Öz
Amaç:
Rheum ribes L. (Polygonaceae) dünyanın birçok bölgesinde hem gıda hem de diyabet dahil birçok hastalığa karşı geleneksel bir ilaç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bitkinin hipoglisemik potansiyelinin ve Diyarbakır’daki geleneksel kullanımının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler:
Bitkinin Diyarbakır pazarlarındaki satıcıları, rastgele seçilmiş kullanıcılar ve aktarlarla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Hakkâri ve Muş (Şenyayla) illerinden toplanan bitkinin toprak üstü ve kök kısımlarından petrol eteri (PE), etil asetat (EA), metanol (Me) ve içme suyu (İnf) kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstrelerin in-vitro α-glukozidaz inhibisyon aktivitesi ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular:
Bitkinin taze sürgünleri çiğ halde yenmektedir. Kökleri ise geleneksel olarak hem taze hem de kurutulmuş halde dil altına konularak ya da sabahları aç karnına tıbbi çay halinde kan glukoz seviyesini düşürme amaçlı kullanılmaktadır. Her iki örneğin tüm ekstreleri pozitif kontrol akarboza kıyasla yüksek potansiyel göstermişlerdir. Özellikle akarbozun 665,9 µg/mL IC50 değerine karşılık Muş örneklerinin kök metanol ve etil asetat ekstrelerinde ortaya çıkan sırasıyla 0,24 ve 0,33 µg/mL IC50 değerleri kayda değerdir.
Sonuçlar:
α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu bitkinin hipoglisemik aktivitesine önemli derecede katkı sağlayan bir etki mekanizması olabilir. Bu enzimin yeni ve potent inhibitörlerinin keşfi için bitkinin köklerinden etil asetat ya da metanol ile elde edilecek ekstreler üzerinde ileri fitokimyasal çalışmalar önerilebilir. Bitkiden elde edilecek standart ekstreli farmasötik dozaj şekilleri, farmasötik kalitede droglar ya da bunlarla hazırlanacak tıbbi çaylar diyabet hastalarında geleneksel/tamamlayıcı bir tıp uygulaması olarak değerlendirilebilir. Fakat güvenli, etkin ve rasyonel bir kullanım için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rheum ribes Işgın Antidiyabetik α-Glukozidaz Geleneksel/Tamamlayıcı Tıp
Kaynakça
- Abdullah, K. K., Taha, E. M., & Rahim, S. M. (2014). Phenolic profile, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Rheum ribes L. roots. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 6(5), 201-205.
- Abu-Irmaileh, B. E., & Afifi, F. U. (2003). Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2), 193-197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00283-6
- Abudayyak, M. (2019). In vitro evaluation of Rheum ribes induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines. Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy. doi:https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19021
- Adham, A. N., & Naqishbandi, A. M. (2015). HPLC analysis and antidiabetic effect of Rheum ribes root in type 2 diabetic patients. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (Zanco J Med Sci), 19(2), 957 - 964. doi:https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2015.0017
- Alaadin, A. M., Al-Khateeb, E. H., & Jäger, A. K. (2007). Antibacterial Activity of the Iraqi Rheum ribes. Root. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(9), 688-690. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701575049
- Alaca, K., Okumuş, E., Bakkalbaşı, E., & Javidipour, I. (2022). Phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of twelve edible wild plants from Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Food Science and Technology, 42.
- Andiç, S., Tunçtürk, Y., Ocak, E., & Köse, Ş. (2009). Some Chemical Characteristics of Edible Wild Rhubarb Species (Rheum Ribes L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(6), 973-977.
