Research Article
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Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 54 - 62, 15.01.2026

Pınar Arslan Yüce

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26006

Abstract

Project Number

FF210621B12

References

  • Abdul Majeed, S., Nambi, K.S.N., Taju, G., Sundar Raj, N., Madan, N., & Sahul Hameed, A.S. (2013). Establishment and characterisation of a permanent cell line from the gill tissue of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and its application in gene expression and toxicology. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 29(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-012-9237-7
  • Abdul Majeed, S., Nambi, K.S.N., Taju, G., Babu, V.S., Farook, M.A., & Hameed, A.S. (2014). Development and characterization of a new gill cell line from air breathing fish Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) and its application in toxicology: direct comparison to the acute fish toxicity. Chemosphere, 96, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.045
  • Almeida, M., Martins, M.A., Soares, A.M., Cuesta, A., & Oliveira, M. (2019). Polystyrene nanoplastics alter the cytotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals on marine fish cell lines. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.019
  • Anonymous (2025). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Pestisitlerin Maksimum Kalıntı Limitleri Yönetmeliği. https://mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=38965&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Arslan, P. & Ozeren, S.C. (2021). A case study of 38 micro‐organic pollutants contamination in Kirmir Stream, Turkey. Environmental Quality Management, 31(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21811
  • Arslan, P. & Ozeren, S.C. (2022). Physiological and histopathological alterations in Capoeta baliki and Squalius pursakensis after caused by some environmental pollutants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09830-y
  • Belek, N., Erkmen, B., Dinçel, A.S., & Günal, A.Ç. (2022). Does persistent organic pollutant PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) negative impacts on the aquatic invertebrate organism, Astacus leptodactylus [Eschscholtz, 1823]. Ecotoxicology, 31, 1217–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02579-7
  • Brodeur, J.C., Damonte, M.J., Rojas, D.E., Cristos, D., Vargas, C., Poliserpi, M.B., & Andriulo, A.E. (2022). Concentration of current-use pesticides in frogs from the Pampa region and correlation of a mixture toxicity index with biological effects. Environmental Research, 204, 112354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112354
  • Davila, J. C., Rodriguez, R. J., Melchert, R. B., & Acosta Jr, D. (1998). Predictive value of in vitro model systems in toxicology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 38(1), 63–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.63
  • Erkekoğlu, P. & Baydar, T. (2017). Current In Vitro Cytotoxicity Tests. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 41(1), 45-63.
  • Erkmen, B., Günal, A.Ç., Polat, H., Erdoğan, K., Civelek, H., & Erkoç, F. (2022). Sublethal effects of acrylamide on thyroid hormones, complete blood count and micronucleus frequency of vertebrate model organism (Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 47(6), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2022-0025
  • EU 2020. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/18 of 10 January 2020 concerning the non-renewal of the approval of the active substance chlorpyrifos, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and amending the Annex to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/18/oj
  • Fotakis, G. & Timbrell, J.A. (2006). In vitro cytotoxicity assays: comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicology Letters, 160(2),171–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.001
  • Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (2016). General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products, decision regarding Chlorpyrifos-ethyl. https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/Duyuru/ DuyuruDetay/1.
  • Handy, R.D., Clark, N.J., Boyle, D., Vassallo, J., Green, C., Nasser, F., Botha, T.L., Wepener, V., van den Brick, F., & Svendsen, C. (2022). The bioaccumulation testing strategy for nanomaterials: correlations with particle properties and a meta-analysis of in vitro fish alternatives to in vivo fish tests. Environmental Science: Nano, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EN00694K
  • John, E.M. & Shaike, J.M. (2015). Chlorpyrifos: pollution and remediation. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 13, 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0513-7
  • Kumar, R., Sankhla, M. S., Kumar, R., & Sonone, S.S. (2021). Impact of pesticide toxicity in aquatic environment. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10131–10140. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC113.1013110140
  • Miller, T.H., Ng, K.T., Bury, S.T., Bury, S.E., Bury, N.R., & Barron, L.P. (2019). Biomonitoring of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in a freshwater invertebrate to estimate toxic or effect pressure. Environment International, 129, 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.038
