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Some biological parameters and cholinesterase enzyme profile of Tilapia sp. along Maragondon River, Cavite, Philippines

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 155 - 165, 03.07.2024

Jomel S. Limbago , Grithel Joy B. Basnig , John Ezekiel G. Perez , Jazzrine A. Anit , Leah C. Lacson , Harliqueen S. Jacinto , Olumide S. Olowe , Dennis Gomez

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24014

Öz

This study evaluated Tilapia sp.'s biological parameters and cholinesterase enzyme activity along the Maragondon River. The biological parameters assessed were length-weight relationship and condition factor. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were measured in the brain, muscle, and hepatic tissues of Tilapia sp. Enzyme inhibition rates were then calculated at midstream and downstream stations relative to the reference site upstream. Results showed that Tilapia sp. exhibited negative allometric growth patterns (b < 3), supported by high correlation coefficients (0.86-0.94). The condition factor (K) values across sampling sites ranged from 1.94 to 3.82, indicating the overall fitness of Tilapia sp. However, AChE and BChE enzymes above the 20% threshold were observed at midstream and downstream stations of the river. Specifically, 49.03% and 48.41% inhibition in AChE and BChE of muscle tissue in midstream samples, 22.03% inhibition in the liver and 31.53% inhibition in muscle AChE at downstream station. The cholinesterase tissue localisation was also inferred, arranged from highest to lowest activity as follows: liver > brain > muscle. These findings provide valuable insights into the exposure of Tilapia sp. to cholinesterase inhibitors in Maragondon River, emphasising the importance of biomarkers in assessing the effect of environmental contaminants on aquatic organisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cholinesterase Biomarkers Pollution Tilapia

Etik Beyan

The authors affirm that all international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals have been diligently followed and adhered to throughout the course of this study.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study received funding from the local research fund of the Research, Development, and Extension Services of Cavite State University Naic.

Teşekkür

The authors would like acknowledge the support and assistance provided by the local government units of the Municipality of Ternate and Maragondon, Cavite, Philipines during the conduct of the study.

