Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Biological a Case in the Ordu Coastal: Green Tide

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 57 - 69, 25.01.2016

Beyhan Taş Özlem Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780

Öz

Eutrophication is a typical example for environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. Tides occurring in sea and ocean are events associated with eutrophication, can be seen in different colors and usually the bay and estuary systems. Besides, green tides are major deposits in coastal areas resulting from the blooming of the macro green algae. Composition of algal species changes depending on environmental conditions. Some opportunistic species such as Ulva spp. and Cladophora spp. are known as an important component of green tides. Green tides can be seen many beaches around the world. The Akyazı Beach is the public beach where has won “Blue Flag” status in Ordu city. Green tides event was seen in the beach at the beginning of the summer of 2014 (June). In this research, it was aimed that the quality of bathing water according to microbiological parameters and determining the algae that cause green tides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black Sea Green tide Macroalgae Contamination Blue Flag

Kaynakça

  • APHA, 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Washington, DC.
  • Bäck, S., Lehvo, A. ve Blomster, J. 2000. Mass occurrence of unattached Enteromorpha intestinalis on the Finnish Baltic Sea coast. Annales Botanici Fennici, 37: 155-161.
  • Beman, J. M., Arrigo, K. R. ve Matson, P. A. 2005. Agricultural runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of the ocean. Nature, 434: 211-214, doi:10.1038/nature03370.
  • Berezina, N. A., Tsiplenkina, I. G., Pankova, E. S. ve Gubelit, J. I. 2007. Dynamics of invertebrate communities in stony littoral of the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea) under macroalgal blooms. Transitional Water Bulletin, 1(1): 49-60, doi:10.1285/i1825229Xv1n1p65.
  • Blomster, J., Bäck, S., Fewer, D. P., Kiirikki, M., Lehvo, A., Maggs, C. A. ve Stanhope, M. J. 2002. Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany, 89(11): 1756-1763, doi:10.3732/ajb.89.11.1756.
  • Charlier, R. H., Morand, P., Finkl, C. W. ve Thys, A. 2007. Green tides on the Brittany Coasts. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 3(41): 52-59.
  • Cirik, S. ve Cirik, Ş. 1999. Limnology. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No. 21, İzmir, 166 s.
  • Cossellu, M. ve Nordberg, K. 2010. Recent environmental changes and filamentous algal mats in shallow bays on the Swedish west coast—a result of climate change? Journal of Sea Research, 63: 202-212, doi:10.1016/j.seares.2010.01.004.
  • Coutinho, R. ve Zingmark, R. 1993. Interactions of light and nitrogen on photosynthesis and growth of the marine macroalga Ulva curvata (Kützing) De Toni. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 167(1): 11-19, doi:10.1016/0022-0981(93)90180-V.
  • Cummins, S. P., Roberts, D. E. ve Zimmerman, K. D. 2004. Effects of the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis on macrobenthic and seagrass assemblages in a shallow coastal estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 266: 77-87, doi:10.3354/meps266077.
  • Curiel, D., Rismondo, A., Bellemo, G. ve Marzochi, M. 2004. Macroalgal biomass and species variations in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): 1981-1998. Scientia Marina, 68(1): 57-67.
  • ÇŞB, 2015. T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Deniz ve Kıyı Yönetimi. http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/cygm/index.php?Sayfa=sss#0 (erişim tarihi: 10 Kasım 2015).
  • Duke, C. S., Litakerand, W. ve Ramus, J. 1989. Effect of temperature on nitrogen-limited growth rate and chemical composition of Ulva curvata (Ulvales: Chlorophyta). Marine Biology, 100(2): 143-150, doi:10.1007/BF00391953.
  • Fletcher, R. L. 1996. The occurrence of “gren tides”- a review. W. Schramm ve P.H. Nienhuis (eds), Marine Benthic Vegetation: Recent changes and the effects of eutrophication, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin: 7-43.