  • Mojiri, A., Zhou, J.L., Robinson, B., Ohashi, A., Ozaki, N., Kindaichi, T., Farrajji, H., & Vakili, M. (2020). Pesticides in aquatic environments and their removal by adsorption methods. Chemosphere, 253, 126646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126646
  • Muir, D., Savinova, T., Savinov, V., Alexeeva, L., Potelov, V., & Svetochev, V. (2003). Bioaccumulation of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in seals, fishes and invertebrates from the White Sea, Russia. Science of the Total Environment, 306(1-3), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00488-6
  • Nasiri, M., Ahmadzadeh, H., & Amiri, A. (2020). Sample preparation and extraction methods for pesticides in aquatic environments: A review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 123, 115772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.115772
  • OECD (2019). Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/test-no-203-fish-acute-toxicity-test_9789264069961-en.html
  • Oruc, E. (2012). Oxidative stress responses and recovery patterns in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(5), 678–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0548-4
  • Otieno, P.O., Schramm, K.W., Pfister, G., Lalah, J.O., Ojwach, S., & Virani, M. (2012). Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend in Concentration of Carbofuran, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Ethyl Residues in Sediment and Water in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 526–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0529-7
  • Otieno, P.O., Owuor, P.O., Lalah, J.O., Pfister, G., & Schramm, K.W. (2013). Comparative evaluation of ELISA kit and HPLC DAD for the determination of chlorpyrifos ethyl residues in water and sediments. Talanta, 117, 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.014
  • Pandit, G.G., Rao, A.M., Jha, S.K., Krishnamoorthy, T.M., Kale, S.P., Raghu, K., & Murthy, N.B.K. (2001). Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in the Indian marine environment. Chemosphere, 44(2), 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00179-X
  • Pehlivan, A., Atmaca, E., & Aksoy, A. (2018). Ekotoksikoloji Alanında Balık Hücre Hatlarının Kullanımı. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 29(2), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.513576
  • Phipps, G.L. & Holcombe, G.W. (1985). A method for aquatic multiple species toxicant testing: acute toxicity of 10 chemicals to 5 vertebrates and 2 invertebrates. Environmental Pollution A, 38(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90073-X
  • Ruiz-Arias, M.A., Medina-Díaz, I.M., Bernal-Hernández, Y.Y. et al. (2023). The situation of chlorpyrifos in Mexico: a case study in environmental samples and aquatic organisms. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 45, 6323–6351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01618-4
  • Ruiz-Palacios, M., Esteban, M. Á., & Cuesta, A. (2020). Establishment of a brain cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream and its application to fish virology. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 106, 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.065
  • Salihu, S.O. & Iyya, Z. (2022). Assessment of Physicochemical parameters and Organochlorine pesticide residues in selected vegetable farmlands soil in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Science Progress and Research (SPR), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.171
  • Schirmer, K. (2006). Proposal to improve vertebrate cell cultures to establish them as substitutes for the regulatory testing of chemicals and effluents using fish. Toxicology, 224, 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.042
  • Surinlert, P., Petmunee, L., Jiraarpassorn, C., Salika, T., Watthanard, M., Bunnuang, K., ... & Tipbunjong, C. (2025). Chlorpyrifos abolished C2C12 myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation via mitochondrial stress. Toxicology Reports, 102041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102041
  • Taju, G., Majeed, S.A., Nambi, K.S.N., Farook, M.A., Vimal, S., & Hameed, A.S. (2014). In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress of cypermethrin on five fish cell lines. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 113, 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.006
  • Tokur, O. & Aksoy, A. (2017). In vitro sitotoksisite testleri. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.325794
  • Tomlin, C.D.S. (2009). The pesticide manual: a world compendium. British Crop Production Council, Alton.
  • Top, Z.N., Tiryaki, O., Polat. B. (2023). Monitoring and environmental risk assessment of agricultural fungicide and insecticides in water, sediment from Kumkale Plain, Çanakkale-Turkey. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 58(4), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2023.2187598
  • UNEP Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2024). Risk management evaluation for chlorpyrifos. Report of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee on the work of its twentieth meeting. UNEP/POPS/POPRC.20/10/Add.1
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Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos ethyl in fish cell lines