Kaynakça

  • Abdalla, M.Y.M., Abdelhalim, A.I., Alawad, A.N., Shuaib, M.E., Elhassan, M.M. (2023). Some biological parameters of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758, from Atbara River and Khashm El-Girba reservoir, Eastern Sudan. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 7(3), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2023.007.03.11
  • Bernal-Rey, D.L., Cantera, C.G., dos Santos Afonso, M., Menéndez-Helman, R.J. (2020). Seasonal variations in the dose-response relationship of acetylcholinesterase activity in freshwater fish exposed to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 187, 109673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109673
  • Carvalho, F.P., Villeneuve, J.P., Cattini, C., Tolosa, I., Bajet, C.M., Navarro-Calingacion, M. (2009). Organic contaminants in the marine environment of Manila Bay, Philippines. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57(2), 348-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9271-x
  • Catajan, A.L. Jr., Fajardo, A.C., Limbago, J.S. (2023). Classification of Water Quality Index in Laguna de Bay using XGBoost. Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, 1, 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1109/JCSSE58229.2023.10202029
  • Colović, M.B., Krstić, D.Z., Lazarević-Pašti, T.D., Bondžić, A.M., Vasić, V.M. (2013). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: pharmacology and toxicology. Current Neuropharmacology, 11(3), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X11311030006
  • Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan - Maragondon. (2013). Cavite, Philippines: Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipality of Maragondon.
  • Cuzziol Boccioni, A.P., Lener, G., Peluso, J., Peltzer, P.M., Attademo, A.M., et. al. (2022). Comparative assessment of individual and mixture chronic toxicity of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium on amphibian tadpoles: A multi-biomarker approach. Chemosphere, 309(1), 136554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136554 Dalu, T., Nhiwatiwa, T., Clegg, B. (2013). Length–weight relationships and condition factors of six fish species caught using gill nets in a tropical african reservoir, Zimbabwe. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 68(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2012.733318
  • Datta, S.N., Kaur, V.I., Dhawan, A., Jassal, G. (2013). Estimation of length-weight relationship and condition factor of spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch) under different feeding regimes. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-436
  • Ellison, C.A., Tian, Y., Knaak, J.B., Kostyniak, P.J., Olson, J.R. (2012). Human hepatic cytochrome P450-specific metabolism of the organophosphorus pesticides methyl parathion and diazinon. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 40(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.042572
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, D.K., Andreas, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  • Fajardo, L.J., Ocampo, P.P. (2018). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities in whitegoby, Glossogobius giuris from the East Bay of Laguna Lake, Philippines. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 14(7), 1181-1192.
  • Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(4), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
  • Ghazala, Mahboob, S., Ahmad, L., Sultana, S., Alghanim, K., Al-Misned, F., Ahmad, Z. (2014). Fish cholinesterases as biomarkers of sublethal effects of organophosphorus and carbamates in tissues of Labeo rohita. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 28(3), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21545 Guerrero, R.D.III. (2023). Commercially Caught Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines: Status, Issues, and Recommendations. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology, 44, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2568
  • Hallare, A.v., Kosmehl, T., Schulze, T., Hollert, H., Köhler, H.R., Triebskorn, R. (2005). Assessing contamination levels of Laguna Lake sediments (Philippines) using a contact assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Science of the Total Environment, 347(1–3), 254-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.002
  • Harrison, S., McAree, C., Mulville, W., Sullivan, T. (2019). The problem of agricultural ‘diffuse’ pollution: Getting to the point. Science of the Total Environment, 677, 700-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.169
  • Jalandoon, M.A. (2018). Heavy metals and physicochemical assessment of water, sediments and Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) in Maragondon River, Philippines. Masters Thesis, De La Salle University – Dasmariñas.
  • Kaur, S., Chowdhary, S., Kumar, D., Bhattacharyya, R., Banerjee, D. (2023). Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: Molecular toxicology and laboratory testing. Clinica Chimica Acta, 551, 117584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2023.117584
  • Kovačević, M., Stjepanović, N., Zelić, L., Lončarić, Ž. (2023). Temporal dynamics of biomarker response in Folsomia candida exposed to azoxystrobin. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(7), 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071443
  • Kwikiriza, G., Yegon, M.J., Byamugisha, N., Beingana, A., Atukwatse, F., Barekye, A., et. al. (2023). Morphometric variations of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) local strains collected from different fish farms in South Western Highland Agro-Ecological Zone (SWHAEZ), Uganda: screening strains for aquaculture. Fishes, 8(4), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040217 Liu, Y., Wang, P., Gojenko, B., Yu, J., Wei, L., Luo, D., Xiao, T. (2021). A review of water pollution arising from agriculture and mining activities in Central Asia: Facts, causes and effects. Environmental Pollution, 291, 118209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118209
  • Lopes, R.M., Filho, M.V., de Salles, J.B., Bastos, V.L., Bastos, J.C. (2014). Cholinesterase activity of muscle tissue from freshwater fishes: characterization and sensitivity analysis to the organophosphate methyl-paraoxon. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(6), 1331-1336. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2556
  • Lu, J.L. (2010). Analysis of trends of the types of pesticide used, residues and related factors among farmers in the largest vegetable producing area in the Philippines. Journal of Rural Medicine, 5(2), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.5.184
  • Lu, J.L. (2022). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Pesticide among Farmers in the Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v56i1.3868
  • Mancini, F., Woodcock, B.A., Isaac, N.J.B. (2019). Agrochemicals in the wild: Identifying links between pesticide use and declines of nontarget organisms. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 11: 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.07.003
  • Manuben, J. J. P., Sarmiento, J. A., Bajet, C.M. (2022). Rapid screening of pesticide residues in organic-labeled and conventional vegetables in southern Luzon, Philippines and its implication on food safety. Philippine Journal of Science, 151(3): 843-852. https://doi.org/10.56899/151.03.05
  • Martins-Gomes, C., Coutinho, T.E., Silva, T.L., Andreani, T., Silva, A. M. (2022). Neurotoxicity assessment of four different pesticides using in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays. Toxics, 10(8), 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080448
  • Melefa, T.D., Nwani, C.D. (2021). Imidazole antifungal drug clotrimazole alters the behavior, brain acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 248, 109108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109108 Menéndez-Helman, R.J., Ferreyroa, G.v., dos Santos Afonso, M., Salibián, A. (2015). Circannual rhythms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 111, 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.017 Neuwirthová, N., Trojan, M., Svobodová, M., Vašíčková, J., Šimek, Z., et. al. (2019). Pesticide residues remaining in soils from previous growing season(s) - Can they accumulate in non-target organisms and contaminate the food web? Science of the Total Environment, 646, 1056-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.357
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 155 - 165, 03.07.2024