  • Fletcher, R. L., Cuomo, V. ve Palomba, I. 1990. The “green tide” problem, with particular reference to the Venice Lagoon Italy. British Phycological Journal, 25(1): 87.
  • Geertz-Hansen, O., Sand-Jensen, K.,Hansen, D. F. ve Christiansen, A. 1993. Growth and grazing control of the marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca L. in a eutrophic Danish estuary. Aquatic Botany, 46(2): 101-109, doi:10.1016/0304-3770(93)90039-Y.
  • Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M. ve Wilcox, L. W. 2009. Algae. 2nd edition, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, California, USA, 720 pp.
  • Gubelit, Y. I. ve Kovalchuk, N. A. 2010. Macroalgal blooms and species diversity in the transition zone of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Hydrobiologia, 656(1): 83-86, doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0425-2.
  • Guiry, M. D. ve Guiry, G. M. 2015. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org (erişim tarihi 10 Haziran 2015).
  • Hernández, I., Peralta, G., Pérez-Lloréns, J. L. Lucas, J., Vergara, J. J. ve Niell, F. X. 1997. Biomass and dynamics of growth of Ulva species in Palmones River Estuary. Journal of Phycology, 33(5): 764-772, doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00764.x.
  • Hu, C. ve He, M-X. 2008. Origin and offshore extent of floating algae in Olympic sailing area. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89(33): 302-303, doi:10.1029/2008EO330002.
  • Hu, C., Li, D., Chen, C., Ge, J., Muller-Karger, F. E., Liu, J., Yu, F. ve He, M-X. 2010. On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115: C05017, doi:10.1029/2009JC005561.
  • John, D. M., Whitton, B. A. ve Brook, A. J. 2002. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, UK, 714 pp.
  • Josselyn, M. 1985. Do nutrients or physical factors control macroalgal growth in temperate estuaries? Estuaries, 8(2B): 304.
  • Kolören, Z. ve Demirel, E. 2013a. Investigation on Cryptosporidium spp. in water samples collected from River Melet in Ordu by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(2): 28-32.
  • Kolören, Z. ve Demirel, E. 2013b. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Turkish River and Drinking Water Samples by Different PCR and LAMP Methods. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 41(10): 963-968, doi:10.1002/clen.201200468.
  • Lehvo, A. ve Bäck, S. 2001. Survey of macroalgal mats in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 11: 11-18, doi:10.1002/aqc.428.
  • Liu, D., Keesing, J. K., Xing, Q. ve Shi, P. 2009. World’s largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58: 888-895, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.013.
  • Lotze, H. K. ve Schramm, W. 2000. Ecophysiological traits explain species dominance patterns in macroalgal blooms. Journal of Phycology, 36(2): 287-295, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99109.x.
  • McGlathery, K. J., Sundbäck, K. ve Anderson, I. C. 2007. Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 348: 1-18, doi:10.3354/meps07132.
  • Merceron, M., Antoine, V., Auby, I. ve Morand, P. 2007. In situ growth potential of the subtidal part of green tide forming Ulva spp. stocks. Science of the Total Environment, 384(1-3): 293-305, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.007.
  • Morand, P. ve Briand, X. 1999. Anaerobic digestion of Ulva sp. 2. Study of Ulva degradation and methanisation of liquefaction juices. Journal of Applied Phycology, 11: 165-177, doi:10.1023/A:1008028127701.
  • Morand, P. ve Merceron, M. 2004. Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae. S.G. Pandalai (ed.), Recent research developments in environmental biology, vol 1(2), Research Signpost, Trivandrum, Kerala, India: 395-449.
  • Morand, P. ve Merceron, M. 2005. Macroalgal population and sustainability. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(5): 1009-1020, doi:10.2112/04-700A.
