Research Article
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Year 2021, , 214 - 232, 01.07.2021

Fatih Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21017

Abstract

References

  • Akten, N. (2006). Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 12, 269-304.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2014). Tarihin en büyük deniz kazaları. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/tarihin-en-buyuk-deniz-kazalari/166396 (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Arslan, Ö., Turan, O. (2009). Analytical investigation of marine casualties at the Strait of Istanbul with SWOT–AHP method. Maritime Policy & Management, 36(2), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830902868081 Çakır, E., Kamal, B. (2020). İstanbul Boğazı’ndaki ticari gemi kazalarının karar ağacı yöntemiyle analizi. Aquatic Research, 4(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21002
  • Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü (DGM) (2020). Denizcilik istatistikleri (gemi istatistikleri). Retrieved from https://atlantis.udhb.gov.tr/istatistik/istatistik_gemi.aspx (accessed 26.12.2020).
  • Deniz Kaza ve Olaylarını İnceleme Yönetmeliği / Regulation for Investigation of Marine Accidents and Incidents (2019). Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/11/20191127-1.htm (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Ece, N.J. (2011). Tarihe geçen deniz kazaları. Retrieved from https://www.denizhaber.com/deniz-tv/tarihe-gecen-deniz-kazalari-h24811.html (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Ece, N.J. (2012). Analysis of ship accidents in the Strait of Istanbul. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 1-25.
  • Ece, N.J. (2019). Analysis of marine accidents in the strait of Istanbul using qualitative & quantative methods. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Ellis, J. (2011). Analysis of accidents and incidents occurring during transport of packaged dangerous goods by sea. Safety Science, 49(8), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.04.004
  • Erol, S., Başar, E. (2015). The analysis of ship accident occurred in Turkish search and rescue area by using decision tree. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(4), 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2013.870357
  • Gemiadamları ve Kılavuz Kaptanlar Yönetmeliği /Regulation for Seafarers and Pilots (2018). Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/02/20180210-9.htm (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2008). Res. MSC.255(84) on Casualty Investigation Code (2008). Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Documents/Res.%20MSC.255(84)%20Casualty%20Iinvestigation%20Code.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2020a). Casualties. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Pages/Default.aspx (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2020b). The International Safety Management (ISM) Code. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Pages/Default.aspx (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2012). Fire Risk Management. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_194781.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • ISM Code. (2010). Retrieved from https://maddenmaritime.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/ism-code.pdf (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • İstikbal, C. (2020). Strait of Istanbul, major accidents and abolishment of left-hand side navigation. Aquatic Research, 3(1), 40-65. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR20005
  • Kozanhan, M.K. (2019). Maritime tanker accidents and their impact on marine environment. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, XXII(1), 324-342. https://doi.org/10.21279/1454-864X-19-I1-047
  • Krystosik-Gromadzińska, A. (2016). Engine room fire safety. Scientific Journals Zeszyty, 47(119), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.17402/145
  • Lindgren, K., Sosnowski, M. (2009). Safety assessment for oil tankers and container vessels focused on fire and explosion in the machinery space. Retrieved from http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1689197&fileOId=1765188 (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center / Ana Arama ve Kurtarma Koordinasyon Merkezi (MSRCC/ AAKKM) (2020). Kaza/olay istatistikleri. Retrieved from https://aakkm.uab.gov.tr/kaza-olay-istatistikleri (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • MEPC.7/Circ.8 (2013). Retrieved from https://www.amsa.gov.au/sites/default/files/imo-msc-mpec-7-circ-8-_revised-guidelines-for-the-operational-implementation-of-the-ism-code-by-companies.pdf (accessed 25.06.2020).
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) (2016). Denizcilik yangın önleme ve yangınla mücadele temel eğitimi. Retrieved from http://megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program_modul/moduller_pdf/Yang%C4%B1n%20%C3%96nleme%20Ve%20Yang%C4%B1nla%20M%C3%BCcadele.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Park, B. S., Kang, I.-K., Ham, S.-J., Park, C.-W., Kim, S.-H., Cho, H.-K. (2016). The main factor and counterplan for marine casualties of fishing vessel according to the type of fishing gear in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 52(3), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.3796/KSFT.2016.52.3.232
  • Rothblum, A.M. (2020). Human error and marine safety. Retrieved from http://www.bowles-langley.com/wp-content/files_mf/humanerrorandmarinesafety26.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Silva, S.R.F. (2016). Analysis of maritime fire and explosion accidents. Retrieved from https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/281870113703439/Resumo.pdf (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • Transportation Safety Investigation Center/Ulaşım Emniyeti İnceleme Merkezi (TSIC/UEİM). (2020a). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu / Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.41/DNZ-07/2020). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/kaza-inceleme-raporu-syn-zania.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2020b). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/ Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.29/DNZ-04/2020). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/medsun-rapor.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2018). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.DNZ-04/2018). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/habas-5d974d598549e.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2015). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.08/2015). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/retaj.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2014). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.01/2014). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/tibil.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • Uğurlu, Ö. (2016). Analysis of fire and explosion accidents occurring in tankers transporting hazardous cargoes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.06.006
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Başar, E., Köse, E. (2012). Risk analysis of the fire and explosion accidents in oil tankers. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285311336_Risk_Analysis_Of_The_Fire_And_Explosion_Accidents_In_Oil_Tankers (accessed 25.12.2020). Uluslararası Emniyet Yönetimi Kodunun Türk Bayraklı Gemilere ve İşletmecilerine Uygulanmasına Dair Yönetmelik (2009). Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=13509&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • United Kingdom (UK) Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations (2012). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1743/regulation/3/made (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2020). Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • USCG Research and Development Center (1998). Investigation of fuel oil/lube oil spray fires on board vessels, Springfield VA, USA: National Technical Information Service. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a361049.pdf (accessed 26.12.2020).
  • Yılmaz, F., İlhan, M.N. (2018). Türk Bayraklı Gemilerin Karıştığı Deniz Kazaları ve Denizcilere Etkilerine İlişkin Bir Analiz. Gemi ve Deniz Teknolojisi Dergisi, 211, 78-93.
  • You, J., Chung, Y. (2015). Study on the ship fire analysis according to explosion hazard. Fire Science Engineering, 29(1), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2015.29.1.080