Jomel S. Limbago , Grithel Joy B. Basnig , John Ezekiel G. Perez , Jazzrine A. Anit , Leah C. Lacson , Harliqueen S. Jacinto , Olumide S. Olowe , Dennis Gomez

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdalla, M.Y.M., Abdelhalim, A.I., Alawad, A.N., Shuaib, M.E., Elhassan, M.M. (2023). Some biological parameters of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758, from Atbara River and Khashm El-Girba reservoir, Eastern Sudan. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 7(3), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2023.007.03.11
  • Bernal-Rey, D.L., Cantera, C.G., dos Santos Afonso, M., Menéndez-Helman, R.J. (2020). Seasonal variations in the dose-response relationship of acetylcholinesterase activity in freshwater fish exposed to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 187, 109673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109673
  • Carvalho, F.P., Villeneuve, J.P., Cattini, C., Tolosa, I., Bajet, C.M., Navarro-Calingacion, M. (2009). Organic contaminants in the marine environment of Manila Bay, Philippines. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 57(2), 348-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9271-x
  • Catajan, A.L. Jr., Fajardo, A.C., Limbago, J.S. (2023). Classification of Water Quality Index in Laguna de Bay using XGBoost. Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, 1, 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1109/JCSSE58229.2023.10202029
  • Colović, M.B., Krstić, D.Z., Lazarević-Pašti, T.D., Bondžić, A.M., Vasić, V.M. (2013). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: pharmacology and toxicology. Current Neuropharmacology, 11(3), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X11311030006
  • Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan - Maragondon. (2013). Cavite, Philippines: Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipality of Maragondon.
  • Cuzziol Boccioni, A.P., Lener, G., Peluso, J., Peltzer, P.M., Attademo, A.M., et. al. (2022). Comparative assessment of individual and mixture chronic toxicity of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium on amphibian tadpoles: A multi-biomarker approach. Chemosphere, 309(1), 136554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136554 Dalu, T., Nhiwatiwa, T., Clegg, B. (2013). Length–weight relationships and condition factors of six fish species caught using gill nets in a tropical african reservoir, Zimbabwe. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 68(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2012.733318
  • Datta, S.N., Kaur, V.I., Dhawan, A., Jassal, G. (2013). Estimation of length-weight relationship and condition factor of spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch) under different feeding regimes. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-436
  • Ellison, C.A., Tian, Y., Knaak, J.B., Kostyniak, P.J., Olson, J.R. (2012). Human hepatic cytochrome P450-specific metabolism of the organophosphorus pesticides methyl parathion and diazinon. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 40(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.042572
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, D.K., Andreas, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  • Fajardo, L.J., Ocampo, P.P. (2018). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activities in whitegoby, Glossogobius giuris from the East Bay of Laguna Lake, Philippines. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 14(7), 1181-1192.
  • Froese, R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22(4), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
  • Ghazala, Mahboob, S., Ahmad, L., Sultana, S., Alghanim, K., Al-Misned, F., Ahmad, Z. (2014). Fish cholinesterases as biomarkers of sublethal effects of organophosphorus and carbamates in tissues of Labeo rohita. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 28(3), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21545 Guerrero, R.D.III. (2023). Commercially Caught Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines: Status, Issues, and Recommendations. Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology, 44, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2568
  • Hallare, A.v., Kosmehl, T., Schulze, T., Hollert, H., Köhler, H.R., Triebskorn, R. (2005). Assessing contamination levels of Laguna Lake sediments (Philippines) using a contact assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Science of the Total Environment, 347(1–3), 254-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.002
  • Harrison, S., McAree, C., Mulville, W., Sullivan, T. (2019). The problem of agricultural ‘diffuse’ pollution: Getting to the point. Science of the Total Environment, 677, 700-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.169