  • Nelson, T. A., Nelson, A. V. ve Tjoelker, M. 2003a. Seasonal and spatial patterns of “green tides” (Ulvoid algal blooms) and related water quality parameters in the coastal waters of Washington State, USA. Botanica Marina, 46(3): 263-275, doi:10.1515/BOT.2003.024.
  • Nelson, T. A., Nelson, A. V. ve Tjoelker, M. 2003b. Seasonal patterns in ulvoid algal biomass, productivity, and key environmental factors in the Northeast Pacific. Botanica Marina, 46(3): 263-275, doi:10.1515/BOT.2003.024.
  • Nelson, T. A., Haberlin, K., Nelson, A. V., Ribarich, H., Hotchkiss, R., Van Alstyne, K. L., Buckingham, L., Simunds, D. J. ve Fredrickson, K. 2008. Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms. Ecology, 89: 1287-1298, doi:10.1890/07-0494.1.
  • Norkko, A. ve Bonsdorff, E. 1996. Population responses of coastal zoobenthos to stress induced by drifting algal mats. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 140: 141-151.
  • Odabaşı, S. ve Büyükateş, Y. 2009. Klorofil-a, çevresel parametreler ve besin elementlerinin günlük değişimleri: Sarıçay akarsuyu örneği (Çanakkale, Türkiye). Ekoloji, 19(73): 76-85, doi:10.5053/ekoloji.2009.7310.
  • Ólafsson, E., Aarnio, K., Bonsdorff, E. ve Arroyo, N. L. 2013. Fauna of the green alga Cladophora glomerata in the Baltic Sea: density, diversity, and algal decomposition stage. Marine Biology, 160: 2353-2362, doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2229-1.
  • Perrot, T., Rossi, N., Ménesguen, A. ve Dumas, F. 2014. Modelling green macroalgal blooms on the coasts of Brittany, France to enhance water quality management. Journal of Marine Systems, 132: 38–53, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.12.010.
  • Raffaelli, D. G., Raven, J. A. ve Poole, L. J. 1998. Ecological impact of green macroalgal blooms. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 36: 97-125.
  • Rivers, J. S. ve Peckol, P. 1995. Summer decline of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in a eutrophic embayment: interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen availability? Journal of Phycology, 31(2): 223-228, doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00223.x.
  • Robles, C. ve Desharnais, R. 2002. History and Current Development of a paradigm of predation in rocky intertidal communities. Ecology, 83(6): 1521-1536, doi:10.2307/3071971
  • Schories, D. ve Reise, K. 1993. Germination and anchorage of Enteromorpha spp. insediments of the Wadden Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 47(3): 275-285, doi:10.1007/BF02367169.
  • Sfriso, A., Marcomini, A. ve Pavoni, B. 1987. Relation ships between macroalgal biomass and nutrient concentrations in a hypertrophic area of the Venice Lagoon. Marine Environmental Research, 22(4): 297-312, doi:10.1016/0141-1136(87)90005-5.
  • Sfriso, A., Marcomini, A., Pavoni, B. ve Orio, A .A. 1992. Macroalgae, nutrient cycles, and pollutants in the Lagoon of Venice. Estuaries, 15(4): 517-528, doi:10.2307/1352394.
  • SKKY, 2004. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 31.12.2004, Sayısı: 25687.
  • Taş, B. ve Kurt, I. 2014. Aşağı Melet Irmağı’nın (Ordu) diyatomeler dışındaki epipelik alglerinin çeşitliliği. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (KFBD), 4(11): 49-63.
  • Taş, B., Yılmaz, Ö. ve Kurt, I. 2015. Aşağı Melet Irmağı (Ordu, Türkiye)’nda su kalitesinin göstergesi olan epipelik diyatomeler. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(7): 610-616.
  • Taşpınar, B., Verep, B., Terzi, E. ve Çetindemir, D. 2015. Rize ili kıyı şeridinde bakteriyolojik kirliliğin araştırılması. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 2015 (2): 17-27, doi: 10.17693/yunus.31530.