- Apostolidis, E., & Lee, C. M. (2010). In Vitro Potential of Ascophyllum nodosum Phenolic Antioxidant-Mediated α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition. Journal of Food Science, 75(3), H97-H102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01544.x
- Arvindekar, A., More, T., Payghan, P. V., Laddha, K., Ghoshal, N., & Arvindekar, A. (2015). Evaluation of anti-diabetic and alpha glucosidase inhibitory action of anthraquinones from Rheum emodi. Food & Function, 6(8), 2693-2700. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO00519A
- Bagheriani, N., Bahrami, M., Kamalinejad, M., Rampisheh, Z., Kashanian, M., & Akhtari*, E. (2023). The Effect of Rheum ribes Root (Rhubarb) on Menopausal Hot Flashes: a Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(1), 41-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.22127/rjp.2022.342450.1896
- Başer, K. H. C., & Kırımer, N. (2022). Farmakognozi ve Fitoterapi. İstanbul, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevleri. Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi Geçmişte ve Bugün (Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey) (2 ed.). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp.
- Çakılcıoğlu, U., & Türkoğlu, İ. (2010). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 165-175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.017
- Çınar Ayan, İ., Çetinkaya, S., Dursun, H. G., & Süntar, İ. (2021). Bioactive Compounds of Rheum ribes L. and its Anticancerogenic Effect via Induction of Apoptosis and miR-200 Family Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(7), 1228-1243. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1792947
- El-Lakany, A., Abdul-Ghani, M., & Boukhary, R. (2008). Anthraquinones from Rheum ribes growing in Lebanon. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 22, 117-119.
- Gecibesler, I. H., Disli, F., Bayindir, S., Toprak, M., Tufekci, A. R., Sahin Yaglıoglu, A., . . . Adem, S. (2021). The isolation of secondary metabolites from Rheum ribes L. and the synthesis of new semi-synthetic anthraquinones: Isolation, synthesis and biological activity. Food Chemistry, 342, 128378. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128378
- Hamzeh, S., Farokhi, F., Heydari, R., & Manaffar, R. (2014). Renoprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum ribes root in diabetic female rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 4(6), 392-401.
- Hussaini, Z. S., Askndari, H., Alami, K., & Mousavi, S. Y. (2021). Effect of Rheum Ribes and Urtica Dioica on type 2 diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical And Phytopharmacological Research, 11(1), 63-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.51847/EZXsU4H
- Jung, H. A., Ali, M. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2017). Promising Inhibitory Effects of Anthraquinones, Naphthopyrone, and Naphthalene Glycosides, from Cassia obtusifolia on α-Glucosidase and Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases 1B. Molecules, 22(1), 28.
- Kasabri, V., Afifi, F. U., & Hamdan, I. (2011). In vitro and in vivo acute antihyperglycemic effects of five selected indigenous plants from Jordan used in traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 888-896. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.025
- Mericli, A., & Tuzlaci, E. (1990). Constituents of Rheum ribes. Fitoterapia, 61(4). Naqishbandi, A. M., Josefsen, K., Pedersen, M. E., & Jäger, A. K. (2009). Hypoglycemic activity of Iraqi Rheum ribes root extract. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(5), 380-383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200902748478
- Noori, S., Kiasat, A. R., Kolahi, M., Mirzajani, R., & Seyyed Nejad, S. M. (2022). Determination of secondary metabolites including curcumin in Rheum ribes L. and surveying of its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 26(3), 101479. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101479
- Ojo, O. A., Ibrahim, H. S., Rotimi, D. E., Ogunlakin, A. D., & Ojo, A. B. (2023). Diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to pathophysiology and pharmacology. Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices, 19, 100247. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100247
- Özbek, H., Ceylan, E., Kara, M., Özgökçe, F., & Koyuncu, M. (2004). Hypoglycemic effect of Rheum ribes roots in alloxan induced diabetic and normal mice. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science, 31(2).
- Özcan, M. M., Dursun, N., & Arslan, D. (2007). Some nutritional properties of Prangos ferulacea (L.) lindl and Rheum ribes L. stems growing wild in Turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(2), 162-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480601154145
- Öztürk, M., Aydoğmuş-Öztürk, F., Duru, M. E., & Topçu, G. (2007). Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes): An edible medicinal plant. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 623-630. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.005
- Raafat, K., & El-Lakany, A. (2018). Combination of Rheum ribes and Metformin Against Diabetes, Thermal Hyperalgesia, and Tactile Allodynia in a Mice Model. Altern Ther Health Med, 24(5), 33-43.
