Research Article
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Year 2026, Issue: Advanced Online Publication, 78 - 89, 16.03.2026

Melih Onay

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26008
https://izlik.org/JA86HY88DN

Abstract

References

  • Abiusi, F., Trompetter, E., Hoenink, H., Wijffels, R.H., & Janssen, M. (2021). Autotrophic and mixotrophic biomass production of the acidophilic Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF 64. Algal Research, 60, 102513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102513
  • Al-Badri, S.G. (2021). Bioethanol Production from Gloeocystis vesiculosa in Synthetic Wastewater. Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, M. Sc Thesis, Van, Türkiye.
  • Ameri, M., Baron-Sola, A., Khavari-Nejad, R. A., Soltani, N., Najafi, F., Bagheri, A., Martínez, F., & Hernández, L. E. (2020). Aluminium triggers oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Journal of Plant Physiology, 246–247, 153114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153114
  • Capek, L., Uhliariková, I., Košťálová, Z., Hindáková, A., & Capek, P. (2023). Structural properties of the extracellular biopolymer (β-D-xylo-α-D-mannan) produced by the green microalga Gloeocystis vesiculosa Nägeli. Carbohydrate Research, 525, 108766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2023.108766
  • Çeliktaş, M.O. (2020). Düz-Panel Hava Kaldırmalı Fotobiyoreaktörün Tasarımı ve Çeşitli Dalgaboylarında LED Işık ile Mikroalglerden Yüksek Biyodizel Üretimi. Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, M. Sc Thesis, Van, Türkiye
  • Choudhary, M., Jetley, U. K., Abash Khan, M., Zutshi, S., & Fatma, T. (2007). Effect of heavy metal stress on proline, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase activity in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis-S5. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66(2), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.02.002
  • Dias, R.R., Deprá, M.C., De Menezes, C.R., Zepka, L.Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2025). Microalgae cultivation in wastewater: How realistic is this approach for value-added product production? Processes, 13(7), 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072052
  • Duan, Y., Guo, X., Yang, J., Zhang, M., & Li, Y. (2020). Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations. Royal Society Open Science, 7(1), 191214. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191214
  • Fal, S., Aasfar, A., Rabie, R., Smouni, A., & Arroussi, H. El. (2022). Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Heliyon, 8(1), e08811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08811
  • Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226(1), 497–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
  • Gao, G., Wu, M., Fu, Q., Li, X., & Xu, J. (2019). A two-stage model with nitrogen and silicon limitation enhances lipid productivity and biodiesel features of the marine bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. Bioresource Technology, 289, 121717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121717
  • Geng, Y., Shaukat, A., Azhar, W., Raza, Q.-U.-A., Tahir, A., Abideen, M. Z. U., Zia, M. A. B., Bashir, M. A., & Rehim, A. (2025). Microalgal biorefineries: A systematic review of technological trade-offs and innovation pathways. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, 18(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02694-7
  • Hamed, S.M., Zinta, G., Klöck, G., Asard, H., Selim, S., & AbdElgawad, H. (2017). Zinc-induced differential oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus acuminatus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 140, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.055
  • Ismaiel, M.M.S., & Piercey-Normore, M.D. (2023). Antioxidant enzymes of Pseudochlorella pringsheimii under two stressors: Variation of SOD isoforms activity. Journal of Plant Research, 136(5), 755–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-023-01473-5
  • Jeffers, T.L., McCombs, R., Schmollinger, S., Tirumani, S., Upadhyaya, S., Merchant, S.S., Niyogi, K.K., & Roth, M.S. (2025). An algal nutrient‐replete, optimized medium for fast growth and high triacylglycerol accumulation. Plant Direct, 9(9), e70106. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70106
  • Kuo, E.Y., Cai, M.-S., & Lee, T.-M. (2020). Ascorbate peroxidase 4 plays a role in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to photo-oxidative stress. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70247-z
  • Li, X., Yang, C., Zeng, G., Wu, S., Lin, Y., Zhou, Q., Lou, W., Du, C., Nie, L., & Zhong, Y. (2020). Nutrient removal from swine wastewater with growing microalgae at various zinc concentrations. Algal Research, 46, 101804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101804
  • Maltsev, Y., Kulikovskiy, M., & Maltseva, S. (2023). Nitrogen and phosphorus stress as a tool to induce lipid production in microalgae. Microbial Cell Factories, 22(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-023-02244-6
  • Mihiraj, R.A.I.S., Abinayan, I., Madhusanka, H.G.D., Ketheesan, B., & Sivakanthan, S. (2022). Enhancement of lipid yield in Chlorella sp. under different stress conditions for the production of biodiesel. Journal of Dry Zone Agriculture, 8(2), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.4038/jdza.v8i2.62
  • Morales-Sánchez, D., Tinoco-Valencia, R., Kyndt, J., & Martínez, A. (2013). Heterotrophic growth of Neochloris oleoabundans using glucose as a carbon source. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-100
  • Muhetaer, G., Jayasanka, S., & Fujino, T. (2020). Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of Phormidium ambiguum and Microcystis aeruginosa under diurnally varying light conditions. Microorganisms, 8(6), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060890
  • Nur, M.M.A., & Buma, A.G.J. (2019). Opportunities and challenges of microalgal cultivation on wastewater, with special focus on palm oil mill effluent and the production of high value compounds. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10(8), 2079–2097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0256-3
  • Oğuz, A., Köker, L., Özbayram, E.G., Akcaalan, R., & Albay, M. (2024). Biodiesel production from Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorella vulgaris: Assessment of nitrogen deficiency on lipid, fame yield and biodiesel properties. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 15(5), 2757–2768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02359-2
  • Onay, M. (2020). Biomass and bio-butanol production from Borodinellopsis texensis CCALA 892 in synthetic wastewater: determination of biochemical composition. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.573432
  • Onay, M., & Ayas, Z.S. (2024). Coproduction of biofuel and pigments from Micractinium sp. using UV-induced mutagenesis and adding abscisic acid and salicylic acid for biorefinery concepts. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(6), 7929–7944. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08531-z
  • Onay, M., Sonmez, C., Oktem, H.A., & Yucel, A.M. (2014). Thermo-resistant green microalgae for effective biodiesel production: Isolation and characterization of unialgal species from geothermal flora of central Anatolia. Bioresource Technology, 169, 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.078
  • Qiu, C., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhou, G.-J., & Bi, Y. (2022). Response of antioxidant enzyme activities of the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. AZHB to Cu2+ and Cd2+ Stress. Sustainability, 14(16), 10320. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610320
  • Sabatini, S.E., Juárez, Á.B., Eppis, M.R., Bianchi, L., Luquet, C.M., & Ríos De Molina, M.D.C. (2009). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in two green microalgae exposed to copper. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(4), 1200–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.01.003
  • Salgado, E.M., Esteves, A.F., Gonçalves, A.L., & Pires, J.C.M. (2023). Microalgal cultures for the remediation of wastewaters with different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios: Process modelling using artificial neural networks. Environmental Research, 231, 116076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116076
  • Satpati, G.G., Chandra Gorain, P., Paul, I., & Pal, R. (2016). An integrated salinity-driven workflow for rapid lipid enhancement in green microalgae for biodiesel application. RSC Advances, 6(113), 112340–112355. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA23933A
  • Serrano, G., Miranda-Ostojic, C., Ferrada, P., Wulff-Zotelle, C., Maureira, A., Fuentealba, E., Gallardo, K., Zapata, M., & Rivas, M. (2021). Response to static magnetic field-induced stress in Scenedesmus obliquus and Nannochloropsis gaditana. Marine Drugs, 19(9), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19090527
  • Sharma, A.K., Jaryal, S., Sharma, S., Dhyani, A., Tewari, B.S., & Mahato, N. (2025). Biofuels from microalgae: A review on microalgae cultivation, biodiesel production techniques and storage stability. Processes, 13(2), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020488 Shen, G., Lei, S., Li, H., Yu, Q., Wu, G., Shi, Y., Xu, K., Ren, H., & Geng, J. (2023). Occurrence and removal of four artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants of China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 25(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00351A
  • Vishwakarma, R., Dhar, D.W., & Saxena, S. (2019). Influence of nutrient formulations on growth, lipid yield, carbon partitioning and biodiesel quality potential of Botryococcus sp. and Chlorella sp. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(8), 7589–7600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04213-2
  • Wawryk, N.J.P., Huang, G., Craven, C., Qiu, J., Jmaiff Blackstock, L.K., & Li, X.-F. (2023). Aspartame-sweetened tap water: transformation products and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone formation. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(3), 1332–1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07156
  • Xu, L., Cheng, X., & Wang, Q. (2018). Enhanced lipid production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by co-culturing with Azotobacter chroococcum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00741
  • Yang, L., Chen, J., Qin, S., Zeng, M., Jiang, Y., Hu, L., Xiao, P., Hao, W., Hu, Z., Lei, A., & Wang, J. (2018). Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1041-z
  • Yusuf, N., Athirah, N.M., & A.S. (2022). Antioxidative responses of Chlorella vulgaris under different growth phases. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 17(3), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.692

