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AN INVASIVE WETLAND PLANT EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS TRANSITED TO TURKEY IN TERMS OF ITS RISKS AND ECONOMIC USAGES

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 128 - 137, 31.12.2018

Öz

Eichhornia
crassipes

(Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) is a perennial aquatic invasive weed throughout
the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This weed (
water hyacinth) can invade lakes, rivers, ponds, lagoons and
freshwaters.
 Because of high reproducibility and
adaptability to various environment, water hyacinth rapidly occupies new
habitats and causes serious
environmental problems. For these reasons, numerous management
strategies such as chemical, biological and physical are used to control the
plant in aquatic environment. However,
there are ongoing research to determine its value and economic exploitation
strategies. It has been found that E.
crassipes
could be used as a renewable energy resource for production of
bioenergy, paper, fertilizer, animal fodder and phytoremediation-wastewater
treatment. In recent years, water hyacinth has been observed and
identified from Asi River, Hatay. Since then, the species has
established itself tremendously becoming the most dominant floating plant
species in the river. There is no certain and detailed information about
water hyacinth in
our country
.
Due to this alien plant is considered as a pest due to its invasive
characteristics it poses a various risks for ecosystem, Amik lowland
agriculture, aquatic organisms and public health.
In this way,
further studies designed for the management strategies of
water hyacinth in Asi River
from several regional or local authorities would be beneficial to reveal its
risks and aconomic usages in detail. The appreciations of this review also
provide valuable data to be used in management strategies against this invasive
aquatic plant species posing potential risks for ecosystem. In addition, the
cleaned
water hyacinth samples with long or short term management programs like drainage basin of Asi
River, mechanized barges and dredges can be considered as raw material for the
production of
biogas, fodder, organic fertilizer, medicine, paper
and furniture.

Hereby, the overall assesments in this review
presents a general information about invasive wetland plant E. crassipes recently transited to Turkey both its
possible management strategies and important economic usages.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Adegunloye, D.V, Olosunde, S.Y. & Omokanju, A.B. (2013). Evaluation of Ratio Variation of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) on the Production of Pig Dung Biogas, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(3), 44–48.
  • 2. Anandha Varun, R. & Kalpana, S. (2015). Performance analysis of nutrient removal in pond water using water Hyacinth and Azolla with papaya stem. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Technol. (IRJET) 2, 444e448.
  • 3. Anonim, (2010). T.C. Zirai Karantina Yönetmeliği, pp. 54. Agricultural Quarantine Regulation, Ankara.
  • 4. Anonim (2015). T.C. Zirai Karantina Yönetmeliği, pp. 54. Agricultural Quarantine Regulation, Ankara.
  • 5. Barrett, S.C.H. (1977). Breeding systems in Eichhornia and Pontederia, tristylous genera of the Pontederiaceae, Dissertation, University of California.
  • 6. Barrett, S.C.H. (1980). Sexual reproduction in Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). II. Seed production in natural populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 113–124.
  • 7. Barrett, S.C.H. (1989). Waterweed invasions, Scientific American, 260, 90–97.
  • 8. Brundu, G., Azzella, M. M., Blasi, C., Camarda, I., Iberite, M. & Celesti-Grapow, L. (2013). The silent invasion of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. in Italy, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with All Aspects of Plant Biology, 147(4), 1120–1127. doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.861536.
  • 9. CABI (2015). Invasive Species Compendium. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20544 (Son erişim: 18 Eylül 2018).
  • 10. Cacho, O.J., Spring, D., Pheloung, P. & Hester, S. (2006). Evaluating the feasibility of eradicating an invasion, Biological Invasions, 8, 903–917. doi:10.1007/s10530-005-4733-9.
  • 11. Coetzee, J.A., Hill, M.P., Julien, M.H. & Cordo, H.A. (2009). Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms–Laub. (Pontederiaceae), Cambridge University Press, 183–210.
  • 12. Cronk, J.K., Fenessy, M.S. (2001). Wetland plants: biology and ecology, Lewis Publishers. 462 pp.
  • 13. Eckenwalder, J.E. & Barrett, S.C.H. (1986). Phylogenetic systematics of Pontederiaceae, Systematic Botany, 11, 373–391.
  • 14. EEA (2012). The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe. EEA Technical report No 16/2012. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/impacts-of-invasive- alien-species (Son erişim: 03 Ocak 2017).
  • 15. EPPO (2008). Data sheets on quarantine pests. Eichhornia crassipes. EPPO Bulletin, 38, 441–449.