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 54 - 62, 15.01.2026

Pınar Arslan Yüce

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26006

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPE) is a widely used organophosphate pesticide that poses a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of CPE on two fish cell lines: rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) and common carp epithelioma (EPC). The cells were exposed to a range of CPE concentrations (0.488 - 250 ppm) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using two complementary colourimetric assays, MTT and Neutral Red (NR), which measure mitochondrial activity and lysosomal membrane integrity, respectively. The results demonstrated that CPE induced a significant, concentration-dependent decrease in both assays in both cell lines. The calculated half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for the RTG-2 and EPC cells showed variations, indicating differences in sensitivity between the cell types and the metabolic endpoints assessed. The cell morphologies were changed when exposed to CPE concentrations in both cell lines. The in vitro cytotoxicity data were consistent with the acute toxicity ranges (LC50) reported in the literature for in vivo fish species, validating the use of these piscine cell lines as reliable and ethical tools for the preliminary ecotoxicological screening of pesticides. This study confirms the high cytotoxic potential of CPE and underscores the utility of fish cell lines in environmental risk assessment.

Keywords

Chlorpyrifos-ethyl RTG-2 EPC Cytotoxicity

Ethical Statement

Not applicable. The study involved only in vitro experiments using established fish cell lines and did not include experiments on live animals.

Supporting Institution

Çankırı Karatekin Universtiy Scientific Research Projects Presidency

Project Number

FF210621B12

Thanks

Special thanks to Prof. Dr. A. Cağlan Gunal for providing chlorpyrifos-ethyl, to Prof. Dr. Gülçin Akça for using the cell culture laboratory access and to Prof. Dr. Begüm Yurdakök for using the SpectraMax microplate reader.