Determination of changes in biodiesel production by Gloeocystis vesiculosa cultured in wastewater with the artificial sweetener aspartame and its metabolites

Year 2026, Issue: Advanced Online Publication, 78 - 89, 16.03.2026

Melih Onay

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26008
https://izlik.org/JA86HY88DN

Abstract

Microalgae can grow and form biomass in wastewater to produce various end products. In this study, the biomass, lipid content, and lipid yield changes of Gloeocystis vesiculosa cultured in wastewater containing different concentrations of the artificial sweetener APM and its metabolites DKP and PHE were evaluated. The highest biomass amount was 1080 ± 20 mg/L at 250 mg/L of DKP. Conversely, the highest lipid percentage was 31 ± 2% at 250 mg/L APM. There was no significant difference in lipid yield due to the lower biomass content relative to the higher lipid percentages. APM acts as a stress trigger. In addition, the antioxidant enzyme activities of Gloeocystis vesiculosa in wastewater with artificial sweeteners were determined. At 250 mg/L APM, the highest levels of SOD, CAT, APX, and MDA activity were 91 ± 4 U/mg protein, 78 ± 4 U/mg protein, 18 ± 2 U/mg protein, and 3.9 ± 0.2 nmol/mg protein. Future studies using a large-scale photobioreactor will investigate the effects of Gloeocystis vesiculosa on biodiesel production and wastewater treatment in wastewater contaminated with APM, DKP, and PHE.

Keywords

Biodiesel Gloeocystis vesiculosa Aspartame Wastewater Antioxidant activity

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that this study does not involve experiments with human or animal subjects, and therefore, ethics committee approval is not required.

