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Maksimum Aerobik Aktivitede Antrenman Maskesi Kullanımının Akut Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 12 - 27, 05.06.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksekliği simüle eden antrenman maskesinin
dayanıklılık aktivitesi sırasındaki bazı fizyolojik parametreler üzerindeki
akut etkisini incelemektir. Bu
çalışma
Galatasaray Spor kulübü
nde lisanslı
olarak futbol oynayan 21 ve 19 yaş altı takımlarından 25 erkek sporcuya
uygulanmıştır. Sporculara 48 saat ara ile, shuttle run dayanıklılık testi ilk
önce maskesiz daha sonraki testi maskeli olacak
şekilde yapıldı. Sporcuların boy, ağırlık, beden yağ yüzdesi, maskesiz
istirahat nab
(IN) ve
maskeli(INM), maskesiz istirahat laktat düzeyi(IL) ve maskeli(ILM), maskesiz
istirahat dakika solunum sayısı(VE) ve maskeli(VEM), maskesiz maksimum kalp
atımı(MKA) ve maskeli(MKM), maskesiz algılanan zorluk derecesi puanı(AZ) ve
maskeli(AZM), maskesiz istirahat oksijen satürasyonu yüzdesi(SP) ve
maskeli(SPM), maskesiz maksimum laktat düzeyi(ML) ve maskeli(MLM), maskesiz
katedilen mesafe(KM) ve maskeli(KMM), maskesiz maksimum nabız yüzdesi(MNY) ve
maskeli(MNYM), egzersiz sonrası maskesiz oksijen satürasyonu yüzdesi(SA) ve
maskeli(SAM), egzersiz sonrası maskesiz dakika solunum sayısı(SS) ve maskeli
dakika solunum sayısı(SSM) parametreleri değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel
çözümlemede tanımlayıcı istatistik, ANOVA ve stepwise regresyon analizi
uygulandı. Anlamlılık derecesi olarak (P˂0.01) kabul edildi. Ayrı
ca algılanan zorluk derecesini
belirlemek i
çin borg
skalası kullanıldı. Yapılan ölçüm sonuçlarında IN, INM, IL, ILM, VE, VEM, MKA,
MKM, AZ, AZM, SP, SPM, ML, MLM, KM, KMM, MNY, MNYM, değerleri arasında anlamlı
farka rastlanırken (P˂0.01), SA, SAM, SS, SSM değerleri arasında anlamlı farka
rastlanmadı. (P<0.05). Araştırmamız sonucunda antrenman maskesi, submaksimal
çalışmalarda
egzersiz şiddetini arttırmaktadır. Ancak maksimal yüklenmeler esnasında
kısıtlayıcı rol oynamaktadır ve antrenmanın sonlandırılmasına sebep olmaktadır.
Antrenman maskesi aerobik şiddette yapılan egzersizlerde antrenmanın şiddetini
arttırmak ve sporcuları psikolojik olarak zor antrenmanlara hazırlamak amacı
ile kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander S., Simulated Elevation Training İncreases Cardiovascular Efficiency. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge, MA, United States. 2014.
  • Astrand P., Cuddy T., Saltin B., and Stenberg J., Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. J Appl Physiol. 19:268-274, 1964.
  • A.William Sheel, Meaghan J. MacNutt and Jordan S. Querido.The pulmonary system during exercise in hypoxia and the cold.First published: 1 December 2009.Doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047571
  • Dempsey J.A. Is the lung built for exercise? Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 1986;18:143-155
  • Dempsey J.A., Wagner P.D. Exercise-İnduced arterial hypoxemia. J.Appl. Physiol 1999;87:1997-2006
  • Ergen E. ve Ark., Egzersiz Fizyolojisi ders kitabı, Ekim 2007
  • Fanconi S., Pulse oximetry for hypoxemia: A warning to users and manufacturers. Intensive Care Med.,15, 540-542.(1989)
  • Fox, E.L., Bowers, R.W., & Foss, M.L. 1988. The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics 4th ed.Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C Brown.
  • Granados J., Gillum T., Castillo W., Christmas K., Kuennem M., ‘Functional’ respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest hypoxemia but overall is well tolerated. The Journal Strength and Conditioning Research. 2015. PMID: 26340471
  • Granados J., Jansen L., Harton H., Gillum T., Christmas K. & Kuennen M. “Elevation Training Mask” Induces Hypoxemia But Utilizes A NovelFeedback Signaling Mechanism, 26 February 2014.
  • Günay M., Cicioğlu İ., Spor Fizyolojisi. Gazi Kitapevi. 47, Ankara 2001.
  • Karatosun H., Egzersiz ve Spor Fizyolojisi.2008.
  • McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Execise Physiology 5.baskı 2001.
  • Nevill M.E., et al. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint and endurance trained athletes. Eur J. Appl Physiol 1996;72:460-467.
  • Özder A, Günay M. Futbolcuların bazı fizyolojik parametrelerinin oynadıkları konumlara göre karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 1994;1(5):21-5
  • Öztürk M., Özer K., Gökçe E. Evaluation of blood lactate in young men after wingate anaerobic power test. Eastern Journal of Medicine 3 (1): 13-16, 1998
  • Prefaut C., Durant E., Mucci P., Caillaud C. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in athlets. Sport Medicine 2000;30:47-61.
  • Reilly T.,What Research Tells The Coach About Soccer, American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Washington DC. 1979.
  • Robert F. Chapman, Abigail S. Laymon, Carsten Lundby, Benjamin D. Levine. Timing of return from altitude training for optimal sea level performance. Journal of Applied Physiology Published 1 April 2014 Vol. 116 no.7,837-843 Doi: 10.1152
  • Siebenmann C., Lundby C., Regulation of cardiac output in hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015. Dec;25 Suppl 4:53-9. doi: 10.1111/sms.12619.
  • Spengler C.M., Roos M., Laube S.M., Boutellier U. Decreased exercise blood lactate concentrations after respiratory endurance training in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 March;79(4):299-305.
  • Vander, Sherman, Luciano. İnsan Fizyolojisi. Bilim ve Teknik Yayınları Çeviri Vakfı. 1997.
  • Verges S., Lenherr O., Haner AC., Schulz C., Spengler CM. İncreased fatique resistance of respiratory muscles during exercise after respiratory muscle endurance training. Am. J. Physiol Regul. İntegr. Comp. Physiol. 2007 March; 292(3):R146-53.
  • Wilmore JH, Costill DL.Physiology of sport and exercise. Human kinetics.3.baskı.2004.

