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Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 04.04.2017

Murat Yıldırım Erdem Bahar

Öz

An experiment was conducted to determine the simultaneous relationship between radiation interception, evapotranspiration, plant development and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) grown at three different planting densities: I100 (100x33 cm, 30 303 plant per hectare), I50 (50x33 cm, 60 000 plant per hectare) and I30 (30x33cm, 101 010 plant per hectare). Irrigation treatments were designed according to the wetted percentage in the field. The wetted area was 33% for I100, 66% for I50, and 55% for I30. Comparing plant densities in terms of yield and plant development parameters, the findings indicated that a spacing of 50x33 cm was more suitable for tomato growth in fields at 60 000 plant per hectare since this interval probably provided cooler conditions at 30 cm in the soil profile, which also increased radiation use efficiency of the tomato. Hence, Radiation Utilization Efficiency in both fresh and dry weight (leaf+stem+fruit) was also higher with applied water of 950 mm and water consumption of 1263 mm in I50. In the three plant densities, a combination of 60 000 plant per hectare (50x33 cm) gave the best planting intervals for tomato in terms of plant growth and yield.




Anahtar Kelimeler

Tomato Photosynthetically active radiation Radiation use efficiency Solar radiation

Kaynakça

  • Adams, P (1992) Crop nutrition in hydroponics. Acta Hort. 323: 289-305.
  • Ahmad S, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ali H, Shad SA, Ahmad A, Maqsood M, Khan MB, Mehmood S, Hussain A (2008) Water and radiation use efficiencies of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different plant densities and irrigation regimes under semi-arid environment. Pak. J. Bot., 40(1): 199-209.
  • Biscoe PV, Gallagher JN (1978) Physical analysis of cereal yield. Production of dry matter. Agric. Progress, 34-50.
  • Boztok K (1990) Sera sebze yetiştiriciliğinde solar radyasyona göre sulama, Türkiye ve Seracılık Sempozyumu, İzmir, 109-117. (In Turkish).
  • Colado AM, Portas CM (1987) Base-temperature and date of planting in processing tomatoes. Acta Hort.(ISHS) II. International symposium on processing tomatoes, XXII, IHC. 185-194.
  • Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (1979) Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrig.and Drain.Paper, No. 33, Rome, 193.
  • Gimenez C, Connor DJ, Rueda F (1994) Canopy development, photosynthesis and radiation-use efficiency in sunflower in response to nitrogen. Field Crops Res. 38, 15-27.
  • Gungor Y, Erozel AZ, Yildirim O (1996) Sulama, Ankara Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi, Yayin No: 1443, Ders Kitabı: 424, Ankara.
  • Kirda C, Cetin M, Dasgan Y, Topcu S, Kaman H, Ekici B, Derici MR, Ozguven AI (2004) Yield response of greenhouse grown tomato on partial root drying and conventional deficit irrigation, Agricultural Water Management. 69, 191-201.
  • Kırnak H, Kaya C (2004) Determination of irrigation scheduling of tomato using pan-evaporation in Harran plain. GOÜ. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. Vol.21(1) p. 43-50.
  • Kodal S, Olgun M, Selenay MF, Yildirim E (1995) Farklı Sulama Uygulamalarının Domates Verimine Etkisi, 5. Ulusal Kültürteknik Kongresi, Kemer-Antalya.(In Turkish) s. 407–422.
  • Law-Ogbomo KE, Egharevba RKA (2009) Effects of planting density and NPK fertilizer application on yield and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in forest location. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(2): 152-158.
  • Lindquist JL, Arkebauer TJ, Walters DT, Cassman KG, Dobermann A (2005) Maize radiation use efficiency under optimal growth conditions, Agronomy Journals, Vol.97, January-February 2005. p. 72-78.
  • Machado RM, do Rosário M, Oliveira G, Portas CAM (2003) Tomato root distribution, yield and fruit quality under subsurface drip irrigation. Plant and Soil, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 255: 333-341.
  • Monteith JL, Unsworth MH (1973) Principles of Environmental Physics (2nd Edition), Oxford Auckland Boston Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi.
  • Monteith JL (1977) Climate and Efficiency of Crop Production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society London B. 281: 277-297.
  • Monteith JL, Elston JL (1983) Performance and productivity of foliage in the field. In: The Growth and Functioning of Leaves (Eds): JE Dale and FL Miltthorpe. Camb.Univ.Press. Butterworths. London, pp. 499-518.
  • Ngouajio M, Wang G, Goldy R (2006) Withholding of drip irrigation between transplanting and flowering increases the yield of field-grown tomato under plastic mulch. Agricultural Water Management (Retrieved from: doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.007.)
  • Patane C, La-Rosa S, Tringali S, Scandurra S (2010) Radiation use and irrigation water use efficiency in processing tomato at two plant densities under deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean climate. ISHS Acta Horticulture 922: XXVIII International Symposium on CLIMWATER 2010.
  • Rudich J, Rendon-Poblete E, Stevens MA, Ambri AI (1981) Use of leaf water potential to determine water stress in field grown tomato plants. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106, 732-736.
  • Sadek II, Mostafa DM, Yoursy MM (2013) Appropriate six equations to estimate reliable growing degree-days for eggplant. American-Eurasian J. Agric & Environ. Sci. 13(9): 1187-1194.
  • Sarlikioti V, Meinen E, Marcelis LFM (2011) Crop reflectance as a tool for the online monitoring of LAI and PAR interception in two different greenhouse crops. Biosystem Engineering 108, 114-120.
  • Sezen SM, Yazar A, Eker S (2006) Effect of drip irrigation regimes on yield and quality of field grown bell pepper. Agricultural Water Management 81, 115-131.
  • Simsek M, Kacura M, Tonkaz T (2004) The effect of different irrigation regimes on watermelon (Citrillus Ianatus (Tmunb)) yield and yield components under semiarid climatic conditions. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 52, 103-113.
  • Tanner CB, Sinclair TR (1983) Efficient water use in crop production: research or re-search. In: Taylor HM et al. (Eds.). Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production. ASA, Madison, WI, p. 1-27.
  • Thomas JR, Namken LN, Oerther GF, Brown RG (1971) Estimating leaf water content by reflectance measurements. Agronomy Journal Vol.63. Nov-Dec 1971, p. 845-847.
  • Trapani N, Hall AJ, Sadras VO, Vilella F (1992) Ontogenic changes in radiation use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Field Crops Res. 29, 301-316.
  • Whitfield DM, Connor DJ, Hall AJ (1989) Carbon dioxide balance of sunflower subjected to water stress during grain filling. Field Crops Res. 20, 65-80.
  • Yavuz MY, Yildirim M, Camoglu G, Erken O (2007) Effect of different irrigation levels on yield, water use efficiency and some quality parameters of tomato. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist Vol.90, No.4, 283-288.
  • Yildirim O (1996) Sulama Sistemleri II. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 1449, Ders Kitabı: 429.
  • Yildirim M (2010) Water management in coastal areas with low quality irrigation water for pepper growth. Journal of Coastal Research 26 (5): 2010.
  • Yoshioka H, Takahashi K (1979) Studies on the translocation and accumulation of photosynthates in fruit vegetables. II. The translocation and distribution of 14C-photosynthates in tomato plants during reproductive development and effects of topping and shading. Bull. Veg. Ornam. Crops Res. Sta. Jpn. A6: 71-84.
  • Zotarelli L, Scholberg JM, Dukes MD, Rafael MC, Icerman J (2009) Tomato yield, biomass accumulation, root distribution and irrigation water use efficiency on a sandy soil, as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation scheduling, Agricultural Water Management 96, 23-34.

Arazi koşullarında üç farklı bitki yoğunluğunda yetiştirilen domates’in (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) su ve radyasyon kullanım etkinliği

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 04.04.2017

Murat Yıldırım Erdem Bahar

Öz



Bu çalışma,
domates (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
bitkisinin su ve radyasyon kullanım etkinliğini, verim ve bitki gelişim
parametrelerini aynı anda belirlemek için arazi koşullarında yürütülmüştür.
Domates fideleri arazi koşullarına üç faklı sıklıkta dikilmiştir; I100
(100x33cm, 30 303 bitki hektar-1), I50 (50x33cm,
60 000 bitki hektar-1 ) ve I30 (30x33cm,
101 010 bitki hektar-1). Sulama konuları ıslatılan alan
yüzdesine göre oluşturulmuştur, I100 sulama konusunda alanın % 33’ü,
I50 konusunda % 60 ve I30 konusunda alanın % 55’i
ıslatılmıştır. Sulama konuları arasında verim ve bitki gelişim değerleri
karşılaştırıldığında, bulgular 50x33 cm sıklığında dikilen veya bir hektar
alanda 60 000 bitkinin olduğu bitki sıklığında en uygun sonucu vermiştir.
Söz konusu bitki sıklığında (50x33cm) bitkilerin sağladığı gölgeleme ile
toprağın ilk 30 cm derinliğinde daha serin bir ortam oluşturulmuş ve bu durum
bitkilerin su ve radyasyondan daha etkili bir şekilde faydalanmalarını
sağlamıştır. Domates bitkisinde hem yaş hem de kuru ağırlık olarak mevsimlik
sulama suyunun 950 mm ve bitki su tüketiminin 1263 mm olduğu I50 konusunda
elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, mevcut radyasyon ve uygulanan sulama suyundan en
etkin bir şekilde faydalanılması için domates fidelerinin 50x33 cm aralığında
dikilmesi sulama yönetiminde bir strateji olarak önerilebilir. 




Anahtar Kelimeler

Domates Fotosentetik aktif radyasyon Radyasyon kullanım etkinliği Solar radyasyon

Kaynakça

  • Adams, P (1992) Crop nutrition in hydroponics. Acta Hort. 323: 289-305.
  • Ahmad S, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Ali H, Shad SA, Ahmad A, Maqsood M, Khan MB, Mehmood S, Hussain A (2008) Water and radiation use efficiencies of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) at different plant densities and irrigation regimes under semi-arid environment. Pak. J. Bot., 40(1): 199-209.
  • Biscoe PV, Gallagher JN (1978) Physical analysis of cereal yield. Production of dry matter. Agric. Progress, 34-50.
  • Boztok K (1990) Sera sebze yetiştiriciliğinde solar radyasyona göre sulama, Türkiye ve Seracılık Sempozyumu, İzmir, 109-117. (In Turkish).
  • Colado AM, Portas CM (1987) Base-temperature and date of planting in processing tomatoes. Acta Hort.(ISHS) II. International symposium on processing tomatoes, XXII, IHC. 185-194.
  • Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (1979) Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrig.and Drain.Paper, No. 33, Rome, 193.
  • Gimenez C, Connor DJ, Rueda F (1994) Canopy development, photosynthesis and radiation-use efficiency in sunflower in response to nitrogen. Field Crops Res. 38, 15-27.
  • Gungor Y, Erozel AZ, Yildirim O (1996) Sulama, Ankara Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi, Yayin No: 1443, Ders Kitabı: 424, Ankara.
  • Kirda C, Cetin M, Dasgan Y, Topcu S, Kaman H, Ekici B, Derici MR, Ozguven AI (2004) Yield response of greenhouse grown tomato on partial root drying and conventional deficit irrigation, Agricultural Water Management. 69, 191-201.
  • Kırnak H, Kaya C (2004) Determination of irrigation scheduling of tomato using pan-evaporation in Harran plain. GOÜ. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. Vol.21(1) p. 43-50.
  • Kodal S, Olgun M, Selenay MF, Yildirim E (1995) Farklı Sulama Uygulamalarının Domates Verimine Etkisi, 5. Ulusal Kültürteknik Kongresi, Kemer-Antalya.(In Turkish) s. 407–422.
  • Law-Ogbomo KE, Egharevba RKA (2009) Effects of planting density and NPK fertilizer application on yield and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in forest location. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(2): 152-158.
  • Lindquist JL, Arkebauer TJ, Walters DT, Cassman KG, Dobermann A (2005) Maize radiation use efficiency under optimal growth conditions, Agronomy Journals, Vol.97, January-February 2005. p. 72-78.
  • Machado RM, do Rosário M, Oliveira G, Portas CAM (2003) Tomato root distribution, yield and fruit quality under subsurface drip irrigation. Plant and Soil, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 255: 333-341.
  • Monteith JL, Unsworth MH (1973) Principles of Environmental Physics (2nd Edition), Oxford Auckland Boston Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi.
  • Monteith JL (1977) Climate and Efficiency of Crop Production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society London B. 281: 277-297.
  • Monteith JL, Elston JL (1983) Performance and productivity of foliage in the field. In: The Growth and Functioning of Leaves (Eds): JE Dale and FL Miltthorpe. Camb.Univ.Press. Butterworths. London, pp. 499-518.
  • Ngouajio M, Wang G, Goldy R (2006) Withholding of drip irrigation between transplanting and flowering increases the yield of field-grown tomato under plastic mulch. Agricultural Water Management (Retrieved from: doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.07.007.)
  • Patane C, La-Rosa S, Tringali S, Scandurra S (2010) Radiation use and irrigation water use efficiency in processing tomato at two plant densities under deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean climate. ISHS Acta Horticulture 922: XXVIII International Symposium on CLIMWATER 2010.
  • Rudich J, Rendon-Poblete E, Stevens MA, Ambri AI (1981) Use of leaf water potential to determine water stress in field grown tomato plants. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106, 732-736.
  • Sadek II, Mostafa DM, Yoursy MM (2013) Appropriate six equations to estimate reliable growing degree-days for eggplant. American-Eurasian J. Agric & Environ. Sci. 13(9): 1187-1194.
  • Sarlikioti V, Meinen E, Marcelis LFM (2011) Crop reflectance as a tool for the online monitoring of LAI and PAR interception in two different greenhouse crops. Biosystem Engineering 108, 114-120.
  • Sezen SM, Yazar A, Eker S (2006) Effect of drip irrigation regimes on yield and quality of field grown bell pepper. Agricultural Water Management 81, 115-131.
  • Simsek M, Kacura M, Tonkaz T (2004) The effect of different irrigation regimes on watermelon (Citrillus Ianatus (Tmunb)) yield and yield components under semiarid climatic conditions. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 52, 103-113.
  • Tanner CB, Sinclair TR (1983) Efficient water use in crop production: research or re-search. In: Taylor HM et al. (Eds.). Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production. ASA, Madison, WI, p. 1-27.
  • Thomas JR, Namken LN, Oerther GF, Brown RG (1971) Estimating leaf water content by reflectance measurements. Agronomy Journal Vol.63. Nov-Dec 1971, p. 845-847.
  • Trapani N, Hall AJ, Sadras VO, Vilella F (1992) Ontogenic changes in radiation use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Field Crops Res. 29, 301-316.
  • Whitfield DM, Connor DJ, Hall AJ (1989) Carbon dioxide balance of sunflower subjected to water stress during grain filling. Field Crops Res. 20, 65-80.
  • Yavuz MY, Yildirim M, Camoglu G, Erken O (2007) Effect of different irrigation levels on yield, water use efficiency and some quality parameters of tomato. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist Vol.90, No.4, 283-288.
  • Yildirim O (1996) Sulama Sistemleri II. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 1449, Ders Kitabı: 429.
  • Yildirim M (2010) Water management in coastal areas with low quality irrigation water for pepper growth. Journal of Coastal Research 26 (5): 2010.
  • Yoshioka H, Takahashi K (1979) Studies on the translocation and accumulation of photosynthates in fruit vegetables. II. The translocation and distribution of 14C-photosynthates in tomato plants during reproductive development and effects of topping and shading. Bull. Veg. Ornam. Crops Res. Sta. Jpn. A6: 71-84.
  • Zotarelli L, Scholberg JM, Dukes MD, Rafael MC, Icerman J (2009) Tomato yield, biomass accumulation, root distribution and irrigation water use efficiency on a sandy soil, as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation scheduling, Agricultural Water Management 96, 23-34.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yıldırım

Erdem Bahar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Nisan 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, M., & Bahar, E. (2017). Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 30(1), 39-45.
AMA Yıldırım M, Bahar E. Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. Nisan 2017;30(1):39-45.
Chicago Yıldırım, Murat, ve Erdem Bahar. “Water and Radiation Use-Efficiencies of Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum L.) at Three Different Planting Densities in Open Field”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 30, sy. 1 (Nisan 2017): 39-45.
EndNote Yıldırım M, Bahar E (01 Nisan 2017) Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 30 1 39–45.
IEEE M. Yıldırım ve E. Bahar, “Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, c. 30, sy. 1, ss. 39–45, 2017.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Murat - Bahar, Erdem. “Water and Radiation Use-Efficiencies of Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum L.) at Three Different Planting Densities in Open Field”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 30/1 (Nisan 2017), 39-45.
JAMA Yıldırım M, Bahar E. Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2017;30:39–45.
MLA Yıldırım, Murat ve Erdem Bahar. “Water and Radiation Use-Efficiencies of Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum L.) at Three Different Planting Densities in Open Field”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, c. 30, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 39-45.
Vancouver Yıldırım M, Bahar E. Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2017;30(1):39-45.
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