Studies on organogenesis of Cyprinus carpio var. koi with reference to histological perspectives

Sivakumar Kandhasamy; Muthupriya Palanichamy; Meenakshi Sivalingam Valliappan; Kareem Altaff

doi:10.3153/AR25004

TR EN

Studies on organogenesis of common carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi with reference to histological perspectives

Öz

The objective of the current study was to investigate the histological characteristics of larval organogenesis in Cyprinus carpio var. koi. The eggs and several developmental stages of C. carpio var. koi larvae were preserved in Bouin's fluid. Histological examinations were conducted daily from the first day after fertilisation (DAF) to the 12th DAF and the 16th, 24th, 32nd, and 40th DAF. Histological examinations of C. carpio var. koi eggs revealed the development of an embryonic disc, followed by the formation of the neural tube and embryonic eyes on the second day after fertilisation (DAF). The just-emerged larvae have distinct eyes and a neural tube that has undergone differentiation into the brain. Following that, an examination was conducted on the development of the digestive system, swim bladder, gills, skin, and fins. The ontogeny developments were categorised into five distinct stages. During larval development, the initial two stages have exhibited variations in their organogenesis. The larvae head was aligned and devoid of the yolk, but their body was connected to the yolk sac and gill arches, which were visible between the 3rd and 5th days after fertilisation (DAF), and their total length range was 4.35-6.83mm. The digestive system had a linear configuration, with an enlargement in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the body on the ninth day after fertilisation (DAF). During the 10th to 17th developmental stages, larvae have a total length range of 11.23-14.35mm. The operculum, gill lamella, and dorsal fin were developed in this stage. Between the 24th and 40th days after fertilisation (DAF), the larvae acquired a fin, a coiled gut, and well-developed accessory glands and their total length was measured between 15.01 and 23.68mm.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Studies on organogenesis of Cyprinus carpio var. koi with reference to histological perspectives

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to investigate the histological characteristics of larval organogenesis in Cyprinus carpio var. koi. The eggs and several developmental stages of C. carpio var. koi larvae were preserved in Bouin's fluid. Histological examinations were conducted daily from the first day after fertilisation (DAF) to the 12th DAF and the 16th, 24th, 32nd, and 40th DAF. Histological examinations of C. carpio var. koi eggs revealed the development of an embryonic disc, followed by the formation of the neural tube and embryonic eyes on the second day after fertilisation (DAF). The just-emerged larvae have distinct eyes and a neural tube that has undergone differentiation into the brain. Following that, an examination was conducted on the development of the digestive system, swim bladder, gills, skin, and fins. The ontogeny developments were categorised into five distinct stages. During larval development, the initial two stages have exhibited variations in their organogenesis. The larvae head was aligned and devoid of the yolk, but their body was connected to the yolk sac and gill arches, which were visible between the 3rd and 5th days after fertilisation (DAF), and their total length range was 4.35-6.83mm. The digestive system had a linear configuration, with an enlargement in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the body on the ninth day after fertilisation (DAF). During the 10th to 17th developmental stages, larvae have a total length range of 11.23-14.35mm. The operculum, gill lamella, and dorsal fin were developed in this stage. Between the 24th and 40th days after fertilisation (DAF), the larvae acquired a fin, a coiled gut, and well-developed accessory glands and their total length was measured between 15.01 and 23.68mm.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology & The New College

Ethical Statement

The experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations established by the Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CCSEA), Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India and the experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu, India) (No: 181GO/ERE/S/15/CPCSEA dated 04.12.2018).

Thanks

We would like to the Managements, the Principals of Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu – 603308 and The New College, Chennai - 600014 for providing laboratory facilities to complete the work.

References

Adamek, M., Oschilewski, A., Wohlsein, P., Jung‐Schroers, V., Teitge, F., Dawson, A., Gela, D., Piackova, V., Kocour, M., Adamek, J., Bergmann, S.V., Steinhagen, D. (2017). Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture. Veterinary Research, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0416-7
Behrouz, A., Moghadam, M., Rezaei, S., Abbasi, H. (2014). Larval organogenesis of Schizothorax zarudnyi (Nikolskii, 1897) (Cyprinidae): histological aspects. Journal of Fisheriessciences.com. https://doi.org/10.3153/jfscom.201416
Boulhic, M. and Gabaudan, J. (1992). Histological study of the organogenesis of the digestive system and swim bladder of the dover sole, Solea solea (Linnaeus 1758). Aquaculture, 102(4), 373-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90190-v
Burggren, W. and Pinder, A. (1991). Ontogeny of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology in lower vertebrates. Annual Review of Physiology, 53(1), 107-135. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.53.030191.000543
Cajado, R., Oliveira, L., Silva, F., Zacardi, D. (2021). Early development of the neotropical fish known as long sardine Triportheus auratus (Valenciennes 1850) (Characiformes, Triportheidae). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37(5), 759-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14228
China, V. and Holzman, R. (2014). Hydrodynamic starvation in first-feeding larval fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(22), 8083-8088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323205111
Du, S., Devoto, S., Westerfield, M., Moon, R. (1997). Positive and negative regulation of muscle cell identity by members of the hedgehog and TGF-β gene families. The Journal of Cell Biology, 139(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.1.145
Duester, G. (2022). Towards a better vision of retinoic acid signaling during eye development. Cells, 11(3), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030322

