Araştırma Makalesi
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GATT, DTÖ Korunma Önlemleri Anlaşması ve Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması’na İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 48, 59 - 73, 28.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03

Öz

Bu çalışma, Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Antlaşması (GTTA) Madde XIX, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü (DTÖ) Korunma Önlemleri Anlaşması (KÖA) ve Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Prosedürü’nün (AHP) korunma önlemleri kapsamında teorik bir model kullanılarak değerlendirilmesine odaklanmaktadır. Adil bir karşılaştırma yapabilmek adına, Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Prosedürü’nün toplam süreci, korunma önlemi uygulayan ülke ile ihracatları mezkûr önlemden etkilenen diğer ülkeler arasındaki siyasi bağlar ile önceden planlanan korunma tariflerine karşı anlık hesaplanan tarifeler analiz edilmiş ve Beshkar (2009) modeline eklemeler sunulmuştur. Bu amaçla, Beshkar’ın analizini genişletmek maksadıyla, AoS kapsamında siyasi refahı en üst düzeye çıkaran teşvik uyumlu anlaşmayı bulmak için GATT, WTO ve DSP için bir model tasarımı geliştirilmiştir. Korunma tarifelerinin önceden planlananlar yerine anlık olarak belirlenmesinin bir ülke için optimal tarifeye değil, politik olarak o anda uygulanabilecek en iyi tarifeye yol açtığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, korunma önlemlerine ilişkin olarak Dünya Ticaret Örgütü prosedürlerinin taraflar için her zaman en iyi tarife seçenekleri üretemediği ortaya koyulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Baldwin, R. & J. Steagall (1994), “An analysis of ITC decisions in antidumping, countervailing Duty and safeguard cases”, Review of World Economics, 130(2), 290-308.
  • Baldwin, R. (1987), “Politically Realistic Objective Functions and Trade Policy: PROFs and Tariffs”, Economic Letters, 24, 287-290.
  • Beshkar, M. (2009), “Trade skirmishes and safeguards: A theory of the WTO dispute settlement process”, WTO Working Papers, No. ERSD-2009-09.
  • Beshkar, M. (2010), “Optimal remedies in international trade agreements”, European Economic Review, 54(3), 455-466.
  • Bown, C.P. (2011), “Taking stock of antidumping, safeguards and countervailing duties, 1990-2009”, The World Economy, 34(12), 1955-1998.
  • Bown, C.P. (2013), “Trade policy flexibilities and Turkey tariffs, antidumping, safeguards, and WTO dispute settlement”, World Bank Working Papers, No. 6322.
  • Feenstra, R. & T. Lewis (1991), “Negotiated trade restrictions with private political pressure”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1287-1307.
  • Furusawa, T. (2003), “The role of the WTO dispute settlement procedure on international cooperation”, Working Paper.
  • Maggi, G. (1999), “The role of multilateral institutions in international trade cooperation”, American Economic Review, 89, 190-214.
  • Park, J. (2008), “Enforcing international trade agreements under imperfect private monitoring: Private trigger strategies and a possible role for the WTO”, Working Paper.
  • Riezman, R. (1991), “Dynamic tariffs with asymmetric information”, Journal of International Economics, 30(3-4), 267-283.
  • Rosendorf, B. (1996), “Voluntary export restraints, antidumping procedure, and domestic politics”, American Economic Review, 86, 544-561.
  • Sykes, A. (2004), “The safeguards mess: A critique of WTO jurisprudence”, World Trade Review, 2(03), 261-295.
  • WTO (2020), WTO’s Reports of the Committee on Safeguards (2000-2019), Geneva: World Trade Organization.

An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 48, 59 - 73, 28.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03

Öz

This study focuses on evaluating the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XIX, the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Safeguards (AoS), and the Dispute Settlement Procedure (DSP) for the safeguards by developing a theoretical model. To make a fair comparison, we analyse the timing of the DSP, the political ties between the safeguard imposing country and the countries whose exports are affected from these duties, ex-ante against interim safeguard tariffs, and we present respective extensions over the model initially developed Beshkar (2009). For this purpose, a model design is introduced for GATT, WTO, and DSP to find the incentive- compatible agreement that maximizes political welfare under the AoS, aiming to extend Beshkar’s analyses. We find that determining the safeguard tariff level at an interim step instead of ex-ante leads to the tariff that is politically the best for a country at that instant but does not necessarily lead to an optimal tariff. As a result, we reveal that WTO procedures do not always produce the best tariff options for the parties in safeguard measures.

Kaynakça

  • Baldwin, R. & J. Steagall (1994), “An analysis of ITC decisions in antidumping, countervailing Duty and safeguard cases”, Review of World Economics, 130(2), 290-308.
  • Baldwin, R. (1987), “Politically Realistic Objective Functions and Trade Policy: PROFs and Tariffs”, Economic Letters, 24, 287-290.
  • Beshkar, M. (2009), “Trade skirmishes and safeguards: A theory of the WTO dispute settlement process”, WTO Working Papers, No. ERSD-2009-09.
  • Beshkar, M. (2010), “Optimal remedies in international trade agreements”, European Economic Review, 54(3), 455-466.
  • Bown, C.P. (2011), “Taking stock of antidumping, safeguards and countervailing duties, 1990-2009”, The World Economy, 34(12), 1955-1998.
  • Bown, C.P. (2013), “Trade policy flexibilities and Turkey tariffs, antidumping, safeguards, and WTO dispute settlement”, World Bank Working Papers, No. 6322.
  • Feenstra, R. & T. Lewis (1991), “Negotiated trade restrictions with private political pressure”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1287-1307.
  • Furusawa, T. (2003), “The role of the WTO dispute settlement procedure on international cooperation”, Working Paper.
  • Maggi, G. (1999), “The role of multilateral institutions in international trade cooperation”, American Economic Review, 89, 190-214.
  • Park, J. (2008), “Enforcing international trade agreements under imperfect private monitoring: Private trigger strategies and a possible role for the WTO”, Working Paper.
  • Riezman, R. (1991), “Dynamic tariffs with asymmetric information”, Journal of International Economics, 30(3-4), 267-283.
  • Rosendorf, B. (1996), “Voluntary export restraints, antidumping procedure, and domestic politics”, American Economic Review, 86, 544-561.
  • Sykes, A. (2004), “The safeguards mess: A critique of WTO jurisprudence”, World Trade Review, 2(03), 261-295.
  • WTO (2020), WTO’s Reports of the Committee on Safeguards (2000-2019), Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Volkan Sezgin 0000-0001-7642-7674

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Sezgin, V. (2021). An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure. Sosyoekonomi, 29(48), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03
AMA Sezgin V. An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2021;29(48):59-73. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03
Chicago Sezgin, Volkan. “An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure”. Sosyoekonomi 29, sy. 48 (Nisan 2021): 59-73. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03.
EndNote Sezgin V (01 Nisan 2021) An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure. Sosyoekonomi 29 48 59–73.
IEEE V. Sezgin, “An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 48, ss. 59–73, 2021, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03.
ISNAD Sezgin, Volkan. “An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure”. Sosyoekonomi 29/48 (Nisan 2021), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03.
JAMA Sezgin V. An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29:59–73.
MLA Sezgin, Volkan. “An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 48, 2021, ss. 59-73, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.03.
Vancouver Sezgin V. An Evaluation on the GATT, the WTO’s Agreement on Safeguards, and the Dispute Settlement Procedure. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29(48):59-73.