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Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3, 329 - 340, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041

Öz

Background and Aims: Sediment is the general name given to the muddy structure located at the bottom of aquatic environments such as the sea. In our study, the amounts of steroid hormones were investigated in the sediment samples taken from the Marmara Sea. According to other studies, it has been determined that the excess of the hormone load in the sediments may be an indicator of human/animal sourced pollution, as well as the negative effects of the hormones mixed in the seas with the ecological cycle on the health of humans and animals.

Methods: In our study, 31 selected human/animal, plant, natural and synthetic hormone-steroids were studied using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS-MS). Methanol and QuEChERS were used as extraction methods. Sediment samples were taken from a total of 27 points selected for sampling at the Marmara Sea.

Results: According to the results we found, the androgens: androsterone (24.50-1718.18 ng g−1), testosterone (86.30-1600.32 ng g−1); the estrogens: mestranol (33.73-228.32 ng g−1), equilin (53.44-1232.53 ng g−1); the progestagens; pregnenolone (37.50- 374.76 ng g−1), progesterone (39.96-405.60 ng g−1); levonorgestrel (325.25 and 937.93 ng g−1); the fecal sterols: cholestanone (57.57-1726.32 ng g−1), coprostanol + epicoprostanol (51.43-1370.33 ng g−1); and the plant sterol; campesterol (35.30-1859.90 ng g−1) were the compounds detected.

Conclusion: Estrogens and progestogens are active components of birth control pills, and cholestanone and coprostanol + epicoprostanol are steroids that are indicative of human/animal pollution. Coprostanol + epicoprostanol and cholestanone, which are indicators of fecal pollution, were detected in all sediment samples. In our study, steroid hormones were detected for the first time in Sea of Marmara sediments and possible environmental risks were evaluated.

Destekleyen Kurum

Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

SAG-C-DRP-110618-0301

Teşekkür

The authors thank Prof. Dr. Selma Ünlü for collecting sediment samples.

Kaynakça

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  • Âlvarez Sanchez, B., Capote, F.P., Jimenez, J.R., & Luque de Cas-tro, M.D. (2008). Automated solid-phase extraction for concen-tration and clean-up of female steroid hormones prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrom-etry: An approach to lipidomics. Journal of Chromatography A, 1207(1-2), 46-54. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.085 google scholar
  • Aydoğan, D., & Yurdun, T. (2021). Determination of selected steroid compounds in sediment samples from Golden Horn Estuary (the Sea of Marmara, Turkey) using LC-ESI/MS-MS. Journal of the Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 27(3), 342-364. google scholar
  • Biache, C., & Philp, R.P. (2013). The use of sterol distributions com-bined with compound specific isotope analyses as a tool to identify the origin of fecal contamination in rivers. Water Research, 47(3), 1201-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.037 google scholar
  • Birk, J. J., Dippold, M., Wiesenberg, G. L. B., & Glaser, B. (2012). Combined quantification of faecal sterols, stanols, stanones and bile acids in soils and terrestrial sediments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1242, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.027 google scholar
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3, 329 - 340, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041

Öz

Proje Numarası

SAG-C-DRP-110618-0301

Kaynakça

  • Ali, M. M., Humrawali, N., & Latif, M. T. (2009). Phytosterols compo-sition in surface sediment of Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. European Journal of Scientific Research, 33(1), 187-194. google scholar
  • Âlvarez Sanchez, B., Capote, F.P., Jimenez, J.R., & Luque de Cas-tro, M.D. (2008). Automated solid-phase extraction for concen-tration and clean-up of female steroid hormones prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrom-etry: An approach to lipidomics. Journal of Chromatography A, 1207(1-2), 46-54. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.085 google scholar
  • Aydoğan, D., & Yurdun, T. (2021). Determination of selected steroid compounds in sediment samples from Golden Horn Estuary (the Sea of Marmara, Turkey) using LC-ESI/MS-MS. Journal of the Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 27(3), 342-364. google scholar
  • Biache, C., & Philp, R.P. (2013). The use of sterol distributions com-bined with compound specific isotope analyses as a tool to identify the origin of fecal contamination in rivers. Water Research, 47(3), 1201-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.037 google scholar
  • Birk, J. J., Dippold, M., Wiesenberg, G. L. B., & Glaser, B. (2012). Combined quantification of faecal sterols, stanols, stanones and bile acids in soils and terrestrial sediments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1242, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.027 google scholar
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  • Bradley, P. M., Barber, L. B., Chapelle, F. H., Gray, J. L., Kolpin, D. W., & McMahon, P. B. (2009). Biodegradation of 17-estradiol, estrone and testosterone in stream sediments. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(6), 1902-1910. https://doi.org/10.1021/es802797j google scholar
  • Bull, I. D., Lockheart, M. J., Elhmmali, M. M., Roberts, D. J., & Evershed, R. P. (2002). The origin of faeces by means of biomarker detection. Environment International, 27(8), 647-654. DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00124-6 google scholar
  • Chang, C. C., & Huang, S. D. (2010). Determination of the steroid hor-mone levels in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microex-traction with solidification of a floating organic drop followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta, 662(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.003 google scholar
  • Chang, H., Wan, Y., & Hu, J. (2009). Determination and source ap-portionment of five classes of steroid hormones in urban rivers. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(20), 7691-7698. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803653j google scholar
  • Chapman, P. M., Wang, F., Janssen, C., Persoone, G., & Allen, H. E. (1998). Ecotoxicology of metals in aquatic sediments: binding and release, bioavailability, risk assessment, and remediation. Cana-dian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 2221-2243. google scholar
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Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Esra Aysel 0000-0002-5824-0731

Türkan Yurdun 0000-0002-2554-1204

Proje Numarası SAG-C-DRP-110618-0301
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Aysel, E., & Yurdun, T. (2023). Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 53(3), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041
AMA Aysel E, Yurdun T. Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS. iujp. Aralık 2023;53(3):329-340. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041
Chicago Aysel, Esra, ve Türkan Yurdun. “Analysis of Selected Steroid Hormones in Sea of Marmara Sediment Samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 329-40. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041.
EndNote Aysel E, Yurdun T (01 Aralık 2023) Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53 3 329–340.
IEEE E. Aysel ve T. Yurdun, “Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS”, iujp, c. 53, sy. 3, ss. 329–340, 2023, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041.
ISNAD Aysel, Esra - Yurdun, Türkan. “Analysis of Selected Steroid Hormones in Sea of Marmara Sediment Samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53/3 (Aralık 2023), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041.
JAMA Aysel E, Yurdun T. Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS. iujp. 2023;53:329–340.
MLA Aysel, Esra ve Türkan Yurdun. “Analysis of Selected Steroid Hormones in Sea of Marmara Sediment Samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, c. 53, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 329-40, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1277041.
Vancouver Aysel E, Yurdun T. Analysis of selected steroid hormones in sea of Marmara sediment samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS. iujp. 2023;53(3):329-40.