References

  • Abiusi, F., Trompetter, E., Hoenink, H., Wijffels, R.H., & Janssen, M. (2021). Autotrophic and mixotrophic biomass production of the acidophilic Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF 64. Algal Research, 60, 102513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102513
  • Al-Badri, S.G. (2021). Bioethanol Production from Gloeocystis vesiculosa in Synthetic Wastewater. Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, M. Sc Thesis, Van, Türkiye.
  • Ameri, M., Baron-Sola, A., Khavari-Nejad, R. A., Soltani, N., Najafi, F., Bagheri, A., Martínez, F., & Hernández, L. E. (2020). Aluminium triggers oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Journal of Plant Physiology, 246–247, 153114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153114
  • Capek, L., Uhliariková, I., Košťálová, Z., Hindáková, A., & Capek, P. (2023). Structural properties of the extracellular biopolymer (β-D-xylo-α-D-mannan) produced by the green microalga Gloeocystis vesiculosa Nägeli. Carbohydrate Research, 525, 108766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2023.108766
  • Çeliktaş, M.O. (2020). Düz-Panel Hava Kaldırmalı Fotobiyoreaktörün Tasarımı ve Çeşitli Dalgaboylarında LED Işık ile Mikroalglerden Yüksek Biyodizel Üretimi. Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Environmental Engineering, M. Sc Thesis, Van, Türkiye
  • Choudhary, M., Jetley, U. K., Abash Khan, M., Zutshi, S., & Fatma, T. (2007). Effect of heavy metal stress on proline, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase activity in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis-S5. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66(2), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.02.002
  • Dias, R.R., Deprá, M.C., De Menezes, C.R., Zepka, L.Q., & Jacob-Lopes, E. (2025). Microalgae cultivation in wastewater: How realistic is this approach for value-added product production? Processes, 13(7), 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072052
  • Duan, Y., Guo, X., Yang, J., Zhang, M., & Li, Y. (2020). Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations. Royal Society Open Science, 7(1), 191214. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191214
  • Fal, S., Aasfar, A., Rabie, R., Smouni, A., & Arroussi, H. El. (2022). Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Heliyon, 8(1), e08811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08811
  • Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G.H.S. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226(1), 497–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
  • Gao, G., Wu, M., Fu, Q., Li, X., & Xu, J. (2019). A two-stage model with nitrogen and silicon limitation enhances lipid productivity and biodiesel features of the marine bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. Bioresource Technology, 289, 121717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121717
  • Geng, Y., Shaukat, A., Azhar, W., Raza, Q.-U.-A., Tahir, A., Abideen, M. Z. U., Zia, M. A. B., Bashir, M. A., & Rehim, A. (2025). Microalgal biorefineries: A systematic review of technological trade-offs and innovation pathways. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, 18(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02694-7
  • Hamed, S.M., Zinta, G., Klöck, G., Asard, H., Selim, S., & AbdElgawad, H. (2017). Zinc-induced differential oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus acuminatus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 140, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.055
  • Ismaiel, M.M.S., & Piercey-Normore, M.D. (2023). Antioxidant enzymes of Pseudochlorella pringsheimii under two stressors: Variation of SOD isoforms activity. Journal of Plant Research, 136(5), 755–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-023-01473-5
  • Jeffers, T.L., McCombs, R., Schmollinger, S., Tirumani, S., Upadhyaya, S., Merchant, S.S., Niyogi, K.K., & Roth, M.S. (2025). An algal nutrient‐replete, optimized medium for fast growth and high triacylglycerol accumulation. Plant Direct, 9(9), e70106. https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70106
  • Kuo, E.Y., Cai, M.-S., & Lee, T.-M. (2020). Ascorbate peroxidase 4 plays a role in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to photo-oxidative stress. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13287. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70247-z
  • Li, X., Yang, C., Zeng, G., Wu, S., Lin, Y., Zhou, Q., Lou, W., Du, C., Nie, L., & Zhong, Y. (2020). Nutrient removal from swine wastewater with growing microalgae at various zinc concentrations. Algal Research, 46, 101804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.101804
  • Maltsev, Y., Kulikovskiy, M., & Maltseva, S. (2023). Nitrogen and phosphorus stress as a tool to induce lipid production in microalgae. Microbial Cell Factories, 22(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-023-02244-6
  • Mihiraj, R.A.I.S., Abinayan, I., Madhusanka, H.G.D., Ketheesan, B., & Sivakanthan, S. (2022). Enhancement of lipid yield in Chlorella sp. under different stress conditions for the production of biodiesel. Journal of Dry Zone Agriculture, 8(2), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.4038/jdza.v8i2.62
  • Morales-Sánchez, D., Tinoco-Valencia, R., Kyndt, J., & Martínez, A. (2013). Heterotrophic growth of Neochloris oleoabundans using glucose as a carbon source. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-100