- Schmidt, J. S., Lauridsen, M. B., Dragsted, L. O., Nielsen, J., & Staerk, D. (2012). Development of a bioassay-coupled HPLC-SPE-ttNMR platform for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors in apple peel (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1692-1699. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.075
- Shojaei Shad, F., & Haghighi, M. J. (2018). Study of the effect of the essential oil (extract) of rhubarb stem (shoot) on glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes. Biomedicine (Taipei), 8(4), 24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2018080424
- Şahin, H. (2022). Geleneksel/Tamamlayıcı Tıp ve Tıbbi Çaylar. In Y. K. Haspolat & S. Ertuğrul (Eds.), Tamamlayıcı ve Geleneksel Tıp. Ankara: Orient.
- Tosun, F., & Akyüz Kızılay, Ç. (2003). Anthraquinones And Flavonoids From Rheum ribes. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 32(1), 31-35.
- Wang, J., Lu, S., Sheng, R., Fan, J., Wu, W., & Guo, R. (2020). Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural and Synthetic Indole-Derived Scaffolds as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Mini-Review. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(17), 1791-1818. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200619121003
- Wober, J., Möller, F., Richter, T., Unger, C., Weigt, C., Jandausch, A., . . . Vollmer, G. (2007). Activation of estrogen receptor-β by a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731®), its aglycones and structurally related compounds. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 107(3), 191-201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.04.002
- Xu, L., Li, Y., Dai, Y., & Peng, J. (2018). Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Pharmacological Research, 130, 451-465. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.015
- Yang, D., Zhao, J., Liu, S., Song, F., & Liu, Z. (2014). The screening of potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from the Polygonum multiflorum extract using ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 6(10), 3353-3359. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY00064A
- Zahedi, M., Hojjati, M. R., Fathpour, H., Rabiei, Z., Alibabaei, Z., & Basim, A. (2015). Effect of Rheum Ribes Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Memory Impairments in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Iran J Pharm Res, 14(4), 1197-1206.
- Zarei, M., & Mohammed Aziz Ahmed, A. (2023). The Inhibitory Activity of α-Glucosidase in Methanol Extract of Some Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants in Sulaymaniyah Province. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 25(1), 288-296. Retrieved from http://jbums.org/article-1-10910-en.html
Hypoglycemic Effect of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) Plant; A Traditional Medicine Practice in Diyarbakır
Öz
Objectives:
Rheum ribes L. (Polygonaceae) is used in many countries around the world both as food and as a traditional medicine against many diseases, including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic potential of the plant and its traditional use in Diyarbakır/Türkiye.
Methods:
Interviews were conducted with the sellers of the plant in Diyarbakır markets, randomly selected users, and herbalists. In-vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity of extracts prepared using petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (Me) and drinking water (Inf) from the aerial and root parts of the plant collected from Hakkari and Muş (Şenyayla) provinces was measured.
Results:
The fresh shoots of the plant are eaten raw. The fresh and dried roots are traditional medicines used sublingually or as a medicinal tea consumed before breakfast to reduce blood glucose levels. All extracts from both samples showed higher potency compared to the positive control acarbose. In particular, the IC50 values of 0.24 and 0.33 µg/mL in the root methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Muş samples, respectively, compared to the 665.9 µg/mL IC50 value of acarbose, are noteworthy.
Conclusion:
α-glucosidase inhibition might be a mechanism of action that significantly contributes to the hypoglycemic activity of the plant. Further phytochemical studies on the extracts obtained from the roots of the plant with ethyl acetate or methanol can be recommended to discover new and potent inhibitors of the enzyme. Pharmaceutical dosage forms with standard extracts, drugs or medicinal teas which are of pharmaceutical grade can be considered as a traditional/complementary medicine practice in diabetic patients. However, more studies are needed for safe, effective, and rational use of the plant.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rheum ribes Rhubarb Antidiabetic α-Glucosidase Traditional/Complementary Medicine
Kaynakça
- Abdullah, K. K., Taha, E. M., & Rahim, S. M. (2014). Phenolic profile, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Rheum ribes L. roots. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 6(5), 201-205.