  • 16. Feng, W., Xiao, K., Zhou, W., Zhu, D., Zhou, Y., Yuan, Y. & Zhao, J. (2016). Analysis of utilization technologies for Eichhornia crassipes biomass harvested after restoration of wastewater, Bioresource Technology, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.047.
  • 17. GIC, Grupo de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación de la Universidad de Extremadura, (2006). Informe sobre Distribución y Biología Reproductora del jacinto de Agua en el Guadiana, 12 vols., Diciembre de 2006, Confederación Hidrógráfica del Guadiana, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Badajoz, España, Vol. 11 (121 pp), Vol. 12 (386 pp).
  • 18. Gopal, B. (1987). Water Hyacinth. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • 19. Guitierrez, E.L., Ruiz, E.F., Uribe, E.G. & Martinez, J.M. (2000). Biomass and productivity of water hyacinth and their application in control programs. In: Hill MP, editor. Proceedings of the second IOBC global working group on the biological and integrated control of water hyacinth, vol. 102. Beijing, China: ACIAR, 109–19 p.
  • 20. Gunnarsson, C.C., Petersen & C.M. (2007). Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production: a literature review, Waste Management, 27, 117–129. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.011.
  • 21. Guragain, Y.N., De Coninck, J., Husson, F., Durand, A. & Rakshit, S.K. (2011). Comparison of some new pretreatment methods for second generation bioethanol production from wheat straw and water hyacinth. Bioresource Technology, 102, 4416–4424. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.125.
  • 22. Harley, K.L.S., Julien, M.H. & Wright, A.D. (1996). Water hyacinth: a tropical worldwide problem and methods for its control. In Proceedings of the Second International Weed Control Congress, held in Copenhagen in June 1996, ed. H. Brown, G.W. Cussans, M.D. Devine, et al. Slagelse, Denmark: Department of Weed Control and Pesticide Ecology, pp. 639–644.
  • 23. Harley, K.L.S. (1990). The role of biological control in the management of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, Biocontrol News and Information, 11, 11–22.
  • 24. Hilooğlu, M. & Sözen, E. (2017). Distribution patterns and ISSR PCR optimisation of invasive plant Eichhornia crassipes in Asi River, Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(2), 75-80.
  • 25. Julien, M. (2008). Plant biology and other issues that relate to the management of water hyacinth: A global perspective with focus on Europe, EPPO Bulletin, 38, 477–486. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2338.2008.01267.x.
  • 26. Julien, M.H., Griffiths, M.W. & Wright, A.D. (1999). Biological Control of Water Hyacinth. The Weevils Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae: Biologies, Host Ranges, and Rearing, Releasing and Monitoring Techniques for Biological Control of Eichhornia crassipes, Monograph 60. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 87 pp.
  • 27. Kayıkçı, S., Sönmez, B. & Atahan, A. (2014). Samandağ Kıyı Kumullarının Güncel Durumu Raporu. Antakya Doğa Sanat ve Turizm Derneği & Samandağ Çevre Koruma ve Turizm Derneği, 53 s, Hatay.
  • 28. Lalitha, P. & Jayanthi, P. (2014). Antiaging Activity of the Skin Cream containing Ethyl Acetate Extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SOLMS, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(1), 29–34.
  • 29. Laranjeira, C.M. & Nadais, G. (2008). Eichhornia crassipes control in the largest Portuguese natural freshwater lagoon 1, EPPO Bulletin, 38, 487–495.
  • 30. Liu, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Q. & Yu, S. (2013). Pollination of invasive Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) by the introduced honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) in South China, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299(5), 817–825. doi: 10.1007/s00606-013-0764-3.
  • 31. Malik, A. (2007). Environmental challenge vis a vis opportunity: the case of water hyacinth, Environment International, 33(1), 122–38. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.08.004.
  • 32. Methy, M., Alpert, P. & Roy, J. (1990). Effects of light quality and quantity on growth of the clonal plant Eichhornia crassipes, Oecologia, 84, 265– 271.
  • 33. Moyo, P., Chapungu, L. & Mudzengi, B. (2013). Effectiveness of water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in remediating polluted water: the case of Shagashe river in Masvingo, Masvingo, Zimbabwe, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 4, 55-62.
  • 34. Navarro, L. & Phiri, G. (2000). Water Hyacinth in Africa and the Middle East. A Survey of Problems and Solutions, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (CA).
  • 35. Owens, C.S. & Madsen, J.D. (1995). Low temperature limits of waterhyacinth, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, 63–68.