Analysis of shipboard fire/explosion accidents occurred in the Turkish search and rescue area

Year 2021, , 214 - 232, 01.07.2021

Fatih Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21017

Abstract

A shipboard fire/explosion may be occurred due to various causal factors such as actions, omissions, events or conditions. In this study, it is aimed to carry out an analysis focused on shipboard fire/explosion casualties. With this aim, the data on 127 shipboard fire/explosion casualties occurred in the Turkish Search and Rescue area, which were reported to the Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center between 2006-2015, have been analyzed. As a result of the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics), it has been observed that majority of the shipboard fire/explosion casualties were occurred on-board the Turkish flagged ships, on-board small passenger vessels/recreational vessels/private-commercial yachts among the classified ship types, in the regions of İstanbul, İzmir and Çanakkale, in the summer season, during the night-time, and in machinery spaces of the ships by described locations. It has been also observed that main events caused shipboard fires/explosion casualties were electricity contact/leakage, gas accumulation/leakage, cargo ignition, welding/hot works and other undescribed factors. Additionally, by examining the existing shipboard fire & explosion accident investigation reports of Transportation Safety Investigation Center between 2014-2020, it has been observed that the main possible causal/contributing factors for the shipboard fire/explosion casualties were related with the violations of the ISM-Safety Management System (SMS) requirements. Many previous studies in the relevant literature point out to the ISM/SMS-related causal/contributing factors as well. In conclusion, special attention should be paid to the effective implementation and continuous improvement of the ISM/SMS procedures related with shipboard fire safety for the prevention of shipboard fire/explosion casualties as well.

Keywords

Marine Casualties Shipboard Fire/Explosion Maritime Safety Accident Analysis Safety Management