  • Taylor, R., Fletcher, R. L. ve Raven, J. A. 2001. Preliminary studies on the growth of selected 'green tide' algae in laboratory culture: Effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate. Botanica Marina, 44(4): 327-336, doi:10.1515/BOT.2001.042.
  • Teichberg, M., Fox, M. T., Olsen, Y. O., Valiela, I., Martinetto, P., Iribarne, O., Muto, E. Y., Petti, M. A. V., Corbisier, T. N., Soto-Jime´nez, M., Pa´ez-Osuna, F., Castro, P., Freitas, H., Zitelli, A., Cardinaletti, M. ve Tagliapietra, D., 2010. Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters: nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp. Global Change Biology, 16: 2624-2637, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02108.x.
  • Thybo-Christensen, M., Rasmussen, M. B. ve Blackbum, T. H. 1993. Nutrient fluxes and growth of Cladophora sericea in a shallow Danish bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 100: 273-281.
  • TS EN ISO 7899-2, 2002. Su Kalitesi. Bağırsak enterokoklarının tespiti ve sayımı-Bölüm 2: Membran süzme yöntemi.
  • TS EN ISO 9308-1, 2014. Su Kalitesi. Escherichia coli ve koliform bakterilerin sayımı-Bölüm 1: Düşük bakterili zemin floralı sular için membranla süzme yöntemi.
  • URL1, 2015. Mavi Bayrak Türkiye, http://www.mavibayrak.org.tr/tr/Default.aspx (erişim tarihi:10 Kasım 2015).
  • Üçok, M. C. ve Gürkanlı, Ç. T. 2012. Ordu sahil bölgesinde koliform ve E. coli tayini. Mavi Yaşam Dergisi, 3(2): 11-12.
  • Valiela, I., McClelland, J., Hauxwell, J., Behr, P. J., Hersh, D. ve Foreman, K. 1997. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(5): 1105-1118, doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1105
  • Van Alstyne K. L., Nelson, T. A. ve Ridgway, R. L. 2015. Environmental chemistry and chemical ecology of “green tide” seaweed blooms. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 55(3): 518-52, doi:10.1093/icb/icv035.
  • Ye, N., Zhang, X., Mao, Y., Xu, D., Zou, J., Zhuang, Z. ve Wang, Q. 2011. ‘Green tides’ are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet: taking the world’s largest example. Ecological Research, 26: 477-485, doi:10.1007/s11284-011-0821-8.
  • YSKY (76/160/AB), 2006. Yüzme Suyu Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 09.01.2006, Sayısı: 26048.
  • YSKY, 2012. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 30.11.2012, Sayısı: 28483.
  • Zulkifly, S. B., Graham, J. M., Young, E. B., Mayer, R. J., Piotrowski, M. J., Smith, I. ve Graham, L. E. 2013. The genus Cladophora Kützing (Ulvophyceae) as a globally distributed ecological engineer. Journal of Phycology, 49: 1-17, doi:10.1111/jpy.12025.

Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 57 - 69, 25.01.2016

Beyhan Taş Özlem Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780

Öz

Ötrofikasyon, sucul ekosistemlerde görülen çevre sorunlarına tipik bir örnektir. Deniz ve okyanus kıyılarında görülen gelgitler ise, genellikle koylar ve haliç sistemlerinde meydana gelen, çok çeşitli renklerde görülebilen ve ötrofikasyonla ilgili olan bir durumdur. Yeşil gelgitler, yeşil makro alglerin aşırı çoğalmasına bağlı olarak kıyılardaki büyük birikimleridir. Alg türlerinin kompozisyonu çevresel koşullara bağlı olarak değişir. Ulva spp. ve Cladophora spp. gibi bazı fırsatçı türler yeşil gelgitlerin önemli bileşenleri olarak bilinir. Yeşil gelgitler dünya çapında pek çok plajda görülür. Ordu il merkezinde bulunan Akyazı Plajı,  uluslararası bir çevre ödülü olan “Mavi Bayrak” statüsü kazanmış halk plajıdır. Bu plajda 2014 yılı yaz başlangıcında (Haziran) yeşil gelgit olayı gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yeşil gelgit olayına neden olan alglerin tanımlanması ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere göre yüzme suyu kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karadeniz Yeşil gelgit Makro algler Kontaminasyon

Kaynakça

  • APHA, 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Washington, DC.
