae meal (Spirulina) on the growth performance and carcass parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) J. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Special Edition, 151-156.
Spranghers, T., Ottoboni, M., Klootwijk C., Ovyn, A., Deboosere, S., De Meulenaer, B., Michiels J., Eeckhout, M., De Clercq, P., De Smet, S. (2017). Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(8), 2594-2600. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8081
Tacon, A.G.J., Hasan, M.R., Subasinghe, R.P. (2006). Use of fishery resources as feed inputs to aquaculture development: Trends and policy implications. Rome, Italy: FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1018, FAO Fisheries Department; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Teimouri, M., Amirkolaie, A.K., Yeganeh, S. (2013). The effects of Spirulina platensis meal as a feed supplement on growth performance and pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 396-399, 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.009
Ungsethaphand, T., Peerapornpisal, Y., Whangchai, N., Sardsud, U. (2010). Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth and carcass composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus). Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology, 4, 331-336.
Velasquez, S.F., Chan, M.A., Abisado, R.G., Traifalgar, R.F.M., Tayamen, M.M., Maliwat, G.C.F., Ragaza, J.A. (2016). Dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) replacement enhances performance of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(2), 1023-1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0661-y
Vizcaino, A., Lopez, G., Saez, M., Jimenez, J., Barros, A., Hidalgo, L., Camacho-Rodriguez, J., Martinez, T., Ceron- Garcia, M., Alarcion, F. (2014). Effects of the microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis as fishmeal alternative in diets for gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, juveniles. Aquaculture, 431, 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.010
Wang, L., Li, J., Jin, J., Zhu, F., Roffeis, M., Zhang, X. (2017). A comprehensive evaluation of replacing fishmeal with housefly (Musca domestica) maggot meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Growth performance, flesh quality, innate immunity and water environment. Aquaculture Nutrition, 23(5), 983-993. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12466
Webster, C.D., Tiu, L.G., Tidwell, J.H. (1997). Effects of replacing fish meal in diets on growth and body composition of palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops) raised in cages. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 7, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v07n01_05
Yeganeh, S., Teimouri, M., Amirkolaie, A.K. (2015). Dietary effects of Spirulina platensis on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Research in Veterinary Science, 101, 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.06.002

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hydrobiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cayen Sédro Alofa ^*
0000-0002-3412-3362
Benin

Alphonse Adıte
0000-0002-2255-4464
Benin

Youssouf Abou
0000-0002-8273-0036
Benin

Publication Date

January 1, 2020

Submission Date

October 25, 2019

Acceptance Date

December 15, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 3 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR20003

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99RC62NR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Alofa, C. S., Adıte, A., & Abou, Y. (2020). Evaluation of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) wastes and live housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as dietary protein sources in diets of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings. Aquatic Research, 3(1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR20003

Öz

Evaluation of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) wastes and live housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as dietary protein sources in diets of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite