Araştırma Makalesi
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INVOLVEMENT OF GENERATION Z ON HOLIDAY

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 54, 529 - 554, 30.07.2020

Öz

Studies on generations are among the current research topics in marketing and consumer behavior. Generation Z shows itself as new consumers. The involvement of Generation Z, which is more intertwined with technology than the previous generations, is the topic of this study. Factors such as value perceptions, risk
perceptions and interests of consumers give important clues in understanding consumer involvement. Gender variable is another important variable taken into consideration in marketing studies. In this respect, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a significant difference in the involvement of Generation Z according to gender and planned holiday status, and to determine the theoretical fit of the data obtained from the Turkish Z Generation sample with the model. In this study, data were collected from a total of 314 participants with convenience sampling method and face-to-face survey technique. Validity and reliability analyses were
performed on the data. As the data meet the normal distribution assumption, then we conducted Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to the Involvement Scale in accordance with the purpose of the study. Independent samples t test was used to reveal differences between groups. According to the results of
the study, it was found that Generation Z did not show a significant difference in the involvement for holiday by gender, but for the participants who planned their holidays, the interest/perceived importance from the holiday was significantly higher than who did not make plan for holiday. In addition, it was determined that the original involvement scale adapted for the holiday product of the data obtained from Generation Z was in fit with the five-factor of the theoretical structure.

Kaynakça

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  • Anderson, T. & Dron, J. (2011). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 12(3), 80-97.
  • Arıkan, R. (2011). Araştırma Yöntem ve Teknikleri. 1. Basım. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Bakewell, C. & Mitchell, V. W. (2003). Generation Y female consumer decision-making styles. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 31(2), 95-106.
  • Bauer, R. A. (1967). Consumer behavior as risk taking. Cox, D. F. (Ed.). In Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. (pp: 23-33). Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1981). An exploration into the scaling of consumers’ involvement with a product class. Monroe, K. B. & Abor, A. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp: 61-65). Vol. 08. MI: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1982). Involvement beyond the purchase process: Conceptual Issues and empirical investigation, Mitchell, A. & Abor, A. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp: 413-417). Vol. 09. MI:Association for Consumer Research.
  • Bonadonna, A., Giachino, C. & Truant, E. (2017). Sustainability and mountain tourism: The millennial’s perspective. Sustainability. 9, (1219), 2-15.
  • CBI Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2019). Which trends offer opportunities or pose threats on the European outbound tourism market?. https://www.cbi.eu/node/2208/pdf/ adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019].
  • Chiang, L., Manthiou, A., Tang, J. S., Shin, J. & Morrison, A. (2014). A comparative study of generational preferences for trip-planning resources: A case study of international tourists to shanghai. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 15(1), 78-99.
  • Clements, J. C. & Josiam, B. (1995). Role of involvement in the travel decision. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 1(4), 337-348.
  • Comrey, A. L. & Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis. New Jersey, NJ: Hillsdale Erlbaum. Cronbach, J. L. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 16(8), 297-334.
  • Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1991). Testing the involvement profile scale in the context of selected recreational and touristic activities, Journal of Leisure Research. 23(1), 51-66.
  • Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1993) Segmenting recreationists and tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing. 1(4), 33-52.
  • Dodd, H. T. (1994). Influences of consumer attitudes and involvement on purchase behavior in an industrial tourism context. (Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy Thesis). Texas Tech University, USA.
  • Doğan, O., Bulut, Z. A. & Çımrın, F. K. (2015). Bireylerin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışlarının ölçülmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 29(4), 659-678.
  • Engizek, N. & Şekerkaya, A. (2016). X ve Y Kuşağı kadınlarının karar verme tarzları bakımından incelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 13(36), 242-271.
  • Expedia Group. (2019). Japanese multi-generational travel trends. https://tourism.tropicalnorthqueensland.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Japanese-Multi-Generational-Travel-Trends-Small.pdf. adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019].
  • Expedia. (2018). Generations on the move. The Center for Generational Kinetics. January, 7-12. https://viewfinder.expedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Expedia-Generations-on-the-Move.pdf.adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2019].
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J. F. & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2018). Smart destinations and tech-savvy millennial tourists: hype versus reality. Tourism Review. 74(1), 63-81.
  • Florya, Y. (2014). Three generations travel saimaa holiday oravi. (Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis). MAMK University, Finland.
  • Gardiner, S., Grace, D. & King, C. (2014). The generation effect: The future of domestic tourism in Australia, Journal of Travel Research. 53(6), 705-720.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürsoy, D. & Gavcar, E. (2003). International leisure tourists’ involvement profile, Annals of Tourism Research. 30(4), 906-926.
  • Haddouche, H. & Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: Tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures. 4(1), 69-79.
  • Hair, Jr. F. J., Black, C. W., Babin, J. B. & Anderson, E. R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7. Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall International.
  • Havitz, M. E. & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts, Leisure Sciences. 12(2), 179-196.
  • Hirschman, E. C. & M. B. Holbrook (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing. 46(3), Summer, 92-101.
  • Hochgraefe, C., Faulk, S. & Vieregge, M. (2012). Links between Swiss Hotel Guests’ product involvement and brand loyalty, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 21(1), 20-39.
  • Jennings, K. M., Stoker, L. & Bowers, J. (2009). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined, Journal of Politics. 71(3), 782-799.
  • Jowet, S. G. & O’Donnell, V. (2019). Propaganda & Persuasion. (7th Edition). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
  • Kamboj, R. & Sharma, P. (2016). Tourism for tomorrow: Travel trends across generations: From baby boomers to millennials. Amity Research Journal of Tourism, Aviation and Hospitality. 01(02), 70-83.
  • Kapferer, J. N. & Laurent, G. (1985). Consumer’s involvement profile: New empirical results. Hirschman, E. & Holbrook, M (Eds.) In Advances in consumer research. (pp. 290-295). Vol.12. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
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  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. (18. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kotler, P. & Keller, L. K. (2012). Marketing Management. (14th Ed). New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
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  • Leong, M. K., Syuhaily, O. & Laily, P. (2017). Relationship between consumer involvement and consumer engagement with consumer loyalty in tourism and hospitality industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences. 6(4), 72-91.
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Z KUŞAĞININ TATİLE YÖNELİK İLGİLENİMİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 54, 529 - 554, 30.07.2020