Evaluation of Acute Effects of Using Training Mask in Maximum Aerobic Activity

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 12 - 27, 05.06.2017

Öz

          The purpose of this
research, which simulates the altitude of the training was to study the acute
effect of mask on some physiological parameters during endurance activities.
This research was administered to 25 male footballers who were under 21 and 19
years old are licensed in Galatasaray Football Club. Shuttle run (20m) test was
performed first unmasked then masked intermittently within 48 hours. Athletes;
Height, weight, body fat percentage, unmasked resting pulse(IN) and
masked(INM), unmasked resting lactate levels(IL) and mask(ILM), unmasked rest
minute respiration(VE) and masked(VEM), unmasked maximum pulse(MKA) and
masked(MKM), unmasked perceived exertion score(AZ) and masked(AZM), unmasked
resting oxygen saturation percentage(SP) and masked(SPM), unmasked maximum
lactate level(ML) and masked(MLM), unmasked distance traveled(KM) and
masked(KMM), unmasked maximum pulse percentage(MNY) and masked(MNYM), after
exercise unmasked oxygen saturation percentage(SA) and masked(SAM), unmasked
minute respiration after exercise(SS) and masked minute respiration(SSM)
parameters were evaluated. In statistical analysis descriptive statistics,
ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis was performed. The degree of
significance (P<0.05) was accepted. Borg scale was also used to determine
the perceived exertion rate. The significant differences were found between
unmasked and masked values in IN,INM, IL, ILM, VE, VEM, MKA, MKM, AZ, AZM, SP,
SPM, ML, MLM, KM, KMM, MNY, MNYM, (P<0.01), but  no significant difference were found between
the SA, SAM, SS,SSM values(P>0.05). The training mask increases the exercise
intensity at submaximal work as a result of this study. However, during the
maximal load it roles restrictive and causes the termination of the training.
In brief, the training mask helps to increase the intensity which made in
aerobic exercise training for athletes and could be used in order to prepare
psychologically them for vigorous trainings.