References

  • Abdul Majeed, S., Nambi, K.S.N., Taju, G., Sundar Raj, N., Madan, N., & Sahul Hameed, A.S. (2013). Establishment and characterisation of a permanent cell line from the gill tissue of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and its application in gene expression and toxicology. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 29(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-012-9237-7
  • Abdul Majeed, S., Nambi, K.S.N., Taju, G., Babu, V.S., Farook, M.A., & Hameed, A.S. (2014). Development and characterization of a new gill cell line from air breathing fish Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) and its application in toxicology: direct comparison to the acute fish toxicity. Chemosphere, 96, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.045
  • Almeida, M., Martins, M.A., Soares, A.M., Cuesta, A., & Oliveira, M. (2019). Polystyrene nanoplastics alter the cytotoxicity of human pharmaceuticals on marine fish cell lines. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.019
  • Anonymous (2025). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Pestisitlerin Maksimum Kalıntı Limitleri Yönetmeliği. https://mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=38965&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • Arslan, P. & Ozeren, S.C. (2021). A case study of 38 micro‐organic pollutants contamination in Kirmir Stream, Turkey. Environmental Quality Management, 31(4), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21811
  • Arslan, P. & Ozeren, S.C. (2022). Physiological and histopathological alterations in Capoeta baliki and Squalius pursakensis after caused by some environmental pollutants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09830-y
  • Belek, N., Erkmen, B., Dinçel, A.S., & Günal, A.Ç. (2022). Does persistent organic pollutant PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) negative impacts on the aquatic invertebrate organism, Astacus leptodactylus [Eschscholtz, 1823]. Ecotoxicology, 31, 1217–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02579-7
  • Brodeur, J.C., Damonte, M.J., Rojas, D.E., Cristos, D., Vargas, C., Poliserpi, M.B., & Andriulo, A.E. (2022). Concentration of current-use pesticides in frogs from the Pampa region and correlation of a mixture toxicity index with biological effects. Environmental Research, 204, 112354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112354
  • Davila, J. C., Rodriguez, R. J., Melchert, R. B., & Acosta Jr, D. (1998). Predictive value of in vitro model systems in toxicology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 38(1), 63–96. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.38.1.63
  • Erkekoğlu, P. & Baydar, T. (2017). Current In Vitro Cytotoxicity Tests. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 41(1), 45-63.
  • Erkmen, B., Günal, A.Ç., Polat, H., Erdoğan, K., Civelek, H., & Erkoç, F. (2022). Sublethal effects of acrylamide on thyroid hormones, complete blood count and micronucleus frequency of vertebrate model organism (Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 47(6), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2022-0025
  • EU 2020. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/18 of 10 January 2020 concerning the non-renewal of the approval of the active substance chlorpyrifos, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and amending the Annex to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2020/18/oj
  • Fotakis, G. & Timbrell, J.A. (2006). In vitro cytotoxicity assays: comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicology Letters, 160(2),171–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.001
  • Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (2016). General Directorate of Food and Control, Department of Plant Protection Products, decision regarding Chlorpyrifos-ethyl. https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/Duyuru/ DuyuruDetay/1.
  • Handy, R.D., Clark, N.J., Boyle, D., Vassallo, J., Green, C., Nasser, F., Botha, T.L., Wepener, V., van den Brick, F., & Svendsen, C. (2022). The bioaccumulation testing strategy for nanomaterials: correlations with particle properties and a meta-analysis of in vitro fish alternatives to in vivo fish tests. Environmental Science: Nano, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EN00694K
  • John, E.M. & Shaike, J.M. (2015). Chlorpyrifos: pollution and remediation. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 13, 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0513-7
  • Kumar, R., Sankhla, M. S., Kumar, R., & Sonone, S.S. (2021). Impact of pesticide toxicity in aquatic environment. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10131–10140. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC113.1013110140
  • Miller, T.H., Ng, K.T., Bury, S.T., Bury, S.E., Bury, N.R., & Barron, L.P. (2019). Biomonitoring of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in a freshwater invertebrate to estimate toxic or effect pressure. Environment International, 129, 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.038
  • Mojiri, A., Zhou, J.L., Robinson, B., Ohashi, A., Ozaki, N., Kindaichi, T., Farrajji, H., & Vakili, M. (2020). Pesticides in aquatic environments and their removal by adsorption methods. Chemosphere, 253, 126646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126646
  • Muir, D., Savinova, T., Savinov, V., Alexeeva, L., Potelov, V., & Svetochev, V. (2003). Bioaccumulation of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in seals, fishes and invertebrates from the White Sea, Russia. Science of the Total Environment, 306(1-3), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00488-6
  • Nasiri, M., Ahmadzadeh, H., & Amiri, A. (2020). Sample preparation and extraction methods for pesticides in aquatic environments: A review. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 123, 115772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.115772
  • OECD (2019). Test No. 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/test-no-203-fish-acute-toxicity-test_9789264069961-en.html