Öz

Kuşaklar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, pazarlama ve tüketici davranışı açısından güncel araştırma konuları arasında yer alır. Z kuşağı yeni tüketiciler olarak kendini göstermektedir. Önceki kuşaklara göre teknolojiyle daha iç içe yaşayan Z kuşağının tatile yönelik ilgilenimi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Tüketicilerin
değer algıları, risk algıları ve ilgileri gibi etkenler tüketici ilgileniminin anlaşılması yönünde önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Cinsiyet değişkeni ise pazarlama çalışmalarında göz önüne alınan önemli bir diğer değişkendir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, Z kuşağının cinsiyete ve planlı tatil yapma durumuna göre ilgilenimde anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığını ortaya koymak ve Türk Z kuşağı örnekleminden elde edilen verilerin teorik açıdan modelle uyumunu belirlemektir. Çalışmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle ve yüz yüze anket tekniğiyle toplam 314 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Veriler üzerinde geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım varsayımını karşıladığı anlaşılmıştır. Ardından çalışma amacına uygun şekilde İlgilenim Ölçeği’ne Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gruplar arası farklılıkların ortaya çıkarılması için bağımsız gruplar t testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre Z kuşağının cinsiyete göre
tatile yönelik ilgilenimde anlamlı farklılık göstermediği, ancak planlı tatil yapanların tatile yönelik ilgisinin/ üründen algıladıkları önemin plansız tatil yapanlara göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Z kuşağı örnekleminden elde edilen verilerin tatil ürünü için uyarlanan orijinal ilgilenim ölçeğinin beş
faktörlü teorik yapı ile uyum içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Altuntuğ, N. (2012). Kuşaktan kuşağa tüketim olgusu ve geleceğin tüketici profili. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 4(1), 203-212.
  • Anderson, T. & Dron, J. (2011). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 12(3), 80-97.
  • Arıkan, R. (2011). Araştırma Yöntem ve Teknikleri. 1. Basım. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Bakewell, C. & Mitchell, V. W. (2003). Generation Y female consumer decision-making styles. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. 31(2), 95-106.
  • Bauer, R. A. (1967). Consumer behavior as risk taking. Cox, D. F. (Ed.). In Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. (pp: 23-33). Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1981). An exploration into the scaling of consumers’ involvement with a product class. Monroe, K. B. & Abor, A. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp: 61-65). Vol. 08. MI: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1982). Involvement beyond the purchase process: Conceptual Issues and empirical investigation, Mitchell, A. & Abor, A. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp: 413-417). Vol. 09. MI:Association for Consumer Research.
  • Bonadonna, A., Giachino, C. & Truant, E. (2017). Sustainability and mountain tourism: The millennial’s perspective. Sustainability. 9, (1219), 2-15.
  • CBI Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2019). Which trends offer opportunities or pose threats on the European outbound tourism market?. https://www.cbi.eu/node/2208/pdf/ adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019].
  • Chiang, L., Manthiou, A., Tang, J. S., Shin, J. & Morrison, A. (2014). A comparative study of generational preferences for trip-planning resources: A case study of international tourists to shanghai. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 15(1), 78-99.
  • Clements, J. C. & Josiam, B. (1995). Role of involvement in the travel decision. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 1(4), 337-348.
  • Comrey, A. L. & Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis. New Jersey, NJ: Hillsdale Erlbaum. Cronbach, J. L. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 16(8), 297-334.
  • Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1991). Testing the involvement profile scale in the context of selected recreational and touristic activities, Journal of Leisure Research. 23(1), 51-66.
  • Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E. & Howard, D. R. (1993) Segmenting recreationists and tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing. 1(4), 33-52.
  • Dodd, H. T. (1994). Influences of consumer attitudes and involvement on purchase behavior in an industrial tourism context. (Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy Thesis). Texas Tech University, USA.
  • Doğan, O., Bulut, Z. A. & Çımrın, F. K. (2015). Bireylerin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışlarının ölçülmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 29(4), 659-678.
  • Engizek, N. & Şekerkaya, A. (2016). X ve Y Kuşağı kadınlarının karar verme tarzları bakımından incelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 13(36), 242-271.
  • Expedia Group. (2019). Japanese multi-generational travel trends. https://tourism.tropicalnorthqueensland.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Japanese-Multi-Generational-Travel-Trends-Small.pdf. adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2019].
  • Expedia. (2018). Generations on the move. The Center for Generational Kinetics. January, 7-12. https://viewfinder.expedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Expedia-Generations-on-the-Move.pdf.adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2019].