References

  • Akten, N. (2006). Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 12, 269-304.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (AA). (2014). Tarihin en büyük deniz kazaları. Retrieved from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/tarihin-en-buyuk-deniz-kazalari/166396 (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Arslan, Ö., Turan, O. (2009). Analytical investigation of marine casualties at the Strait of Istanbul with SWOT–AHP method. Maritime Policy & Management, 36(2), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830902868081 Çakır, E., Kamal, B. (2020). İstanbul Boğazı’ndaki ticari gemi kazalarının karar ağacı yöntemiyle analizi. Aquatic Research, 4(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21002
  • Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü (DGM) (2020). Denizcilik istatistikleri (gemi istatistikleri). Retrieved from https://atlantis.udhb.gov.tr/istatistik/istatistik_gemi.aspx (accessed 26.12.2020).
  • Deniz Kaza ve Olaylarını İnceleme Yönetmeliği / Regulation for Investigation of Marine Accidents and Incidents (2019). Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/11/20191127-1.htm (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Ece, N.J. (2011). Tarihe geçen deniz kazaları. Retrieved from https://www.denizhaber.com/deniz-tv/tarihe-gecen-deniz-kazalari-h24811.html (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Ece, N.J. (2012). Analysis of ship accidents in the Strait of Istanbul. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 1-25.
  • Ece, N.J. (2019). Analysis of marine accidents in the strait of Istanbul using qualitative & quantative methods. Mersin University Journal of Maritime Faculty, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Ellis, J. (2011). Analysis of accidents and incidents occurring during transport of packaged dangerous goods by sea. Safety Science, 49(8), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.04.004
  • Erol, S., Başar, E. (2015). The analysis of ship accident occurred in Turkish search and rescue area by using decision tree. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(4), 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2013.870357
  • Gemiadamları ve Kılavuz Kaptanlar Yönetmeliği /Regulation for Seafarers and Pilots (2018). Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/02/20180210-9.htm (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2008). Res. MSC.255(84) on Casualty Investigation Code (2008). Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Documents/Res.%20MSC.255(84)%20Casualty%20Iinvestigation%20Code.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2020a). Casualties. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Pages/Default.aspx (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) (2020b). The International Safety Management (ISM) Code. Retrieved from http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/MSAS/Casualties/Pages/Default.aspx (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2012). Fire Risk Management. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/publication/wcms_194781.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • ISM Code. (2010). Retrieved from https://maddenmaritime.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/ism-code.pdf (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • İstikbal, C. (2020). Strait of Istanbul, major accidents and abolishment of left-hand side navigation. Aquatic Research, 3(1), 40-65. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR20005
  • Kozanhan, M.K. (2019). Maritime tanker accidents and their impact on marine environment. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, XXII(1), 324-342. https://doi.org/10.21279/1454-864X-19-I1-047
  • Krystosik-Gromadzińska, A. (2016). Engine room fire safety. Scientific Journals Zeszyty, 47(119), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.17402/145
  • Lindgren, K., Sosnowski, M. (2009). Safety assessment for oil tankers and container vessels focused on fire and explosion in the machinery space. Retrieved from http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1689197&fileOId=1765188 (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center / Ana Arama ve Kurtarma Koordinasyon Merkezi (MSRCC/ AAKKM) (2020). Kaza/olay istatistikleri. Retrieved from https://aakkm.uab.gov.tr/kaza-olay-istatistikleri (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • MEPC.7/Circ.8 (2013). Retrieved from https://www.amsa.gov.au/sites/default/files/imo-msc-mpec-7-circ-8-_revised-guidelines-for-the-operational-implementation-of-the-ism-code-by-companies.pdf (accessed 25.06.2020).
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) (2016). Denizcilik yangın önleme ve yangınla mücadele temel eğitimi. Retrieved from http://megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program_modul/moduller_pdf/Yang%C4%B1n%20%C3%96nleme%20Ve%20Yang%C4%B1nla%20M%C3%BCcadele.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Park, B. S., Kang, I.-K., Ham, S.-J., Park, C.-W., Kim, S.-H., Cho, H.-K. (2016). The main factor and counterplan for marine casualties of fishing vessel according to the type of fishing gear in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology, 52(3), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.3796/KSFT.2016.52.3.232
  • Rothblum, A.M. (2020). Human error and marine safety. Retrieved from http://www.bowles-langley.com/wp-content/files_mf/humanerrorandmarinesafety26.pdf (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • Silva, S.R.F. (2016). Analysis of maritime fire and explosion accidents. Retrieved from https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/281870113703439/Resumo.pdf (accessed 25.12.2020).
  • Transportation Safety Investigation Center/Ulaşım Emniyeti İnceleme Merkezi (TSIC/UEİM). (2020a). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu / Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.41/DNZ-07/2020). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/kaza-inceleme-raporu-syn-zania.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2020b). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/ Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.29/DNZ-04/2020). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/medsun-rapor.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2018). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.DNZ-04/2018). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/habas-5d974d598549e.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2015). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.08/2015). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/retaj.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • TSIC/UEİM (2014). Deniz Kazası İnceleme Raporu/Marine Casualty Investigation Report (No.01/2014). Retrieved from https://ulasimemniyeti.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/deniz/tibil.pdf (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • Uğurlu, Ö. (2016). Analysis of fire and explosion accidents occurring in tankers transporting hazardous cargoes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.06.006
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Başar, E., Köse, E. (2012). Risk analysis of the fire and explosion accidents in oil tankers. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285311336_Risk_Analysis_Of_The_Fire_And_Explosion_Accidents_In_Oil_Tankers (accessed 25.12.2020). Uluslararası Emniyet Yönetimi Kodunun Türk Bayraklı Gemilere ve İşletmecilerine Uygulanmasına Dair Yönetmelik (2009). Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=13509&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 (accessed 14.12.2020).
  • United Kingdom (UK) Merchant Shipping (Accident Reporting and Investigation) Regulations (2012). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1743/regulation/3/made (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2020). Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill (accessed 12.06.2020).
  • USCG Research and Development Center (1998). Investigation of fuel oil/lube oil spray fires on board vessels, Springfield VA, USA: National Technical Information Service. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a361049.pdf (accessed 26.12.2020).
  • Yılmaz, F., İlhan, M.N. (2018). Türk Bayraklı Gemilerin Karıştığı Deniz Kazaları ve Denizcilere Etkilerine İlişkin Bir Analiz. Gemi ve Deniz Teknolojisi Dergisi, 211, 78-93.
  • You, J., Chung, Y. (2015). Study on the ship fire analysis according to explosion hazard. Fire Science Engineering, 29(1), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2015.29.1.080
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Maritime Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Yılmaz 0000-0001-5652-0265

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Submission Date November 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Yılmaz, F. (2021). Analysis of shipboard fire/explosion accidents occurred in the Turkish search and rescue area. Aquatic Research, 4(3), 214-232. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21017

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