  • Bäck, S., Lehvo, A. ve Blomster, J. 2000. Mass occurrence of unattached Enteromorpha intestinalis on the Finnish Baltic Sea coast. Annales Botanici Fennici, 37: 155-161.
  • Beman, J. M., Arrigo, K. R. ve Matson, P. A. 2005. Agricultural runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of the ocean. Nature, 434: 211-214, doi:10.1038/nature03370.
  • Berezina, N. A., Tsiplenkina, I. G., Pankova, E. S. ve Gubelit, J. I. 2007. Dynamics of invertebrate communities in stony littoral of the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea) under macroalgal blooms. Transitional Water Bulletin, 1(1): 49-60, doi:10.1285/i1825229Xv1n1p65.
  • Blomster, J., Bäck, S., Fewer, D. P., Kiirikki, M., Lehvo, A., Maggs, C. A. ve Stanhope, M. J. 2002. Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany, 89(11): 1756-1763, doi:10.3732/ajb.89.11.1756.
  • Charlier, R. H., Morand, P., Finkl, C. W. ve Thys, A. 2007. Green tides on the Brittany Coasts. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 3(41): 52-59.
  • Cirik, S. ve Cirik, Ş. 1999. Limnology. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları No. 21, İzmir, 166 s.
  • Cossellu, M. ve Nordberg, K. 2010. Recent environmental changes and filamentous algal mats in shallow bays on the Swedish west coast—a result of climate change? Journal of Sea Research, 63: 202-212, doi:10.1016/j.seares.2010.01.004.
  • Coutinho, R. ve Zingmark, R. 1993. Interactions of light and nitrogen on photosynthesis and growth of the marine macroalga Ulva curvata (Kützing) De Toni. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 167(1): 11-19, doi:10.1016/0022-0981(93)90180-V.
  • Cummins, S. P., Roberts, D. E. ve Zimmerman, K. D. 2004. Effects of the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis on macrobenthic and seagrass assemblages in a shallow coastal estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 266: 77-87, doi:10.3354/meps266077.
  • Curiel, D., Rismondo, A., Bellemo, G. ve Marzochi, M. 2004. Macroalgal biomass and species variations in the Lagoon of Venice (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy): 1981-1998. Scientia Marina, 68(1): 57-67.
  • ÇŞB, 2015. T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Çevre Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Deniz ve Kıyı Yönetimi. http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/cygm/index.php?Sayfa=sss#0 (erişim tarihi: 10 Kasım 2015).
  • Duke, C. S., Litakerand, W. ve Ramus, J. 1989. Effect of temperature on nitrogen-limited growth rate and chemical composition of Ulva curvata (Ulvales: Chlorophyta). Marine Biology, 100(2): 143-150, doi:10.1007/BF00391953.
  • Fletcher, R. L. 1996. The occurrence of “gren tides”- a review. W. Schramm ve P.H. Nienhuis (eds), Marine Benthic Vegetation: Recent changes and the effects of eutrophication, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin: 7-43.
  • Fletcher, R. L., Cuomo, V. ve Palomba, I. 1990. The “green tide” problem, with particular reference to the Venice Lagoon Italy. British Phycological Journal, 25(1): 87.
  • Geertz-Hansen, O., Sand-Jensen, K.,Hansen, D. F. ve Christiansen, A. 1993. Growth and grazing control of the marine macroalga, Ulva lactuca L. in a eutrophic Danish estuary. Aquatic Botany, 46(2): 101-109, doi:10.1016/0304-3770(93)90039-Y.