  • Oruc, E. (2012). Oxidative stress responses and recovery patterns in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(5), 678–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0548-4
  • Otieno, P.O., Schramm, K.W., Pfister, G., Lalah, J.O., Ojwach, S., & Virani, M. (2012). Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend in Concentration of Carbofuran, Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Ethyl Residues in Sediment and Water in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 526–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0529-7
  • Otieno, P.O., Owuor, P.O., Lalah, J.O., Pfister, G., & Schramm, K.W. (2013). Comparative evaluation of ELISA kit and HPLC DAD for the determination of chlorpyrifos ethyl residues in water and sediments. Talanta, 117, 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.014
  • Pandit, G.G., Rao, A.M., Jha, S.K., Krishnamoorthy, T.M., Kale, S.P., Raghu, K., & Murthy, N.B.K. (2001). Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in the Indian marine environment. Chemosphere, 44(2), 301–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00179-X
  • Pehlivan, A., Atmaca, E., & Aksoy, A. (2018). Ekotoksikoloji Alanında Balık Hücre Hatlarının Kullanımı. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 29(2), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.513576
  • Phipps, G.L. & Holcombe, G.W. (1985). A method for aquatic multiple species toxicant testing: acute toxicity of 10 chemicals to 5 vertebrates and 2 invertebrates. Environmental Pollution A, 38(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90073-X
  • Ruiz-Arias, M.A., Medina-Díaz, I.M., Bernal-Hernández, Y.Y. et al. (2023). The situation of chlorpyrifos in Mexico: a case study in environmental samples and aquatic organisms. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 45, 6323–6351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01618-4
  • Ruiz-Palacios, M., Esteban, M. Á., & Cuesta, A. (2020). Establishment of a brain cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream and its application to fish virology. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 106, 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.065
  • Salihu, S.O. & Iyya, Z. (2022). Assessment of Physicochemical parameters and Organochlorine pesticide residues in selected vegetable farmlands soil in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Science Progress and Research (SPR), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.171
  • Schirmer, K. (2006). Proposal to improve vertebrate cell cultures to establish them as substitutes for the regulatory testing of chemicals and effluents using fish. Toxicology, 224, 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.042
  • Surinlert, P., Petmunee, L., Jiraarpassorn, C., Salika, T., Watthanard, M., Bunnuang, K., ... & Tipbunjong, C. (2025). Chlorpyrifos abolished C2C12 myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation via mitochondrial stress. Toxicology Reports, 102041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102041
  • Taju, G., Majeed, S.A., Nambi, K.S.N., Farook, M.A., Vimal, S., & Hameed, A.S. (2014). In vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative stress of cypermethrin on five fish cell lines. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 113, 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.006
  • Tokur, O. & Aksoy, A. (2017). In vitro sitotoksisite testleri. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.325794
  • Tomlin, C.D.S. (2009). The pesticide manual: a world compendium. British Crop Production Council, Alton.
  • Top, Z.N., Tiryaki, O., Polat. B. (2023). Monitoring and environmental risk assessment of agricultural fungicide and insecticides in water, sediment from Kumkale Plain, Çanakkale-Turkey. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 58(4), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2023.2187598
  • UNEP Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2024). Risk management evaluation for chlorpyrifos. Report of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee on the work of its twentieth meeting. UNEP/POPS/POPRC.20/10/Add.1
  • US EPA (2020). Chlorpyrifos Proposed Interim Registration Review Decision Case Number 0100. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/proposed-interim-decision-registration-review-chlorpyrifos
  • Varga, E., Prause, H. C., Riepl, M. et al. (2024). Cytotoxicity of Prymnesium parvum extracts and prymnesin analogs on epithelial fish gill cells RTgill-W1 and the human colon cell line HCEC-1CT. Archieves of Toxicology, 98, 999–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03663-5
  • Wang, S., Zhang, X., Gui, B., Xu, X., Su, L., Zhao, Y. H., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2022). Comparison of modes of action between fish, cell and mitochondrial toxicity based on toxicity correlation, excess toxicity and QSAR for class-based compounds. Toxicology, 470, 153155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2022.153155
  • Wu, Y. J., Kang, K., Yang, W., Wu, Q., Chen, R., & Zhou, X. (2025). Combined Toxicity of Heavy Metal Cadmium and Insecticide Chlorpyrifos to Drosophila S2 Cells. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 115(2), 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-025-04097-8
  • Xing, H., Wang, X., Sun, G., Gao, X., Xu, S., & Wang, X. (2012). Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on activity and transcription of glutathione S-transferase in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33(2), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.014
  • Xu, Y., Zhong, Z., Zhang, Z., Feng, Y., Zhao, L., Jiang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022). Establishment and characterisation of the gonadal cell lines derived from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) for gene expression studies. Aquaculture, 546, 737300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737300
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There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Aquatic Toxicology , Fish Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pınar Arslan Yüce 0000-0001-5910-2835