- Abu-Irmaileh, B. E., & Afifi, F. U. (2003). Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2), 193-197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00283-6
- Abudayyak, M. (2019). In vitro evaluation of Rheum ribes induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines. Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy. doi:https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19021
- Adham, A. N., & Naqishbandi, A. M. (2015). HPLC analysis and antidiabetic effect of Rheum ribes root in type 2 diabetic patients. Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (Zanco J Med Sci), 19(2), 957 - 964. doi:https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2015.0017
- Alaadin, A. M., Al-Khateeb, E. H., & Jäger, A. K. (2007). Antibacterial Activity of the Iraqi Rheum ribes. Root. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45(9), 688-690. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701575049
- Alaca, K., Okumuş, E., Bakkalbaşı, E., & Javidipour, I. (2022). Phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of twelve edible wild plants from Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Food Science and Technology, 42.
- Andiç, S., Tunçtürk, Y., Ocak, E., & Köse, Ş. (2009). Some Chemical Characteristics of Edible Wild Rhubarb Species (Rheum Ribes L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(6), 973-977.
- Apostolidis, E., & Lee, C. M. (2010). In Vitro Potential of Ascophyllum nodosum Phenolic Antioxidant-Mediated α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition. Journal of Food Science, 75(3), H97-H102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01544.x
- Arvindekar, A., More, T., Payghan, P. V., Laddha, K., Ghoshal, N., & Arvindekar, A. (2015). Evaluation of anti-diabetic and alpha glucosidase inhibitory action of anthraquinones from Rheum emodi. Food & Function, 6(8), 2693-2700. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO00519A
- Bagheriani, N., Bahrami, M., Kamalinejad, M., Rampisheh, Z., Kashanian, M., & Akhtari*, E. (2023). The Effect of Rheum ribes Root (Rhubarb) on Menopausal Hot Flashes: a Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(1), 41-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.22127/rjp.2022.342450.1896
- Başer, K. H. C., & Kırımer, N. (2022). Farmakognozi ve Fitoterapi. İstanbul, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevleri. Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi Geçmişte ve Bugün (Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey) (2 ed.). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp.
- Çakılcıoğlu, U., & Türkoğlu, İ. (2010). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 165-175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.017
- Çınar Ayan, İ., Çetinkaya, S., Dursun, H. G., & Süntar, İ. (2021). Bioactive Compounds of Rheum ribes L. and its Anticancerogenic Effect via Induction of Apoptosis and miR-200 Family Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(7), 1228-1243. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1792947
- El-Lakany, A., Abdul-Ghani, M., & Boukhary, R. (2008). Anthraquinones from Rheum ribes growing in Lebanon. Alex. J. Pharm. Sci., 22, 117-119.
- Gecibesler, I. H., Disli, F., Bayindir, S., Toprak, M., Tufekci, A. R., Sahin Yaglıoglu, A., . . . Adem, S. (2021). The isolation of secondary metabolites from Rheum ribes L. and the synthesis of new semi-synthetic anthraquinones: Isolation, synthesis and biological activity. Food Chemistry, 342, 128378. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128378
- Hamzeh, S., Farokhi, F., Heydari, R., & Manaffar, R. (2014). Renoprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Rheum ribes root in diabetic female rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 4(6), 392-401.
- Hussaini, Z. S., Askndari, H., Alami, K., & Mousavi, S. Y. (2021). Effect of Rheum Ribes and Urtica Dioica on type 2 diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical And Phytopharmacological Research, 11(1), 63-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.51847/EZXsU4H
- Jung, H. A., Ali, M. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2017). Promising Inhibitory Effects of Anthraquinones, Naphthopyrone, and Naphthalene Glycosides, from Cassia obtusifolia on α-Glucosidase and Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases 1B. Molecules, 22(1), 28.