Grimaldi, A., Tettamanti, G., Martin, B., Gaffield, W., Pownall, M., Hughes, S. (2004). Hedgehog regulation of superficial slow muscle fibres inxenopusand the evolution of tetrapod trunk myogenesis. Development, 131(14), 3249-3262. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01194
Jonz, M. and Nurse, C. (2003). Neuroepithelial cells and associated innervation of the zebrafish gill: a confocal immunofluorescence study. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 461(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.10680
Jonz, M. and Nurse, C. (2005). Development of oxygen sensing in the gills of zebrafish. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208(8), 1537-1549. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01564
Leis, J. (2007). Behaviour as input for modelling dispersal of fish larvae: behaviour, biogeography, hydrodynamics, ontogeny, physiology and phylogeny meet hydrography. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 347, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps06977
Liu, W. and Cvekl, A. (2017). Six3 in a small population of progenitors at E8.5 is required for neuroretinal specification via regulating cell signaling and survival in mice. Developmental Biology, 428(1), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.026
Ługowska, K. and Kondera, E. (2018). Early development of vimba (Vimba vimba) at different temperatures and temperature-related anomalies. Aquaculture Research, 49(6), 2336-2344. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13670
Luo, G., Hofmann, C., Bronckers, A., Bradley, A., Karsenty, G. (1995). BMP-7 is an inducer of nephrogenesis, and is also required for eye development and skeletal patterning. Genes Development, 9(22), 2808-2820. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.9.22.2808
Martins, M.L., Cardoso, L., Furtado, W., Tancredo, K.R. (2018) Histopathology guide for freshwater fish. Editora UFSC, Florianopolis
Milan, D., Jones, I., Ellinor, P., MacRae, C. (2006). In vivo recording of adult zebrafish electrocardiogram and assessment of drug-induced QT prolongation. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 291(1), H269-H273. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00960.2005
Miquerol, L. and Kelly, R. (2012). Organogenesis of the vertebrate heart. Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology, 2(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.68
Mohale. H.P., Sarang, N., Desai, A.Y. (2020) The common carp and its culture systeme management. Academia Publications, Delhi.
Morcillo, J., Martı́nez-Morales, J., Trousse, F., Fermin, Y., Sowden, J., Bovolenta, P. (2006). Proper patterning of the optic fissure requires the sequential activity of BMP7 and SHH. Development, 133(16), 3179-3190. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.02493
Muthupriya, P., Sivakumar, K., Altaff, K. (2022). The Early Organogenesis of Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae): A Histological Perspectives. International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 8(1), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.025
Nebeker, A., Savonen, C., Stevens, D. (1985). Sensitivity of rainbow trout early life stages to nickel chloride. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 4(2), 233. https://doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1985)4[233:sortel]2.0.co;2
Nowlin, W., Drenner, R. (2000). Context-dependent effects of bluegill in experimental mesocosm communities. Oecologia, 122(3), 421-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050048
Qin, J., Fast, A.W. (1997). Food selection and growth of young snakehead Channa striatus. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 13, 21–25.
Ramcharitar, J., Higgs, D., Popper, A. (2006). Audition in sciaenid fishes with different swim bladder-inner ear configurations. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(1), 439-443. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2139068
Sakai, N., Insolera, R., Sillitoe, R., Shi, S., Kaprielian, Z. (2012). Axon sorting within the spinal cord marginal zone via robo-mediated inhibition of N-Cadherin controls spinocerebellar tract formation. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(44), 15377-15387. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2225-12.2012
Saltys, H., Jonz, M., Nurse, C. (2005). Comparative study of gill neuroepithelial cells and their innervation in teleosts and Xenopus tadpoles. Cell and Tissue Research, 323(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0048-5
Schulz‐Mirbach, T., Metscher, B., Ladich, F. (2012). Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities–a case study on Asian and African cichlids. Plos One, 7(8), e42292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042292
Sivakumar, K. (2005). Freshwater fish and prawn larval rearing using indigenous live-feed. PhD thesis, University of Madras. India, 1-135.
Thorsen, D., Hale, M. (2007). Neural development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) pectoral fin. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 504(2), 168-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.21425
Uemonsa, T., Sakagami, K., Yasuda, K., Araki, M. (2002). Development of dorsal–ventral polarity in the optic vesicle and its presumptive role in eye morphogenesis as shown by embryonic transplantation and in ovo explant culturing. Developmental Biology, 248(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2002.0737
Witeska, M., Sarnowski, P., Ługowska, K., Kowal, E. (2013). The effects of cadmium and copper on embryonic and larval development of ide Leuciscus idus l. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 40(1), 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-013-9832-4
Wu, G., Yang, Y., Zeng, L. (2007). Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi). Journal of Experimental Biology, 210(12), 2181-2191. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.001842
Zhou, W., Boucher, R., Bollig, F., Englert, C., Hildebrandt, F. (2010). Characterization of mesonephric development and regeneration using transgenic zebrafish. American Journal Physiology Renal Physiology, 299(5), F1040-F1047. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00394.2010
Zimmer, A., Wright, P., Wood, C. (2017). Ammonia and urea handling by early life stages of fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology, 220(21), 3843-3855. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140210

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fish Anatomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sivakumar Kandhasamy ^*
0000-0001-8971-869X
India

Muthupriya Palanichamy
0000-0002-7859-9290
India

Meenakshi Sivalingam Valliappan
0009-0007-7714-1732
India

Kareem Altaff
0000-0001-9178-2519
India

Early Pub Date

December 11, 2024

Publication Date

January 7, 2025

Submission Date

June 17, 2024

Acceptance Date

August 14, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR25004

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA36GN58JA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kandhasamy, S., Palanichamy, M., Sivalingam Valliappan, M., & Altaff, K. (2025). Studies on organogenesis of Cyprinus carpio var. koi with reference to histological perspectives. Aquatic Research, 8(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR25004