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J. F. & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2018). Smart destinations and tech-savvy millennial tourists: hype versus reality. Tourism Review. 74(1), 63-81.
  • Florya, Y. (2014). Three generations travel saimaa holiday oravi. (Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis). MAMK University, Finland.
  • Gardiner, S., Grace, D. & King, C. (2014). The generation effect: The future of domestic tourism in Australia, Journal of Travel Research. 53(6), 705-720.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürsoy, D. & Gavcar, E. (2003). International leisure tourists’ involvement profile, Annals of Tourism Research. 30(4), 906-926.
  • Haddouche, H. & Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: Tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures. 4(1), 69-79.
  • Hair, Jr. F. J., Black, C. W., Babin, J. B. & Anderson, E. R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7. Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall International.
  • Havitz, M. E. & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts, Leisure Sciences. 12(2), 179-196.
  • Hirschman, E. C. & M. B. Holbrook (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing. 46(3), Summer, 92-101.
  • Hochgraefe, C., Faulk, S. & Vieregge, M. (2012). Links between Swiss Hotel Guests’ product involvement and brand loyalty, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 21(1), 20-39.
  • Jennings, K. M., Stoker, L. & Bowers, J. (2009). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined, Journal of Politics. 71(3), 782-799.
  • Jowet, S. G. & O’Donnell, V. (2019). Propaganda & Persuasion. (7th Edition). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2008). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık.
  • Kamboj, R. & Sharma, P. (2016). Tourism for tomorrow: Travel trends across generations: From baby boomers to millennials. Amity Research Journal of Tourism, Aviation and Hospitality. 01(02), 70-83.
  • Kapferer, J. N. & Laurent, G. (1985). Consumer’s involvement profile: New empirical results. Hirschman, E. & Holbrook, M (Eds.) In Advances in consumer research. (pp. 290-295). Vol.12. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Kapferer, J.-N. & Laurent, G. (1993). Further evidence on the consumer involvement profile: Five antecedents of involvement, Psychology & Marketing. 10(4), 347-355.
  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. (18. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kotler, P. & Keller, L. K. (2012). Marketing Management. (14th Ed). New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall.
  • Krugman, H. E. (1965). The impact of television advertising: Learning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly. 29(3), 349-356.
  • Leong, M. K., Syuhaily, O. & Laily, P. (2017). Relationship between consumer involvement and consumer engagement with consumer loyalty in tourism and hospitality industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences. 6(4), 72-91.
  • Li, M.-Y. (2014). Effects of story marketing and travel involvement on tourist behavioral intention in the tourism industry. Sustainability. 6, 9387-9397.
  • Li, X. & Li, X. R. & Hudson, S. (2013). the application of generational theory to tourism consumer behavior: An American perspective, Tourism Management. 37(C), 147-164.
  • Lockshin, L. & Spawton, T. (2001). Using involvement and brand equity to develop a wine tourism strategy. International Journal of Wine Marketing. 13(1), 72-81.
  • McCrindle, M. & Wolfinger, E. (2009). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the Global Generations. Sydney (Australia): A UNSW Press Ltd.
  • Mccrindle. (2019). Generation Z, infographics. https://mccrindle.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GenZGenAlpha.pdf adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi, 15.09.2019].
  • McQuarrie, E. F. & Munson, J. M. (1987). The zaichkowsky personal involvement inventory: Modification and extension. Wallendorf, M. & Anderson, P. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp. 36-40). Vol. 14. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Michaelidou, N. & Dibb, S. (2008). Consumer involvement: A new perspective. Marketing Review. 8(1), 83-99.
  • Mitchell, A. A. (1979). Involvement: A potentially important mediator of consumer behavior, Wilkie, W. L. & Abor, A. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp. 191-196). Vol. 06. MI: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Mittal, B. & Lee, M. S. (1989). A causal model of consumer involvement. Journal of Economic Psychology. 10(3),363-389.
  • Mittal, B. (1989). Measuring Purchase‐decision involvement. Psychology & Marketing. 6(2), 147-162. Otnes, C. & McGrath, A. M. (2000). Perceptions and realities of male shopping behavior, Journal of Retailing. 77 (2001), 111-137.
  • Özbek, V. & Külahlı, A. (2016). Tüketicilerin ilgilenim, memnuniyet ve sadakat düzeyleri cinsiyete göre değişmekte midir?. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal. 4(3), 316-340.
  • Pendergast, D. (2010). Getting to know the Y generation. Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G. & Pendergast, D.(Eds.). In Tourism and Generation Y. (pp: 85-97). Cambridge: CAB International.