- Kasabri, V., Afifi, F. U., & Hamdan, I. (2011). In vitro and in vivo acute antihyperglycemic effects of five selected indigenous plants from Jordan used in traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133(2), 888-896. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.025
- Mericli, A., & Tuzlaci, E. (1990). Constituents of Rheum ribes. Fitoterapia, 61(4). Naqishbandi, A. M., Josefsen, K., Pedersen, M. E., & Jäger, A. K. (2009). Hypoglycemic activity of Iraqi Rheum ribes root extract. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(5), 380-383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200902748478
- Noori, S., Kiasat, A. R., Kolahi, M., Mirzajani, R., & Seyyed Nejad, S. M. (2022). Determination of secondary metabolites including curcumin in Rheum ribes L. and surveying of its antioxidant and anticancer activity. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 26(3), 101479. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101479
- Ojo, O. A., Ibrahim, H. S., Rotimi, D. E., Ogunlakin, A. D., & Ojo, A. B. (2023). Diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanism to pathophysiology and pharmacology. Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices, 19, 100247. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100247
- Özbek, H., Ceylan, E., Kara, M., Özgökçe, F., & Koyuncu, M. (2004). Hypoglycemic effect of Rheum ribes roots in alloxan induced diabetic and normal mice. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science, 31(2).
- Özcan, M. M., Dursun, N., & Arslan, D. (2007). Some nutritional properties of Prangos ferulacea (L.) lindl and Rheum ribes L. stems growing wild in Turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58(2), 162-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480601154145
- Öztürk, M., Aydoğmuş-Öztürk, F., Duru, M. E., & Topçu, G. (2007). Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes): An edible medicinal plant. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 623-630. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.005
- Raafat, K., & El-Lakany, A. (2018). Combination of Rheum ribes and Metformin Against Diabetes, Thermal Hyperalgesia, and Tactile Allodynia in a Mice Model. Altern Ther Health Med, 24(5), 33-43.
- Schmidt, J. S., Lauridsen, M. B., Dragsted, L. O., Nielsen, J., & Staerk, D. (2012). Development of a bioassay-coupled HPLC-SPE-ttNMR platform for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors in apple peel (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1692-1699. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.075
- Shojaei Shad, F., & Haghighi, M. J. (2018). Study of the effect of the essential oil (extract) of rhubarb stem (shoot) on glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes. Biomedicine (Taipei), 8(4), 24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2018080424
- Şahin, H. (2022). Geleneksel/Tamamlayıcı Tıp ve Tıbbi Çaylar. In Y. K. Haspolat & S. Ertuğrul (Eds.), Tamamlayıcı ve Geleneksel Tıp. Ankara: Orient.
- Tosun, F., & Akyüz Kızılay, Ç. (2003). Anthraquinones And Flavonoids From Rheum ribes. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 32(1), 31-35.
- Wang, J., Lu, S., Sheng, R., Fan, J., Wu, W., & Guo, R. (2020). Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural and Synthetic Indole-Derived Scaffolds as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Mini-Review. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(17), 1791-1818. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200619121003
- Wober, J., Möller, F., Richter, T., Unger, C., Weigt, C., Jandausch, A., . . . Vollmer, G. (2007). Activation of estrogen receptor-β by a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731®), its aglycones and structurally related compounds. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 107(3), 191-201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.04.002
- Xu, L., Li, Y., Dai, Y., & Peng, J. (2018). Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Pharmacological Research, 130, 451-465. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.015
- Yang, D., Zhao, J., Liu, S., Song, F., & Liu, Z. (2014). The screening of potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from the Polygonum multiflorum extract using ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods, 6(10), 3353-3359. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY00064A
- Zahedi, M., Hojjati, M. R., Fathpour, H., Rabiei, Z., Alibabaei, Z., & Basim, A. (2015). Effect of Rheum Ribes Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Memory Impairments in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Iran J Pharm Res, 14(4), 1197-1206.
- Zarei, M., & Mohammed Aziz Ahmed, A. (2023). The Inhibitory Activity of α-Glucosidase in Methanol Extract of Some Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants in Sulaymaniyah Province. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 25(1), 288-296. Retrieved from http://jbums.org/article-1-10910-en.html
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İç Hastalıkları, Halk Sağlığı (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
