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Marmara denizi körfezlerinin baskı–etki durumu ve ötrofikasyon açısından değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, , 169 - 180, 01.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21014

Abstract

Marmara Denizi’ndeki kapalı ya da kapalı körfezlerde su kalış süresi uzun olduğundan kara kökenli kirleticiler organik madde zenginleşmesine ve sonrasında ötrofikasyona neden olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda İzmit, Gemlik, Bandırma ve Erdek Körfez’lerinde insan aktivitelerinden kaynaklı baskıların ortaya koyulabilmesi için Baskı İndeksi yöntemi kullanılmış ve bu yöntemin uygunluğu ilk kez test edilmiştir. Baskıların değerlendirmesi sonucunda İzmit, Gemlik iç ve Bandırma Körfezi üzerindeki baskıların yüksek, buna karşın Erdek ve Gemlik dış Körfez’lerindeki baskıların orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu körfezlerde gerçekleştirilen izleme çalışmalarına ait besin elementleri, klorofil-a ve seki disk verileri ötrofikasyon açısından “Kentsel Atık Suların Arıtımı Yönetmeliği Hassas ve Az Hassas Alanlar Tebliği” ve “Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği” eşik değerleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yönetmeliklere göre baskı indeks değerlerinin değerlendirmelerde farklılıklar olsa da İzmit, Gemlik iç ve Bandırma Körfez’lerinde ötrofik - hipertrofik, Erdek ve Gemlik dış Körfez’lerinde ise mezotrofik koşulların hakim olduğu saptanmıştır. Kıyı sularının yönetmeliklerce değerlendirilmesinde farklı değişkenler ve sınır değerler kullanılmasından ötürü sonuçlarda farklılıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yönetmeliklerin tek başlık altında toplanması yanında ötrofikasyon değerlendirmesine biyolojik kalite elemanlarının da dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Thanks

Bu verilerin üretilmesinde katkı sağlayan TÜBİTAK MAM ÇTÜE deniz ve iç sular grubu personeli ile R/V TÜBİTAK Marmara gemisi çalışanlarına teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Yayının düzeltme okumasını yapan Dr. Gülsima D. Usluer ve Alper Evcen’e de yardımlarından ötürü teşekkür ederim.

References

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Evaluation of Marmara Sea bays in terms of pressure-impact status and eutrophication

Year 2021, , 169 - 180, 01.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21014

Abstract

Closed or semi-enclosed bays in the Marmara Sea, which have long residence time, can be exposed to eutrophication as a result of organic matter enrichment from land-based pollutants. The Pressure Index method was tested for the first time in this study in order to reveal the pressure exerted by land-based sources on Izmit, Gemlik, Bandırma and Erdek Bays. As a result of the evaluation of the pressures, it was determined that the pressures on Izmit, Gemlik inner and Bandırma Bay were high, whereas Erdek and Gemlik Outer Bays were under moderate pressure. In terms of eutrophication, the nutrient, chlorophyll-a and secchi disk data of the monitoring studies carried out in the bays were compared with the limit values of the “Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation Sensitive” and “Less Sensitive Areas Declaration and the Surface Water Quality Regulation”. Although there are differences according to the regulations, it has been determined that Izmit, Gemlik (Inner) and Bandırma Bays have eutrophic-hypertrophic conditions, Erdek and Gemlik (Outer) Bays have mesotrophic conditions. There are differences in the results due to the use of different variables and limit values in the evaluation of coastal waters by regulations. In addition to collecting regulations under a single heading, it is recommended to include biological quality elements in the eutrophication assessment.

References

  • Atmış, E., Özden, S., Lise, W. (2007). Urbanization pressures on the natural forests in Turkey: An overview. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 6, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.01.002
  • Aubry, A., Elliott, M. (2006). The use of environmental integrative indicators to assess seabed disturbance in estuaries and coasts: application to the Humber Estuary, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 53, 175-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.021
  • Balıkesir İÇDR (2019). Balıkesir İl Çevre ve Şehircilik Müdürlüğü, Kocaeli İl Çevre Durum Raporu, Kocaeli, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/kocael-_2019_cevre_durum_raporu-20200717100750.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2020).
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  • Beken, P.Ç.S. (2017). Marmara Denizi’nin Mevcut Kirlilik Durumunun Tarihsel Süreci. III. Marmara Denizi Sempozyumu. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları İstanbul, 114-131.
  • Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T., Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography,34, 285-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90018-3
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  • Gardi C., Bosco C., Rusco E., Montanerella L. (2010). An analysis of the land use sustainability index (LUSI) at the territorial scale based on corine land cover. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 21(5), 680-694. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831011067953
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  • Keskin, C. (2007). Temporal variation of fish assemblages in different shallow-water habitats in Erdek Bay, Marmara Sea. Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 13, 215-234.
  • Kocaeli İÇDR, (2019). Kocaeli İl Çevre ve Şehircilik Müdürlüğü, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/kocael-_2019_cevre_durum_raporu-20200717100750.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2020)
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  • Küçükali, U.F. (2013). Basin-Scale Ecological Risk Assessment Methodology, Example Of Nilufer Creek And Its Subbasins. Journal of International Scientific Publications:Ecology & Safety, 7(3), 1313-2563.
  • Lopez y R., Cecilia S., Pergent G., Casazza G. (2009). Assessing Human-Induced Pressures on Coastal Areas With Publicly Available Data. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 1494-1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.007
  • MED-GIG Phytoplankton (2011). Test of LUSI index (eutrophication) on French data transmitted for the Phytoplankton GIG-MED Second Round intercalibration exercise. Techincal Report Coastal Waters, European Comission.
  • Meinesz, A., Cirik, S, Akcalı, B., Javel, F., Migliaccio, M., Thibaut,T., Yüksek, A., Procaccini, G. (2009). P. oceanica in the Marmara Sea. Aquatic Botany, 90(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.04.013
  • Morkoç, E., Okay, O.S., Tolun, L., Tüfekçi, V., Tüfekçi, H., Legoviç, T. (2001). Towards a clean Izmit Bay. Environment International, 26, 157-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00103-3
  • MSFD (2017). European Parliament and of the Council Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 laying down criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters and specifications and standardised methods for monitoring and assessment, and repealing Decision 2010/477/EU.
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There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Maritime Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İbrahim Tan 0000-0002-4948-7687

Publication Date April 1, 2021
Submission Date September 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Tan, İ. (2021). Marmara denizi körfezlerinin baskı–etki durumu ve ötrofikasyon açısından değerlendirilmesi. Aquatic Research, 4(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21014

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