Kaynakça

  • Alexander S., Simulated Elevation Training İncreases Cardiovascular Efficiency. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge, MA, United States. 2014.
  • Astrand P., Cuddy T., Saltin B., and Stenberg J., Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. J Appl Physiol. 19:268-274, 1964.
  • A.William Sheel, Meaghan J. MacNutt and Jordan S. Querido.The pulmonary system during exercise in hypoxia and the cold.First published: 1 December 2009.Doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047571
  • Dempsey J.A. Is the lung built for exercise? Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 1986;18:143-155
  • Dempsey J.A., Wagner P.D. Exercise-İnduced arterial hypoxemia. J.Appl. Physiol 1999;87:1997-2006
  • Ergen E. ve Ark., Egzersiz Fizyolojisi ders kitabı, Ekim 2007
  • Fanconi S., Pulse oximetry for hypoxemia: A warning to users and manufacturers. Intensive Care Med.,15, 540-542.(1989)
  • Fox, E.L., Bowers, R.W., & Foss, M.L. 1988. The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics 4th ed.Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C Brown.
  • Granados J., Gillum T., Castillo W., Christmas K., Kuennem M., ‘Functional’ respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest hypoxemia but overall is well tolerated. The Journal Strength and Conditioning Research. 2015. PMID: 26340471
  • Granados J., Jansen L., Harton H., Gillum T., Christmas K. & Kuennen M. “Elevation Training Mask” Induces Hypoxemia But Utilizes A NovelFeedback Signaling Mechanism, 26 February 2014.
  • Günay M., Cicioğlu İ., Spor Fizyolojisi. Gazi Kitapevi. 47, Ankara 2001.
  • Karatosun H., Egzersiz ve Spor Fizyolojisi.2008.
  • McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Execise Physiology 5.baskı 2001.
  • Nevill M.E., et al. Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint and endurance trained athletes. Eur J. Appl Physiol 1996;72:460-467.
  • Özder A, Günay M. Futbolcuların bazı fizyolojik parametrelerinin oynadıkları konumlara göre karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 1994;1(5):21-5
  • Öztürk M., Özer K., Gökçe E. Evaluation of blood lactate in young men after wingate anaerobic power test. Eastern Journal of Medicine 3 (1): 13-16, 1998
  • Prefaut C., Durant E., Mucci P., Caillaud C. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in athlets. Sport Medicine 2000;30:47-61.
  • Reilly T.,What Research Tells The Coach About Soccer, American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Washington DC. 1979.
  • Robert F. Chapman, Abigail S. Laymon, Carsten Lundby, Benjamin D. Levine. Timing of return from altitude training for optimal sea level performance. Journal of Applied Physiology Published 1 April 2014 Vol. 116 no.7,837-843 Doi: 10.1152
  • Siebenmann C., Lundby C., Regulation of cardiac output in hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015. Dec;25 Suppl 4:53-9. doi: 10.1111/sms.12619.
  • Spengler C.M., Roos M., Laube S.M., Boutellier U. Decreased exercise blood lactate concentrations after respiratory endurance training in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 March;79(4):299-305.
  • Vander, Sherman, Luciano. İnsan Fizyolojisi. Bilim ve Teknik Yayınları Çeviri Vakfı. 1997.
  • Verges S., Lenherr O., Haner AC., Schulz C., Spengler CM. İncreased fatique resistance of respiratory muscles during exercise after respiratory muscle endurance training. Am. J. Physiol Regul. İntegr. Comp. Physiol. 2007 March; 292(3):R146-53.
  • Wilmore JH, Costill DL.Physiology of sport and exercise. Human kinetics.3.baskı.2004.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muammer Özel

Kamil Özer

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Haziran 2017
Kabul Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özel, M., & Özer, K. (2017). Maksimum Aerobik Aktivitede Antrenman Maskesi Kullanımının Akut Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 12-27. https://doi.org/10.17644/iuspor.280580