  • Prayag, G. & Ryan, C. (2012). Antecedents of tourists’ loyalty to mauritius: The role and influence of destination image, place attachment, personal involvement, and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research. 51(3), 342- 356.
  • Reeves, T. C. & Oh, E. J. (2007). Generation differences and educational technology research. Spector, J. M, Merrill, M. D., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. & Driscoll, M. (Eds.) In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 295-303). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Robinson, M. V. & Shanzel, H. A. (2019). A tourism inflex: Generation Z travel experiences. Journal of Tourism Futures. 5(2), 127-141.
  • Rodrigeuez-Molina, M.C., Frias-Jamilena, D. M. & Castañeda-García, J. A. (2015). The contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The moderating effect of involvement. Tourism Management. April 47, 303-317.
  • Rossiter, John R. & Percy Larry (1991). Emotions and motivationa in advertising. Holman, R. H. & Solomon, R. M. (Eds.). In NA-Advances in Consumer Research. (pp.100-110). Vol. 18. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Rothschild, M. L. (1979). Advertising strategies for high and low involvement situations. In Maloney, J.C. & Silverman, B. (Eds.). In Attitude research plays for high stakes. (pp.74-93). American Marketing Association Proceedings.
  • Sá, A. M. N. C. S. (2017). Hotel management and the generational impact of millennials and igen, escola superior de hotelaria e turismo do estoril. (Unpublished Master Thesis). Hotel Management, Portugal.
  • Schumacker, R. E. & Lomax, G. R. (2010). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. (3rd Edition). NY: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Setiawan, B., Trisdyani, N. L. P., Adnyana, P. P. A., Adnyana, N. I., Wiweka, K. & Wulandani, H. R. (2018).The profile and behaviour of ‘digital tourists’ when making decisions concerning travelling case study:Generation Z in South Jakarta, Advances in Research. 17(2), 1-13.
  • Sherif, C. W., Sherif, M. & Nebergall, R. E. (1965). Attitude and attitude change: The social judgment-involvement approach. Philadelphia: Saunders.
  • Sherif, C.W. & Sherif, M. (1967). Attitude, Ego-Involvement, and Change. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • Sherif, M. & Sargent, S. (1947). Ego-involvement and the mass media. Journal of Social Issues. 3(3), 8-16.
  • Sima, C. (2016). Generations BB, X, Y, Z, α – the changing consumer in the hospitality industry. Ivanovap, M., Ivanov, S. & Magnini, V. P. (Eds.). In The Routledge Handbook of Hotel Chain Management. (pp. 471-479). UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Smith, S. W., Atkin, C. K., Martell, D. P., Allen, R. & Hembroff, L. A. (2006). A social judgment theory approach to conducting formative research in a social norms campaign. Communication Theory. 16(1), 141-152.
  • Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (1991). Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069. New York, USA:William Morrow & Company.
  • Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (1997). The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy. New York: Broadway Books.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  • Tavares, M. J., Sawant, M. S. & Ban, O. (2018). A study of the travel preferences of generation Z located in Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais-Brazil). e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR). 15(2-3), 223-241.
  • Tolbize, A. (2008). Generational differences in the workplace. USA: University of Minnesota. https://rtc.umn.edu/docs/2_18_Gen_diff_workplace.pdf adresinden alındı. [Erişim Tarihi: 18.08.2019].
  • Törőcsik, M., Szűcs, K. & Kehl, D. (2014). How generations think: Research on generation Z, Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Communicatio. 1, 23-45.
  • Ulusu, Y. (2016). İlgilenim. Öneri Dergisi. 12(45), 569-586.
  • Uslu, A. (2017). Müşteri-çalışan uyumunun müşteri memnuniyeti ve davranışsal niyetine etkisi: Fethiye’deki konaklama işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 9(2), 197-211.
  • Venter, D., Makwela, M. & Johnson, E. H. (2015). Enhancing visitor awareness and experience to the South African Armour Museum through eMarketing and new media, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. 4(1), 1-15.
  • Williams, K. C. & Page, R. A. (2011). Marketing to the generations. Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business. 3(1), 37-53.
  • Yong, G. A. & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology. 9(2), 79-94.
  • Zaichkowsky, L. J. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research. 12, December, 341-352.
  • Zaichkowsky, L. J. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising. 15(2), 4-15.
  • Zaichkowsky, L. J. (2010). Consumer involvement. Sheth, J. & Malhotra, N. (Eds.). In Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing. Part 3. (pp: 110-111). UK: John Wiley & Sons International Ltd.
  • Zaichkowsky, L. J. (2013). Research Notes: The personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising. XXIII (4), 59-70.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale Başvuru
Yazarlar

Günseli Güçlütürk Baran Bu kişi benim

Elçin Noyan

Ali Naci Karabulut Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 54

Kaynak Göster

APA Güçlütürk Baran, G., Noyan, E., & Karabulut, A. N. (2020). Z KUŞAĞININ TATİLE YÖNELİK İLGİLENİMİ. Öneri Dergisi, 15(54), 529-554.

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