  • Muhetaer, G., Jayasanka, S., & Fujino, T. (2020). Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of Phormidium ambiguum and Microcystis aeruginosa under diurnally varying light conditions. Microorganisms, 8(6), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060890
  • Nur, M.M.A., & Buma, A.G.J. (2019). Opportunities and challenges of microalgal cultivation on wastewater, with special focus on palm oil mill effluent and the production of high value compounds. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10(8), 2079–2097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0256-3
  • Oğuz, A., Köker, L., Özbayram, E.G., Akcaalan, R., & Albay, M. (2024). Biodiesel production from Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorella vulgaris: Assessment of nitrogen deficiency on lipid, fame yield and biodiesel properties. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 15(5), 2757–2768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02359-2
  • Onay, M. (2020). Biomass and bio-butanol production from Borodinellopsis texensis CCALA 892 in synthetic wastewater: determination of biochemical composition. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.573432
  • Onay, M., & Ayas, Z.S. (2024). Coproduction of biofuel and pigments from Micractinium sp. using UV-induced mutagenesis and adding abscisic acid and salicylic acid for biorefinery concepts. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(6), 7929–7944. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08531-z
  • Onay, M., Sonmez, C., Oktem, H.A., & Yucel, A.M. (2014). Thermo-resistant green microalgae for effective biodiesel production: Isolation and characterization of unialgal species from geothermal flora of central Anatolia. Bioresource Technology, 169, 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.078
  • Qiu, C., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhou, G.-J., & Bi, Y. (2022). Response of antioxidant enzyme activities of the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. AZHB to Cu2+ and Cd2+ Stress. Sustainability, 14(16), 10320. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610320
  • Sabatini, S.E., Juárez, Á.B., Eppis, M.R., Bianchi, L., Luquet, C.M., & Ríos De Molina, M.D.C. (2009). Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in two green microalgae exposed to copper. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(4), 1200–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.01.003
  • Salgado, E.M., Esteves, A.F., Gonçalves, A.L., & Pires, J.C.M. (2023). Microalgal cultures for the remediation of wastewaters with different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios: Process modelling using artificial neural networks. Environmental Research, 231, 116076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116076
  • Satpati, G.G., Chandra Gorain, P., Paul, I., & Pal, R. (2016). An integrated salinity-driven workflow for rapid lipid enhancement in green microalgae for biodiesel application. RSC Advances, 6(113), 112340–112355. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA23933A
  • Serrano, G., Miranda-Ostojic, C., Ferrada, P., Wulff-Zotelle, C., Maureira, A., Fuentealba, E., Gallardo, K., Zapata, M., & Rivas, M. (2021). Response to static magnetic field-induced stress in Scenedesmus obliquus and Nannochloropsis gaditana. Marine Drugs, 19(9), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19090527
  • Sharma, A.K., Jaryal, S., Sharma, S., Dhyani, A., Tewari, B.S., & Mahato, N. (2025). Biofuels from microalgae: A review on microalgae cultivation, biodiesel production techniques and storage stability. Processes, 13(2), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020488 Shen, G., Lei, S., Li, H., Yu, Q., Wu, G., Shi, Y., Xu, K., Ren, H., & Geng, J. (2023). Occurrence and removal of four artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants of China. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 25(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00351A
  • Vishwakarma, R., Dhar, D.W., & Saxena, S. (2019). Influence of nutrient formulations on growth, lipid yield, carbon partitioning and biodiesel quality potential of Botryococcus sp. and Chlorella sp. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(8), 7589–7600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04213-2
  • Wawryk, N.J.P., Huang, G., Craven, C., Qiu, J., Jmaiff Blackstock, L.K., & Li, X.-F. (2023). Aspartame-sweetened tap water: transformation products and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone formation. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(3), 1332–1341. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07156
  • Xu, L., Cheng, X., & Wang, Q. (2018). Enhanced lipid production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by co-culturing with Azotobacter chroococcum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00741
  • Yang, L., Chen, J., Qin, S., Zeng, M., Jiang, Y., Hu, L., Xiao, P., Hao, W., Hu, Z., Lei, A., & Wang, J. (2018). Growth and lipid accumulation by different nutrients in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1041-z
  • Yusuf, N., Athirah, N.M., & A.S. (2022). Antioxidative responses of Chlorella vulgaris under different growth phases. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 17(3), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.692
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Water Quality and Water Pollution
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Melih Onay 0000-0002-9378-0856