  • Graham, L. E., Graham, J. M. ve Wilcox, L. W. 2009. Algae. 2nd edition, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, California, USA, 720 pp.
  • Gubelit, Y. I. ve Kovalchuk, N. A. 2010. Macroalgal blooms and species diversity in the transition zone of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Hydrobiologia, 656(1): 83-86, doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0425-2.
  • Guiry, M. D. ve Guiry, G. M. 2015. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org (erişim tarihi 10 Haziran 2015).
  • Hernández, I., Peralta, G., Pérez-Lloréns, J. L. Lucas, J., Vergara, J. J. ve Niell, F. X. 1997. Biomass and dynamics of growth of Ulva species in Palmones River Estuary. Journal of Phycology, 33(5): 764-772, doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00764.x.
  • Hu, C. ve He, M-X. 2008. Origin and offshore extent of floating algae in Olympic sailing area. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89(33): 302-303, doi:10.1029/2008EO330002.
  • Hu, C., Li, D., Chen, C., Ge, J., Muller-Karger, F. E., Liu, J., Yu, F. ve He, M-X. 2010. On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115: C05017, doi:10.1029/2009JC005561.
  • John, D. M., Whitton, B. A. ve Brook, A. J. 2002. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, UK, 714 pp.
  • Josselyn, M. 1985. Do nutrients or physical factors control macroalgal growth in temperate estuaries? Estuaries, 8(2B): 304.
  • Kolören, Z. ve Demirel, E. 2013a. Investigation on Cryptosporidium spp. in water samples collected from River Melet in Ordu by Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(2): 28-32.
  • Kolören, Z. ve Demirel, E. 2013b. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Turkish River and Drinking Water Samples by Different PCR and LAMP Methods. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 41(10): 963-968, doi:10.1002/clen.201200468.
  • Lehvo, A. ve Bäck, S. 2001. Survey of macroalgal mats in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 11: 11-18, doi:10.1002/aqc.428.
  • Liu, D., Keesing, J. K., Xing, Q. ve Shi, P. 2009. World’s largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58: 888-895, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.013.
  • Lotze, H. K. ve Schramm, W. 2000. Ecophysiological traits explain species dominance patterns in macroalgal blooms. Journal of Phycology, 36(2): 287-295, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99109.x.
  • McGlathery, K. J., Sundbäck, K. ve Anderson, I. C. 2007. Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 348: 1-18, doi:10.3354/meps07132.
  • Merceron, M., Antoine, V., Auby, I. ve Morand, P. 2007. In situ growth potential of the subtidal part of green tide forming Ulva spp. stocks. Science of the Total Environment, 384(1-3): 293-305, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.007.
  • Morand, P. ve Briand, X. 1999. Anaerobic digestion of Ulva sp. 2. Study of Ulva degradation and methanisation of liquefaction juices. Journal of Applied Phycology, 11: 165-177, doi:10.1023/A:1008028127701.
  • Morand, P. ve Merceron, M. 2004. Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae. S.G. Pandalai (ed.), Recent research developments in environmental biology, vol 1(2), Research Signpost, Trivandrum, Kerala, India: 395-449.
  • Morand, P. ve Merceron, M. 2005. Macroalgal population and sustainability. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(5): 1009-1020, doi:10.2112/04-700A.
  • Nelson, T. A., Nelson, A. V. ve Tjoelker, M. 2003a. Seasonal and spatial patterns of “green tides” (Ulvoid algal blooms) and related water quality parameters in the coastal waters of Washington State, USA. Botanica Marina, 46(3): 263-275, doi:10.1515/BOT.2003.024.
  • Nelson, T. A., Nelson, A. V. ve Tjoelker, M. 2003b. Seasonal patterns in ulvoid algal biomass, productivity, and key environmental factors in the Northeast Pacific. Botanica Marina, 46(3): 263-275, doi:10.1515/BOT.2003.024.