  • Jalandoon, M.A. (2018). Heavy metals and physicochemical assessment of water, sediments and Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) in Maragondon River, Philippines. Masters Thesis, De La Salle University – Dasmariñas.
  • Kaur, S., Chowdhary, S., Kumar, D., Bhattacharyya, R., Banerjee, D. (2023). Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: Molecular toxicology and laboratory testing. Clinica Chimica Acta, 551, 117584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2023.117584
  • Kovačević, M., Stjepanović, N., Zelić, L., Lončarić, Ž. (2023). Temporal dynamics of biomarker response in Folsomia candida exposed to azoxystrobin. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(7), 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071443
  • Kwikiriza, G., Yegon, M.J., Byamugisha, N., Beingana, A., Atukwatse, F., Barekye, A., et. al. (2023). Morphometric variations of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) local strains collected from different fish farms in South Western Highland Agro-Ecological Zone (SWHAEZ), Uganda: screening strains for aquaculture. Fishes, 8(4), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040217 Liu, Y., Wang, P., Gojenko, B., Yu, J., Wei, L., Luo, D., Xiao, T. (2021). A review of water pollution arising from agriculture and mining activities in Central Asia: Facts, causes and effects. Environmental Pollution, 291, 118209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118209
  • Lopes, R.M., Filho, M.V., de Salles, J.B., Bastos, V.L., Bastos, J.C. (2014). Cholinesterase activity of muscle tissue from freshwater fishes: characterization and sensitivity analysis to the organophosphate methyl-paraoxon. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(6), 1331-1336. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2556
  • Lu, J.L. (2010). Analysis of trends of the types of pesticide used, residues and related factors among farmers in the largest vegetable producing area in the Philippines. Journal of Rural Medicine, 5(2), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.5.184
  • Lu, J.L. (2022). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Pesticide among Farmers in the Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina, 56(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v56i1.3868
  • Mancini, F., Woodcock, B.A., Isaac, N.J.B. (2019). Agrochemicals in the wild: Identifying links between pesticide use and declines of nontarget organisms. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 11: 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.07.003
  • Manuben, J. J. P., Sarmiento, J. A., Bajet, C.M. (2022). Rapid screening of pesticide residues in organic-labeled and conventional vegetables in southern Luzon, Philippines and its implication on food safety. Philippine Journal of Science, 151(3): 843-852. https://doi.org/10.56899/151.03.05
  • Martins-Gomes, C., Coutinho, T.E., Silva, T.L., Andreani, T., Silva, A. M. (2022). Neurotoxicity assessment of four different pesticides using in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays. Toxics, 10(8), 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080448
  • Melefa, T.D., Nwani, C.D. (2021). Imidazole antifungal drug clotrimazole alters the behavior, brain acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 248, 109108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109108 Menéndez-Helman, R.J., Ferreyroa, G.v., dos Santos Afonso, M., Salibián, A. (2015). Circannual rhythms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 111, 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.017 Neuwirthová, N., Trojan, M., Svobodová, M., Vašíčková, J., Šimek, Z., et. al. (2019). Pesticide residues remaining in soils from previous growing season(s) - Can they accumulate in non-target organisms and contaminate the food web? Science of the Total Environment, 646, 1056-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.357
  • Pareja, M.C. (2015). Analysis of waste loading (N and P) of Brgy. Sapang IV-I, Ternate, Cavite to Maragondon River, Philippines. Annals of Biological Research, 6(10), 32-42.
  • Peña Messina, E., Tapia Varela, R., Velázquez Abunader, J.I., Orbe Mendoza, A.A., et. al. (2010). Growth, mortality and reproduction of the blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Aguamilpa Reservoir, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 58(4), 1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v58i4.5432 Przybylski, M. (1996). Variation in fish growth characteristics along a river course. Hydrobiologia, 325(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023666 Randall, R.G. (2002). Using allometry with fish size to estimate production to biomass (P/B) ratios of salmonid populations. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 11(3), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00012.x Randall, R.G., Minns, C.K. (2000). Use of fish production per unit biomass ratios for measuring the productive capacity of fish habitats. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57(8), 1657-1667. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-103