Submission Date October 31, 2025
Acceptance Date January 21, 2026
Early Pub Date March 16, 2026
Publication Date March 16, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26008
IZ https://izlik.org/JA86HY88DN
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: Advanced Online Publication

Cite

APA Onay, M. (2026). Determination of changes in biodiesel production by Gloeocystis vesiculosa cultured in wastewater with the artificial sweetener aspartame and its metabolites. Aquatic Research, Advanced Online Publication, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR26008

Aim & Scope

   The journal “AQUATIC RESEARCH” is an international, scientific, open access journal published in accordance with the principles of independent, impartial and double-blind refereeing. The journal is published quarterly in January, April, July, and October to contribute to the literature by publishing articles at the highest scientific level in all fields of aquatic sciences. The publication language of the journal is English or Turkish, and it has been published since 2018.

     The journal publishes original research and review articles prepared in accordance with ethical rules.

The publication of the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal are not limited to these; Aquatic Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Environment and Pollutants, Aquaculture, Conservation and Management of Aquatic Source, Economics and Managements of Fisheries, Fish Diseases and Health, Fisheries Resources and Management, Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, Limnology, Maritime Sciences, Marine Accidents, Marine Navigation and Safety, Marine and Coastal Ecology, Oceanography, Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Seafood Safety Systems, Sustainability in Marine and Freshwater Systems etc. covers topics. The target audience of the journal consists of experts and professionals working and interested in all disciplines of aquatic sciences.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles. Statements or opinions expressed in articles published in the journal reflect the views of the author(s), not the views of the editors, editorial board and/or publisher; The editors, editorial board, and publisher do not accept any responsibility or liability for such materials.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark (https://dergipark.org.tr) which serves as a national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to collect, preserve, and serve the content. All expenses of the journal are covered by the ScientificWebJournals web portal.