  • Nelson, T. A., Haberlin, K., Nelson, A. V., Ribarich, H., Hotchkiss, R., Van Alstyne, K. L., Buckingham, L., Simunds, D. J. ve Fredrickson, K. 2008. Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms. Ecology, 89: 1287-1298, doi:10.1890/07-0494.1.
  • Norkko, A. ve Bonsdorff, E. 1996. Population responses of coastal zoobenthos to stress induced by drifting algal mats. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 140: 141-151.
  • Odabaşı, S. ve Büyükateş, Y. 2009. Klorofil-a, çevresel parametreler ve besin elementlerinin günlük değişimleri: Sarıçay akarsuyu örneği (Çanakkale, Türkiye). Ekoloji, 19(73): 76-85, doi:10.5053/ekoloji.2009.7310.
  • Ólafsson, E., Aarnio, K., Bonsdorff, E. ve Arroyo, N. L. 2013. Fauna of the green alga Cladophora glomerata in the Baltic Sea: density, diversity, and algal decomposition stage. Marine Biology, 160: 2353-2362, doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2229-1.
  • Perrot, T., Rossi, N., Ménesguen, A. ve Dumas, F. 2014. Modelling green macroalgal blooms on the coasts of Brittany, France to enhance water quality management. Journal of Marine Systems, 132: 38–53, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.12.010.
  • Raffaelli, D. G., Raven, J. A. ve Poole, L. J. 1998. Ecological impact of green macroalgal blooms. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 36: 97-125.
  • Rivers, J. S. ve Peckol, P. 1995. Summer decline of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in a eutrophic embayment: interactive effects of temperature and nitrogen availability? Journal of Phycology, 31(2): 223-228, doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00223.x.
  • Robles, C. ve Desharnais, R. 2002. History and Current Development of a paradigm of predation in rocky intertidal communities. Ecology, 83(6): 1521-1536, doi:10.2307/3071971
  • Schories, D. ve Reise, K. 1993. Germination and anchorage of Enteromorpha spp. insediments of the Wadden Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 47(3): 275-285, doi:10.1007/BF02367169.
  • Sfriso, A., Marcomini, A. ve Pavoni, B. 1987. Relation ships between macroalgal biomass and nutrient concentrations in a hypertrophic area of the Venice Lagoon. Marine Environmental Research, 22(4): 297-312, doi:10.1016/0141-1136(87)90005-5.
  • Sfriso, A., Marcomini, A., Pavoni, B. ve Orio, A .A. 1992. Macroalgae, nutrient cycles, and pollutants in the Lagoon of Venice. Estuaries, 15(4): 517-528, doi:10.2307/1352394.
  • SKKY, 2004. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 31.12.2004, Sayısı: 25687.
  • Taş, B. ve Kurt, I. 2014. Aşağı Melet Irmağı’nın (Ordu) diyatomeler dışındaki epipelik alglerinin çeşitliliği. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (KFBD), 4(11): 49-63.
  • Taş, B., Yılmaz, Ö. ve Kurt, I. 2015. Aşağı Melet Irmağı (Ordu, Türkiye)’nda su kalitesinin göstergesi olan epipelik diyatomeler. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(7): 610-616.
  • Taşpınar, B., Verep, B., Terzi, E. ve Çetindemir, D. 2015. Rize ili kıyı şeridinde bakteriyolojik kirliliğin araştırılması. Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 2015 (2): 17-27, doi: 10.17693/yunus.31530.
  • Taylor, R., Fletcher, R. L. ve Raven, J. A. 2001. Preliminary studies on the growth of selected 'green tide' algae in laboratory culture: Effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate. Botanica Marina, 44(4): 327-336, doi:10.1515/BOT.2001.042.