  • 36. Perez, E.A., Coetzee J.A., Téllez, T.R. & Hill, M.P. (2011). A first report of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) soil seed banks in South Africa, South African Journal of Botany, 77(3), 795–800. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.009.
  • 37. Reddy, K.R., Agami, M. & Tucker, J.C. (1990). Influence of phosphorus supply on growth and nutrient storage by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plants, Aquatic Botany, 37, 355–365.
  • 38. Ren, M.X. & Zhang, Q.G. (2007). Clonal diversity and structure of the invasive aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in China, Aquatic Botany, 87(3), 242–246. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.002.
  • 39. Rezania, S., Ponraj, M., Talaiekhozani, A., Mohamad, S.E., Din, M.F.M, Taib, S.M., Sabbagh, F., M.F. & Samiran, F. (2015). Perspectives of phytoremediation using water hyacinth for removal of heavy metals, organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 163, 125–133. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.018
  • 40. Rezania, S., Din, M.D, M.F., Kamaruddin, S.F., Taib, S.M., Singh, L., Yong, E.L. & Dahalan, F.A., (2016). Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a potential raw material source for briquette production, Energy, 111, 768–773. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.026.
  • 41. Shanab, S.M.M., Shalaby, E.A., Lightfoot, D.A. & El-Shemy, H.A. (2010). Allelopathic effects effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), PLoS One, 5, e13200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013200.
  • 42. Steffen, K., Schrader, G., Starfinger, U., Brunel, S. &Sissons, A. (2012). Pest risk analysis and invasive alien plants: Progress through PRATIQUE. EPPO Bulletin, 42, 28–34.
  • 43. Su, H.B., Cheng, J., Zhou, J.H., Song, W.L. & Cen, K.F. (2010). Hydrogen production from water hyacinth through dark- and photo- fermentation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35, 8929–8937.
  • 44. Tellez, T.R., Lopez, E., Granado, G., Perez, E., Lopez, R. & Guzman, J. (2008). The Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes: an invasive plant in the Guadiana River Basin (Spain), Aquatic Invasions, 3(1): 42–53. doi: 10.3391/ai.2008.3.1.8.
  • 45. Theuri, M. (2013). Water hyacinth – Can its aggressive invasion be controlled ? Environmental Development, 7, 139-154. doi: 10.1016/j.envdev.2013.05.002.
  • 46. Tran, T.T., Nguyen, V.D., Do, D.N., Nguyen, H.P. & Choi, J. (2011). Assessment of electric power generation via water hyacinths and agricultural waste, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 5(7), 627e31.
  • 47. UNEP (2012). Fifth Global Environment Outlook (GEO5): Environment for the future we want. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
  • 48. Üremiş, I., Uludag, A., Arslan, Z. F. & Abaci, O. (2014). A new record for the flora of Turkey: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), EPPO Bulletin, 44(1), 83–86. doi: 10.1111/epp.12096.
  • 49. Vanathi, P., Rajiv, P., Narendhran, S., Rajeshwari, S., Rahman, P.K.S.M. & Venckatesh, R. (2014). Biosynthesis and characterization of phyto mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles: nanoparticles: a green chemistry approach, Mater. Lett., 134, 13–15.
  • 50. Villamagna, A.M., Murphy & B.R. (2010). Ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A review, Freshwater Biology, 55, 282–298. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02294.x.
  • 51. Wilson, J.R.U., Ajuonu, O., Center, T.D., Hill, M.P., Julien, M.H., Katagira, F.F., Neuenschwander, P., Njoka, S.W., Ogwang, J., Reeder, R.H. & Van, T. (2007). The decline of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria was due to biological control by Neochetina spp, Aquatic Botany, 87, 90-93.
  • 52. Wolverton, B.C. & McDonald, R.C. (1979). Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) productivity and harvesting studies, Economic Botany, 33, 1-10.
  • 53. Xu, X., Su, X., Bai, B., Wang, B., Wang, H.L. & Suo, Y.R. (2016). Controlled pesticide release of a novel superabsorbent by grafting citric acid onto water hyacinth powders powders with the assistance of dopamine, RSC Adv., 6 (36), 29880–29888.
  • 54. Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Spencer., C. H. & Barrett H. (2010). Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant. Molecular Ecology, 19, 1774–1786.

RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 128 - 137, 31.12.2018

Öz

Eichhornia
crassipes
(Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) dünyanın tropikal ve
sub-tropikal bölgelerinde istilacı bir sulak alan bitkisidir. Bu bitki, gölleri,
tatlı suları ve nehirleri istila ederek ciddi çevresel sorunlara sebep
olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çeşitli yönetim stratejileri sulak alanlarda bu
bitkinin kontrolünde kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte,  bu bitkinin ekonomik kullanım stratejileri ve
değeri hakkında devam eden araştırmalar da vardır. E. crassipes’in biyoenerji, kağıt, gübre, hayvan yemi üretimi ve
atıksu arıtımında yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği
tespit edilmiştir. Son yıllarda, E.
crassipes
Asi Nehri’nde (Hatay) tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, E. crassipes için Türkiye’de
hem mücadelede etkili olabilecek hem de ekonomik açıdan önemi olan kullanımları
hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Adegunloye, D.V, Olosunde, S.Y. & Omokanju, A.B. (2013). Evaluation of Ratio Variation of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) on the Production of Pig Dung Biogas, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(3), 44–48.
  • 2. Anandha Varun, R. & Kalpana, S. (2015). Performance analysis of nutrient removal in pond water using water Hyacinth and Azolla with papaya stem. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Technol. (IRJET) 2, 444e448.
  • 3. Anonim, (2010). T.C. Zirai Karantina Yönetmeliği, pp. 54. Agricultural Quarantine Regulation, Ankara.
  • 4. Anonim (2015). T.C. Zirai Karantina Yönetmeliği, pp. 54. Agricultural Quarantine Regulation, Ankara.
  • 5. Barrett, S.C.H. (1977). Breeding systems in Eichhornia and Pontederia, tristylous genera of the Pontederiaceae, Dissertation, University of California.
  • 6. Barrett, S.C.H. (1980). Sexual reproduction in Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). II. Seed production in natural populations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 113–124.
  • 7. Barrett, S.C.H. (1989). Waterweed invasions, Scientific American, 260, 90–97.
  • 8. Brundu, G., Azzella, M. M., Blasi, C., Camarda, I., Iberite, M. & Celesti-Grapow, L. (2013). The silent invasion of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. in Italy, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with All Aspects of Plant Biology, 147(4), 1120–1127. doi: 10.1080/11263504.2013.861536.
  • 9. CABI (2015). Invasive Species Compendium. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20544 (Son erişim: 18 Eylül 2018).
  • 10. Cacho, O.J., Spring, D., Pheloung, P. & Hester, S. (2006). Evaluating the feasibility of eradicating an invasion, Biological Invasions, 8, 903–917. doi:10.1007/s10530-005-4733-9.
  • 11. Coetzee, J.A., Hill, M.P., Julien, M.H. & Cordo, H.A. (2009). Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms–Laub. (Pontederiaceae), Cambridge University Press, 183–210.
  • 12. Cronk, J.K., Fenessy, M.S. (2001). Wetland plants: biology and ecology, Lewis Publishers. 462 pp.
  • 13. Eckenwalder, J.E. & Barrett, S.C.H. (1986). Phylogenetic systematics of Pontederiaceae, Systematic Botany, 11, 373–391.
  • 14. EEA (2012). The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe. EEA Technical report No 16/2012. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/impacts-of-invasive- alien-species (Son erişim: 03 Ocak 2017).
  • 15. EPPO (2008). Data sheets on quarantine pests. Eichhornia crassipes. EPPO Bulletin, 38, 441–449.
  • 16. Feng, W., Xiao, K., Zhou, W., Zhu, D., Zhou, Y., Yuan, Y. & Zhao, J. (2016). Analysis of utilization technologies for Eichhornia crassipes biomass harvested after restoration of wastewater, Bioresource Technology, doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.047.
  • 17. GIC, Grupo de Investigación en Biología de la Conservación de la Universidad de Extremadura, (2006). Informe sobre Distribución y Biología Reproductora del jacinto de Agua en el Guadiana, 12 vols., Diciembre de 2006, Confederación Hidrógráfica del Guadiana, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Badajoz, España, Vol. 11 (121 pp), Vol. 12 (386 pp).
  • 18. Gopal, B. (1987). Water Hyacinth. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • 19. Guitierrez, E.L., Ruiz, E.F., Uribe, E.G. & Martinez, J.M. (2000). Biomass and productivity of water hyacinth and their application in control programs. In: Hill MP, editor. Proceedings of the second IOBC global working group on the biological and integrated control of water hyacinth, vol. 102. Beijing, China: ACIAR, 109–19 p.
  • 20. Gunnarsson, C.C., Petersen & C.M. (2007). Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production: a literature review, Waste Management, 27, 117–129. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.011.
  • 21. Guragain, Y.N., De Coninck, J., Husson, F., Durand, A. & Rakshit, S.K. (2011). Comparison of some new pretreatment methods for second generation bioethanol production from wheat straw and water hyacinth. Bioresource Technology, 102, 4416–4424. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.125.
  • 22. Harley, K.L.S., Julien, M.H. & Wright, A.D. (1996). Water hyacinth: a tropical worldwide problem and methods for its control. In Proceedings of the Second International Weed Control Congress, held in Copenhagen in June 1996, ed. H. Brown, G.W. Cussans, M.D. Devine, et al. Slagelse, Denmark: Department of Weed Control and Pesticide Ecology, pp. 639–644.
  • 23. Harley, K.L.S. (1990). The role of biological control in the management of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, Biocontrol News and Information, 11, 11–22.
  • 24. Hilooğlu, M. & Sözen, E. (2017). Distribution patterns and ISSR PCR optimisation of invasive plant Eichhornia crassipes in Asi River, Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 10(2), 75-80.
  • 25. Julien, M. (2008). Plant biology and other issues that relate to the management of water hyacinth: A global perspective with focus on Europe, EPPO Bulletin, 38, 477–486. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2338.2008.01267.x.
  • 26. Julien, M.H., Griffiths, M.W. & Wright, A.D. (1999). Biological Control of Water Hyacinth. The Weevils Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae: Biologies, Host Ranges, and Rearing, Releasing and Monitoring Techniques for Biological Control of Eichhornia crassipes, Monograph 60. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 87 pp.
  • 27. Kayıkçı, S., Sönmez, B. & Atahan, A. (2014). Samandağ Kıyı Kumullarının Güncel Durumu Raporu. Antakya Doğa Sanat ve Turizm Derneği & Samandağ Çevre Koruma ve Turizm Derneği, 53 s, Hatay.
  • 28. Lalitha, P. & Jayanthi, P. (2014). Antiaging Activity of the Skin Cream containing Ethyl Acetate Extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SOLMS, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6(1), 29–34.
  • 29. Laranjeira, C.M. & Nadais, G. (2008). Eichhornia crassipes control in the largest Portuguese natural freshwater lagoon 1, EPPO Bulletin, 38, 487–495.
  • 30. Liu, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Q. & Yu, S. (2013). Pollination of invasive Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) by the introduced honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) in South China, Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299(5), 817–825. doi: 10.1007/s00606-013-0764-3.
  • 31. Malik, A. (2007). Environmental challenge vis a vis opportunity: the case of water hyacinth, Environment International, 33(1), 122–38. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.08.004.
  • 32. Methy, M., Alpert, P. & Roy, J. (1990). Effects of light quality and quantity on growth of the clonal plant Eichhornia crassipes, Oecologia, 84, 265– 271.
  • 33. Moyo, P., Chapungu, L. & Mudzengi, B. (2013). Effectiveness of water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in remediating polluted water: the case of Shagashe river in Masvingo, Masvingo, Zimbabwe, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 4, 55-62.
  • 34. Navarro, L. & Phiri, G. (2000). Water Hyacinth in Africa and the Middle East. A Survey of Problems and Solutions, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa (CA).
  • 35. Owens, C.S. & Madsen, J.D. (1995). Low temperature limits of waterhyacinth, Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, 63–68.
  • 36. Perez, E.A., Coetzee J.A., Téllez, T.R. & Hill, M.P. (2011). A first report of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) soil seed banks in South Africa, South African Journal of Botany, 77(3), 795–800. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.009.
  • 37. Reddy, K.R., Agami, M. & Tucker, J.C. (1990). Influence of phosphorus supply on growth and nutrient storage by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plants, Aquatic Botany, 37, 355–365.
  • 38. Ren, M.X. & Zhang, Q.G. (2007). Clonal diversity and structure of the invasive aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in China, Aquatic Botany, 87(3), 242–246. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.06.002.
  • 39. Rezania, S., Ponraj, M., Talaiekhozani, A., Mohamad, S.E., Din, M.F.M, Taib, S.M., Sabbagh, F., M.F. & Samiran, F. (2015). Perspectives of phytoremediation using water hyacinth for removal of heavy metals, organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 163, 125–133. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.018
  • 40. Rezania, S., Din, M.D, M.F., Kamaruddin, S.F., Taib, S.M., Singh, L., Yong, E.L. & Dahalan, F.A., (2016). Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as a potential raw material source for briquette production, Energy, 111, 768–773. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.026.