  • Sams, C., Cocker, J., Lennard, M.S. (2004). Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450s (CYP). Xenobiotica, 34(10), 861-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00498250400017273
  • Santana, M.S., Domingues de Melo, G., Sandrini-Neto, L., di Domenico, M., et. al. (2022). A meta-analytic review of fish antioxidant defense and biotransformation systems following pesticide exposure. Chemosphere, 291, 132730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132730
  • Santiago, E.C., Kwan, C.S. (2016). POPs in Selected Rivers and Bays in the Philipppines. In: Monitoring and governance of persistent organic pollutants in Asia, Ito O, Ishikawa-Takeshita E, Iino F, Shibata Y, Morita M (eds). United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York.
  • Sepahi, S., Gerayli, S., Delirrad, M., Taghavizadeh Yazdi, M.E., Zare-Zardini, H., et. al. (2023). Biochemical responses as early and reliable biomarkers of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides intoxication: A systematic literature review. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 37(3), e23285. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.23285
  • Shah, Z.U., Parveen, S. (2022). Oxidative, biochemical and histopathological alterations in fishes from pesticide contaminated river Ganga, India. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3628. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07506-8 Stanley, J., Preetha, G. (2016). Pesticide toxicity to fishes: Exposure, toxicity and risk assessment methodologies. In: Pesticide Toxicity to Non-target Organisms. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7752-0 Suquet, M., Rochet, M.J., Gaignon, J.L. (2005). Experimental ecology: A key to understanding fish biology in the wild. Aquatic Living Resources 18(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2005030
  • Thanomsit, C., Kiatprasert, P., Prasatkaew, W., Khongchareonporn, N., Nanthanawat, P. (2021). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) monoclonal antibody generation and validation for use as a biomarker of glyphosate-based herbicide exposure in commercial freshwater fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part - C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 241, 108956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108956
  • Villeneuve, J.P., Cattini, C., Bajet, C.M., Navarro-Calingacion, M.F., Carvalho, F.P. (2010). PCBs in sediments and oysters of Manila Bay, the Philippines. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 20(4), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603121003624299 Weber, U., Brank, M., Grubič, Z. (1999). Glucocorticoids differentially control synthesis of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in rat liver and brain. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 119–120, 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(99)00045-9
  • Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, P., Bi, Z., Shan, Z., Ren, L. (2021). The deep challenge of nitrate pollution in river water of China. Science of the Total Environment, 770, 144674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144674 Zuh, C.K., Abobi, S. M., Campion, B.B. (2019). Comparative assessment of age, growth and food habit of the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell, 1852), from a closed and open lagoon, Ghana. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-019-0146-z
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sucul Kültür ve Balıkçılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Jomel S. Limbago 0000-0002-6425-5892

Grithel Joy B. Basnig 0009-0003-7199-3046

John Ezekiel G. Perez 0009-0007-7577-6742

Jazzrine A. Anit 0009-0007-5722-1735

Leah C. Lacson 0009-0001-6460-9371

Harliqueen S. Jacinto 0000-0003-2423-3995

Olumide S. Olowe 0000-0002-1677-492X

Dennis Gomez 0000-0003-3663-4841

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Limbago, J. S., Basnig, G. J. B., Perez, J. E. G., Anit, J. A., vd. (2024). Some biological parameters and cholinesterase enzyme profile of Tilapia sp. along Maragondon River, Cavite, Philippines. Aquatic Research, 7(3), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24014
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