Project Number FF210621B12
Submission Date November 24, 2025
Acceptance Date January 12, 2026
Early Pub Date January 15, 2026
Publication Date January 15, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arslan Yüce, P. (2026). Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos ethyl in fish cell lines. Aquatic Research, 9(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26006

Aim & Scope

   The journal “AQUATIC RESEARCH” is an international, scientific, open access journal published in accordance with the principles of independent, impartial and double-blind refereeing. The journal is published quarterly in January, April, July, and October to contribute to the literature by publishing articles at the highest scientific level in all fields of aquatic sciences. The publication language of the journal is English or Turkish, and it has been published since 2018.

     The journal publishes original research and review articles prepared in accordance with ethical rules.

The publication of the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal are not limited to these; Aquatic Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Environment and Pollutants, Aquaculture, Conservation and Management of Aquatic Source, Economics and Managements of Fisheries, Fish Diseases and Health, Fisheries Resources and Management, Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, Limnology, Maritime Sciences, Marine Accidents, Marine Navigation and Safety, Marine and Coastal Ecology, Oceanography, Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Seafood Safety Systems, Sustainability in Marine and Freshwater Systems etc. covers topics. The target audience of the journal consists of experts and professionals working and interested in all disciplines of aquatic sciences.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles. Statements or opinions expressed in articles published in the journal reflect the views of the author(s), not the views of the editors, editorial board and/or publisher; The editors, editorial board, and publisher do not accept any responsibility or liability for such materials.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark (https://dergipark.org.tr) which serves as a national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to collect, preserve, and serve the content. All expenses of the journal are covered by the ScientificWebJournals web portal.

In addition, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives that comply with Open Archive Initiative (https://www.openarchives.org/) standards. Authors should provide a link from the stored version to the journal website URL.

Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr. Özkan Özden

Address: Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Kalenderhane Mah. 16 Mart Şehitleri Cad. No:2 34134 Vezneciler Fatih/Istanbul, Türkiye

E-mail: ozden@istanbul.edu.tr 


Header photos (web and others) from Ferhan Coşkun, Türkiye

E.mail: fcoskun@gmail.com

Instagram: instagram.com/exultsoul

Article evaluation and submission rules for reviewers and authors are given in the link below.


https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/26282 

The journal “AQUATIC RESEARCH” adheres to the highest standards of publishing ethics guided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors (CSE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), Open Access Scholarly and Publishers Association (OASPA), and  Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Authors must comply with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involv-ing Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora for research involving plants.

Manuscripts submitted should align with the journal's purpose and scope and must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere. Changes to authorship (name, order, additions) require written consent from all declared authors.

The following actions constitute unethical behavior and result in rejection or retraction: plagiarism, duplication, false authorship, data fabrication, slicing, copyright infringement, and undisclosed conflicts of interest. 

Journal Responsibilities
The "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal is committed to preventing publication malpractice. Submitted works must represent original contributions free from plagiarism. Authors must disclose actual or potential conflicts of interest. The journal ensures objective and fair double-blind peer-review to prevent conflicts between editorial staff, reviewers, and authors
The journal provides an open platform for public discussion requiring registration for accountability. Reviewer identities remain confidential unless explicitly disclosed to the editors.
Publication Decisions
The editor of the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journals is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.
The journal submission and publication process involves manuscript submission, ethical checks, double-blind peer review, editorial decision-making (including potential conflict resolution), typesetting, author review, DOI assignment, online publication, and archiving, as detailed in the workflow diagram below.
34014
Fair Play
An editor at any time evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regarding race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.
Research Ethics
An approval of research protocols by the Ethics Committee in accordance with international agreements (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects,” amended in October 2013, www.wma.net) is required for experimental, clinical, and drug studies. If required, ethics committee reports or an equivalent official document will be requested from the authors.
For manuscripts concerning experimental research on humans, a statement should be included that shows the written informed consent of patients and volunteers was obtained following a detailed explanation of the procedures that they may undergo. Information on patient consent, the name of the ethics committee, and the ethics committee approval number should also be stated in the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript. It is the authors’ responsibility to carefully protect the patients’ anonymity. For photographs that may reveal the identity of the patients, signed releases of the patient or of their legal representative should be enclosed.
“AQUATIC RESEARCH” journal requires experimental research studies on vertebrates or any regulated invertebrates to comply with relevant institutional, national and/or international guidelines. The journal supports the principles of the Basel Declaration (https://animalresearchtomorrow.org/en) and the guidelines published by the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) (https://iclas.org/). Authors are advised to clearly state their compliance with relevant guidelines.
This journal advises authors to comply with IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora for research involving plants.
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools
Our journal adheres to international standards of publication ethics and requires complete transparency regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot, etc.) during manuscript preparation.
Disclosure Requirement: Authors must disclose the use of any AI tool in the manuscript, specifying the name of the tool, the stage(s) at which it was used, and its purpose. This text should be included in the "Disclosure". Authors must affirm that all scientific content is their own and that they retain full responsibility for any material generated with the assistance of AI tools.
Content Limitation: The use of AI tools must remain supplementary. If the proportion of AI-generated text content exceeds 20% of the total manuscript, the submission will be considered ineligible for review and rejected on ethical grounds.
Responsibility: AI tools cannot be listed as authors. All named authors are solely accountable for the content of the submission, including any material produced with AI assistance. Failure to disclose the use of AI tools or excessive reliance on them will be considered a breach of publication ethics.
Plagiarism
Submitted manuscripts that pass preflight are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. Authors will be notified if plagiarism/self-plagiarism is detected. Editors can resubmit the article for any peer-review or similarity check during production, if necessary. High similarity scores can cause an article to be rejected before or even after it is accepted. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity scores from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 20%.
Double-Blind Referee Evaluation
After the plagiarism check, the appropriate ones are evaluated by the editors in terms of originality, methodology, importance of the subject and suitability to the scope of the journal. The editor directs the submitted articles to a fair double-blind peer-review (submits the articles that comply with official rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation) and gives approval by managing the processes for publication after they are modified by the authors in accordance with the referees' rules.
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The journal is an open access journal and all its content is freely available to the user or institution. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, print, search or link the full texts of articles in this journal without prior permission from the publisher or author. This conforms to Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) 's definition of open access.
Open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
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Authors publishing with the journal retain copyright to their work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and Publisher retains the exclusive right to publish the work. The CC BY 4.0 license permits unlimited distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
The copyright of any open access article in the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal published on the "ScientificWebJournals" web portal hosted by "DergiPark" belongs to the author(s).
Correction, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
If minor errors are detected that do not affect the results, comments and conclusions of the published article, the editor accepts the correction. If major errors and/or abuses are detected by the editor, which invalidates the results and conclusions, their withdrawal is considered.
If there is evidence of research or publication abuse by the authors, there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions did not investigate the incident, or the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. The editor should consider issuing a statement of concern.
COPE and ICJME guidelines are considered regarding correction, withdrawal or expression of concern.
Archiving Policy
To preserve and permanently access all articles published in the journal "Aquatic Research", the papers are nationally archived under the name Dergipark (https://dergipark.org) by TÜBİTAK Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBİM) affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Technology of Türkiye. It is stored with a system established for journal publishing activities that allow LOCKSS to collect, preserve and present the content.
Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (https://www.openarchives.org/). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of journal website.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Citation Indexes