In addition, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives that comply with Open Archive Initiative (https://www.openarchives.org/) standards. Authors should provide a link from the stored version to the journal website URL.

Editor in Chief: Prof. Dr. Özkan Özden

Address: Istanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Kalenderhane Mah. 16 Mart Şehitleri Cad. No:2 34134 Vezneciler Fatih/Istanbul, Türkiye

E-mail: ozden@istanbul.edu.tr 


Header photos (web and others) from Ferhan Coşkun, Türkiye

E.mail: fcoskun@gmail.com

Instagram: instagram.com/exultsoul

Article evaluation and submission rules for reviewers and authors are given in the link below.


https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/26282 

The journal “AQUATIC RESEARCH” adheres to the highest standards of publishing ethics guided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Council of Science Editors (CSE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), Open Access Scholarly and Publishers Association (OASPA), and  Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Authors must comply with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involv-ing Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora for research involving plants.

Manuscripts submitted should align with the journal's purpose and scope and must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere. Changes to authorship (name, order, additions) require written consent from all declared authors.

The following actions constitute unethical behavior and result in rejection or retraction: plagiarism, duplication, false authorship, data fabrication, slicing, copyright infringement, and undisclosed conflicts of interest. 

Journal Responsibilities
The "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal is committed to preventing publication malpractice. Submitted works must represent original contributions free from plagiarism. Authors must disclose actual or potential conflicts of interest. The journal ensures objective and fair double-blind peer-review to prevent conflicts between editorial staff, reviewers, and authors
The journal provides an open platform for public discussion requiring registration for accountability. Reviewer identities remain confidential unless explicitly disclosed to the editors.
Publication Decisions
The editor of the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journals is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.
The journal submission and publication process involves manuscript submission, ethical checks, double-blind peer review, editorial decision-making (including potential conflict resolution), typesetting, author review, DOI assignment, online publication, and archiving, as detailed in the workflow diagram below.
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Fair Play
An editor at any time evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regarding race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.
Research Ethics
An approval of research protocols by the Ethics Committee in accordance with international agreements (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects,” amended in October 2013, www.wma.net) is required for experimental, clinical, and drug studies. If required, ethics committee reports or an equivalent official document will be requested from the authors.
For manuscripts concerning experimental research on humans, a statement should be included that shows the written informed consent of patients and volunteers was obtained following a detailed explanation of the procedures that they may undergo. Information on patient consent, the name of the ethics committee, and the ethics committee approval number should also be stated in the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript. It is the authors’ responsibility to carefully protect the patients’ anonymity. For photographs that may reveal the identity of the patients, signed releases of the patient or of their legal representative should be enclosed.
“AQUATIC RESEARCH” journal requires experimental research studies on vertebrates or any regulated invertebrates to comply with relevant institutional, national and/or international guidelines. The journal supports the principles of the Basel Declaration (https://animalresearchtomorrow.org/en) and the guidelines published by the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) (https://iclas.org/). Authors are advised to clearly state their compliance with relevant guidelines.
This journal advises authors to comply with IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora for research involving plants.
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools
Our journal adheres to international standards of publication ethics and requires complete transparency regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot, etc.) during manuscript preparation.
Disclosure Requirement: Authors must disclose the use of any AI tool in the manuscript, specifying the name of the tool, the stage(s) at which it was used, and its purpose. This text should be included in the "Disclosure". Authors must affirm that all scientific content is their own and that they retain full responsibility for any material generated with the assistance of AI tools.
Content Limitation: The use of AI tools must remain supplementary. If the proportion of AI-generated text content exceeds 20% of the total manuscript, the submission will be considered ineligible for review and rejected on ethical grounds.
Responsibility: AI tools cannot be listed as authors. All named authors are solely accountable for the content of the submission, including any material produced with AI assistance. Failure to disclose the use of AI tools or excessive reliance on them will be considered a breach of publication ethics.
Plagiarism
Submitted manuscripts that pass preflight are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. Authors will be notified if plagiarism/self-plagiarism is detected. Editors can resubmit the article for any peer-review or similarity check during production, if necessary. High similarity scores can cause an article to be rejected before or even after it is accepted. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity scores from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 20%.
Double-Blind Referee Evaluation
After the plagiarism check, the appropriate ones are evaluated by the editors in terms of originality, methodology, importance of the subject and suitability to the scope of the journal. The editor directs the submitted articles to a fair double-blind peer-review (submits the articles that comply with official rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation) and gives approval by managing the processes for publication after they are modified by the authors in accordance with the referees' rules.
Open Access Statement
The journal is an open access journal and all its content is freely available to the user or institution. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, print, search or link the full texts of articles in this journal without prior permission from the publisher or author. This conforms to Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) 's definition of open access.
Open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Article Processing Fee
All journal processes are free of charge. No article processing fee, submission fee or publication fee is charged for submitted or accepted articles.
Copyright Notice
Authors publishing with the journal retain copyright to their work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and Publisher retains the exclusive right to publish the work. The CC BY 4.0 license permits unlimited distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
The copyright of any open access article in the "AQUATIC RESEARCH" journal published on the "ScientificWebJournals" web portal hosted by "DergiPark" belongs to the author(s).
Correction, Withdrawal, Expression of Concern
If minor errors are detected that do not affect the results, comments and conclusions of the published article, the editor accepts the correction. If major errors and/or abuses are detected by the editor, which invalidates the results and conclusions, their withdrawal is considered.
If there is evidence of research or publication abuse by the authors, there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions did not investigate the incident, or the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. The editor should consider issuing a statement of concern.
COPE and ICJME guidelines are considered regarding correction, withdrawal or expression of concern.
Archiving Policy
To preserve and permanently access all articles published in the journal "Aquatic Research", the papers are nationally archived under the name Dergipark (https://dergipark.org) by TÜBİTAK Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBİM) affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Technology of Türkiye. It is stored with a system established for journal publishing activities that allow LOCKSS to collect, preserve and present the content.
Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (https://www.openarchives.org/). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of journal website.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Citation Indexes