  • 41. Shanab, S.M.M., Shalaby, E.A., Lightfoot, D.A. & El-Shemy, H.A. (2010). Allelopathic effects effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), PLoS One, 5, e13200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013200.
  • 42. Steffen, K., Schrader, G., Starfinger, U., Brunel, S. &Sissons, A. (2012). Pest risk analysis and invasive alien plants: Progress through PRATIQUE. EPPO Bulletin, 42, 28–34.
  • 43. Su, H.B., Cheng, J., Zhou, J.H., Song, W.L. & Cen, K.F. (2010). Hydrogen production from water hyacinth through dark- and photo- fermentation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35, 8929–8937.
  • 44. Tellez, T.R., Lopez, E., Granado, G., Perez, E., Lopez, R. & Guzman, J. (2008). The Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes: an invasive plant in the Guadiana River Basin (Spain), Aquatic Invasions, 3(1): 42–53. doi: 10.3391/ai.2008.3.1.8.
  • 45. Theuri, M. (2013). Water hyacinth – Can its aggressive invasion be controlled ? Environmental Development, 7, 139-154. doi: 10.1016/j.envdev.2013.05.002.
  • 46. Tran, T.T., Nguyen, V.D., Do, D.N., Nguyen, H.P. & Choi, J. (2011). Assessment of electric power generation via water hyacinths and agricultural waste, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 5(7), 627e31.
  • 47. UNEP (2012). Fifth Global Environment Outlook (GEO5): Environment for the future we want. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
  • 48. Üremiş, I., Uludag, A., Arslan, Z. F. & Abaci, O. (2014). A new record for the flora of Turkey: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), EPPO Bulletin, 44(1), 83–86. doi: 10.1111/epp.12096.
  • 49. Vanathi, P., Rajiv, P., Narendhran, S., Rajeshwari, S., Rahman, P.K.S.M. & Venckatesh, R. (2014). Biosynthesis and characterization of phyto mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles: nanoparticles: a green chemistry approach, Mater. Lett., 134, 13–15.
  • 50. Villamagna, A.M., Murphy & B.R. (2010). Ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): A review, Freshwater Biology, 55, 282–298. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02294.x.
  • 51. Wilson, J.R.U., Ajuonu, O., Center, T.D., Hill, M.P., Julien, M.H., Katagira, F.F., Neuenschwander, P., Njoka, S.W., Ogwang, J., Reeder, R.H. & Van, T. (2007). The decline of water hyacinth on Lake Victoria was due to biological control by Neochetina spp, Aquatic Botany, 87, 90-93.
  • 52. Wolverton, B.C. & McDonald, R.C. (1979). Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) productivity and harvesting studies, Economic Botany, 33, 1-10.
  • 53. Xu, X., Su, X., Bai, B., Wang, B., Wang, H.L. & Suo, Y.R. (2016). Controlled pesticide release of a novel superabsorbent by grafting citric acid onto water hyacinth powders powders with the assistance of dopamine, RSC Adv., 6 (36), 29880–29888.
  • 54. Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Spencer., C. H. & Barrett H. (2010). Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant. Molecular Ecology, 19, 1774–1786.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhip Hilooğlu 0000-0002-3902-6318

Emel Sözen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hilooğlu, M., & Sözen, E. (2018). RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 1(2), 128-137.
AMA Hilooğlu M, Sözen E. RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS. JONAS. Aralık 2018;1(2):128-137.
Chicago Hilooğlu, Muhip, ve Emel Sözen. “RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1, sy. 2 (Aralık 2018): 128-37.
EndNote Hilooğlu M, Sözen E (01 Aralık 2018) RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 2 128–137.
IEEE M. Hilooğlu ve E. Sözen, “RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS”, JONAS, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 128–137, 2018.
ISNAD Hilooğlu, Muhip - Sözen, Emel. “RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1/2 (Aralık 2018), 128-137.
JAMA Hilooğlu M, Sözen E. RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS. JONAS. 2018;1:128–137.
MLA Hilooğlu, Muhip ve Emel Sözen. “RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS”. Bartın University International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, c. 1, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 128-37.
Vancouver Hilooğlu M, Sözen E. RİSKLERİ VE EKONOMİK KULLANIMLARI AÇISINDAN TÜRKİYE’YE GEÇİŞ YAPAN İSTİLACI SULAK ALAN BİTKİSİ EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS. JONAS. 2018;1(2):128-37.