TR Dizin
Scopus

Other Indexes

Zoological Record

Sorumlu Editör

Özkan Özden
Özkan ÖZDEN
Food Properties, Food Engineering, Food Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies

Sorumlu Editör Yardımcısı

Nuray Erkan
Nuray ERKAN
Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Food Sciences, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology

Language Editors

Gökhan Tunçelli
Gökhan TUNÇELLİ
Fish Breeding, Pisciculture, Shellfish Culture, Fisheries Technologies, Aquaculture

Ethics Editor

Şafak Ulusoy
Şafak ULUSOY
Aquatic Toxicology , Food Consumption, Fermentation Technology, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Drying Technologies, Fisheries Technologies

Editörler Kurulu

Albert Ukaro Ofuoku
Albert Ukaro OFUOKU
Agricultural Extension and Communication
Erhan Mutlu
Erhan MUTLU
Ecology, Oceanography
Murat Yiğit
Murat YİĞİT
Ecological Applications, Water Quality and Water Pollution, Surface Water Quality Processes and Contaminated Sediment Assessment, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Pisciculture, Farm Enterprises, Agribusiness
Default avatar
Jualang Azlan GANSAU
Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture
Emine Gözde Özbayram
Emine Gözde ÖZBAYRAM
Microbiology, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology Diagnostics (Incl. Biosensors), Water Quality and Water Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy Resources
Default avatar
Eltjon HALİMİ
Entomology, Invertebrate Biology
Ulfert Focken
Ulfert FOCKEN
Pisciculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)
Momin Momin
Momin MOMİN
Fish Biology, Fish Physiology and Genetics, Fish Breeding, Pisciculture, Aquaculture
Default avatar
Katya PEYCHEVA
Analytical Biochemistry, Environmental Assessment and Monitoring, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Aquaculture
Adrian Grozea
Adrian GROZEA
Hydrobiology, Water Quality and Water Pollution, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Pisciculture
Emre Çağlak
Emre ÇAĞLAK
Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies

16291

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Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Archiving Policy:

Archiving is done according to TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM "DergiPark" publication policy (LOCKSS).