TR Dizin
Scopus

Other Indexes

Zoological Record

Sorumlu Editör

Özkan Özden
Özkan ÖZDEN
Food Properties, Food Engineering, Food Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies

Sorumlu Editör Yardımcısı

Nuray Erkan
Nuray ERKAN
Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Food Sciences, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology

Language Editors

Gökhan Tunçelli
Gökhan TUNÇELLİ
Fish Breeding, Pisciculture, Shellfish Culture, Fisheries Technologies, Aquaculture

Ethics Editor

Şafak Ulusoy
Şafak ULUSOY
Aquatic Toxicology , Food Consumption, Fermentation Technology, Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Microbiology, Food Technology, Drying Technologies, Fisheries Technologies

Editörler Kurulu

Albert Ukaro Ofuoku
Albert Ukaro OFUOKU
Agricultural Extension and Communication
Erhan Mutlu
Erhan MUTLU
Ecology, Oceanography
Murat Yiğit
Murat YİĞİT
Ecological Applications, Water Quality and Water Pollution, Surface Water Quality Processes and Contaminated Sediment Assessment, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Pisciculture, Farm Enterprises, Agribusiness
Default avatar
Jualang Azlan GANSAU
Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture
Emine Gözde Özbayram
Emine Gözde ÖZBAYRAM
Microbiology, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology Diagnostics (Incl. Biosensors), Water Quality and Water Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy Resources
Default avatar
Eltjon HALİMİ
Entomology, Invertebrate Biology
Ulfert Focken
Ulfert FOCKEN
Pisciculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)
Momin Momin
Momin MOMİN
Fish Biology, Fish Physiology and Genetics, Fish Breeding, Pisciculture, Aquaculture
Default avatar
Katya PEYCHEVA
Analytical Biochemistry, Environmental Assessment and Monitoring, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Aquaculture
Adrian Grozea
Adrian GROZEA
Hydrobiology, Water Quality and Water Pollution, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Pisciculture
Emre Çağlak
Emre ÇAĞLAK
Food Packaging, Preservation and Processing, Food Biotechnology, Food Safety, Traceability, Certification and Authenticity, Food Chemistry and Food Sensory Science, Food Microbiology, Post-Harvest Fisheries Technologies (Incl. Transportation), Fisheries Technologies

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is licensed under a CreativeCommons Attribtion-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence 14628   1325927040

Diamond Open Access refers to a scholarly publication model in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers.

Open Access Statement:

This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

Archiving Policy:

Archiving is done according to TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM "DergiPark" publication policy (LOCKSS).