  • Teichberg, M., Fox, M. T., Olsen, Y. O., Valiela, I., Martinetto, P., Iribarne, O., Muto, E. Y., Petti, M. A. V., Corbisier, T. N., Soto-Jime´nez, M., Pa´ez-Osuna, F., Castro, P., Freitas, H., Zitelli, A., Cardinaletti, M. ve Tagliapietra, D., 2010. Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters: nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp. Global Change Biology, 16: 2624-2637, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02108.x.
  • Thybo-Christensen, M., Rasmussen, M. B. ve Blackbum, T. H. 1993. Nutrient fluxes and growth of Cladophora sericea in a shallow Danish bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 100: 273-281.
  • TS EN ISO 7899-2, 2002. Su Kalitesi. Bağırsak enterokoklarının tespiti ve sayımı-Bölüm 2: Membran süzme yöntemi.
  • TS EN ISO 9308-1, 2014. Su Kalitesi. Escherichia coli ve koliform bakterilerin sayımı-Bölüm 1: Düşük bakterili zemin floralı sular için membranla süzme yöntemi.
  • URL1, 2015. Mavi Bayrak Türkiye, http://www.mavibayrak.org.tr/tr/Default.aspx (erişim tarihi:10 Kasım 2015).
  • Üçok, M. C. ve Gürkanlı, Ç. T. 2012. Ordu sahil bölgesinde koliform ve E. coli tayini. Mavi Yaşam Dergisi, 3(2): 11-12.
  • Valiela, I., McClelland, J., Hauxwell, J., Behr, P. J., Hersh, D. ve Foreman, K. 1997. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography, 42(5): 1105-1118, doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1105
  • Van Alstyne K. L., Nelson, T. A. ve Ridgway, R. L. 2015. Environmental chemistry and chemical ecology of “green tide” seaweed blooms. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 55(3): 518-52, doi:10.1093/icb/icv035.
  • Ye, N., Zhang, X., Mao, Y., Xu, D., Zou, J., Zhuang, Z. ve Wang, Q. 2011. ‘Green tides’ are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet: taking the world’s largest example. Ecological Research, 26: 477-485, doi:10.1007/s11284-011-0821-8.
  • YSKY (76/160/AB), 2006. Yüzme Suyu Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 09.01.2006, Sayısı: 26048.
  • YSKY, 2012. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 30.11.2012, Sayısı: 28483.
  • Zulkifly, S. B., Graham, J. M., Young, E. B., Mayer, R. J., Piotrowski, M. J., Smith, I. ve Graham, L. E. 2013. The genus Cladophora Kützing (Ulvophyceae) as a globally distributed ecological engineer. Journal of Phycology, 49: 1-17, doi:10.1111/jpy.12025.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Beyhan Taş

Özlem Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, B., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2016). Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit. Aquaculture Studies, 16(2), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780
AMA Taş B, Yılmaz Ö. Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit. AquaST. Mart 2016;16(2):57-69. doi:10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780
Chicago Taş, Beyhan, ve Özlem Yılmaz. “Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit”. Aquaculture Studies 16, sy. 2 (Mart 2016): 57-69. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780.
EndNote Taş B, Yılmaz Ö (01 Mart 2016) Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit. Aquaculture Studies 16 2 57–69.
IEEE B. Taş ve Ö. Yılmaz, “Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit”, AquaST, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 57–69, 2016, doi: 10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780.
ISNAD Taş, Beyhan - Yılmaz, Özlem. “Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit”. Aquaculture Studies 16/2 (Mart 2016), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780.
JAMA Taş B, Yılmaz Ö. Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit. AquaST. 2016;16:57–69.
MLA Taş, Beyhan ve Özlem Yılmaz. “Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit”. Aquaculture Studies, c. 16, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 57-69, doi:10.17693/yunusae.v16i21960.235780.
Vancouver Taş B, Yılmaz Ö. Ordu Sahilinde Biyolojik Bir Durum: Yeşil Gelgit. AquaST. 2016;16(2):57-69.