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Diagnosis of Aeromonas sobria and Saprolegnia sp. co-infection in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 65 - 72, 26.11.2020

Remziye Yardımcı , Emre Turgay

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21006

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine a considerable level of mortalities occurred in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in a research hatchery located in Marmara Region/Turkey. Totally 18 individuals (1-8 g) were investigated by using bacteriological and mycological methods. The affected fish showed skin darkening, prolapses and fungal mats at the base of the fins. According to morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, all of them were identified as Aeromonas sobria. Saprolegnia sp. was also observed in squash preparations of the skin. All isolates were determined to be sensitive against florfenicol, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Histopathologically, vacuolar degeneration, haemorrhage and hyperaemia in the liver, tubular necrosis, periglomerular edema, and multifocal melanomacrophage deposits in the kidney and depletion of white pulp in the spleen were determined. Distal type epithelial cells hyperplasia was also observed in the gills. In diseased fish, motile Aeromonad septicaemia was described and Saprolegnia sp. was also detected in fins and skin lesions but it was considered to be a secondary infection.

Keywords

Rainbow trout fry Oncorhynchus mykiss Aeromonas sobria Saprolegnia spp

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University

Project Number

35964

References

  • Alvarez, R.J.D., Agurto, C.P., Alvarez, A.M., Obregon, J. (2004). Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Aisladas de Tilapias, Agua y Sedimento en Venezuela. Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ, 19(6), 491-499.
  • Avsever, M.L., Onuk, E.E., Turk, N., Tunaligil, S., Eskiizmirliler, S., Incoglu, S., Yabanli, M. (2012). Pasteurellosis cases in sea bass and sea bream cultured in the Aegean region and other bacteria isolated from these cases. Bornova Veteriner Kontrol ve Arastırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(48), 9-16.
  • Austin, B., Austin, D. (2007). Bacterial Fish Pathogens Disease of Farmed And Wild Fish. 7th (revised) Edition, Springer-Praxis Publishing, Chichester.
  • Buller, N.B. (2004). Bacteria from Fish and Other Aquatic Animals: A Practical Identification Manuel. CABI Publishing, Cambridge USA, ISBN 0851997384. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997384.0000
  • Candan, A., Kucuker, M.A., Karatas, S. (1995). Motile aeromonad septicaemia in Salmo salar cultured in the Black Sea in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 15(6), 195-196.
  • CLSI, (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility 23th informational supplement. CLSI Document M100- S23, (ISBN1-56238-865-7-Print:1-56238-866-5–Electronic) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania, 19087 USA.
  • Culling, C.F.A. (1963). Handbook of Histopathological Techniques. Second edition, Butterworth & Co.
  • Dinçtürk, E., Tanrıkul, T.T., Türk Çulha, S. (2018). Fungal and Bacterial Co-Infection of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) in a Recirculating Aquaculture System: Saprolegnia parasitica and Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(3), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE201811
  • Durmaz, Y., Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15 (3): 357-361.
  • Esteve, C., Amaro C., Garay, E., Santos, I., Toranzo, A.E. (1995). Pathogenicity of live bacteria and extracellular products of motile Aeromonas isolated from eels. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 78(5), 555-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03099.x
  • Guz, L., Kozinska, A. (2004). Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 48, 391-395.
  • Karataş, S. (1996). Salmo salar L larda bağırsak florasından Aeromonas cinsi bakterilerin izolasyonu. MSc Thesis, Istanbul University.
  • Kayis, S., Capkin, E., Fikri, B., Altinok, I. (2009). Bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Southern Black Sea Region of Turkey - a survey. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 61(4), 339-344.
  • Korun, J., Toprak, B.H. (2007). Japon (Carassius auratus) balıklarından izole ve identifiye edilen Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae ve A. sobria türlerinin antibiyotik hassasiyetleri, hemolitik aktiviteleri ve siderofor üretimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Sucul Yasam Dergisi, 3(5), 776-782.
  • Laith, A.R., Najiah, M. (2013). Aeromonas hydrophila: antimicrobial susceptibility and histopathology of isolates from diseased catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 5(2), 1-7.
  • Majtan, J., Cerny, J., Ofukana, A., Takac, P., Kozanek, M. (2012). Mortality of therapeutic fish Garra rufa caused by Aeromonas sobria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), 85-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60197-4
  • Martinez-Murcia, A.J., Esteve, C., Garay, E., Collins, M.D. (1992). Aeromonas allosaccharophila sp. nov., a new mesophilic member of the genus Aeromonas. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 91, 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05209.x
  • Onuk, E.E., Çaycı Tanrıverdi, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftçi, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., Altın, S. (2017). Balık ve yetiştirme suyu kökenli Aeromonas izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002777
  • Ozer, S., Bulduklu, P., Tezcan, S., Dönmez, E., Aydin, E., Aslan, G., Emekdas, G. (2009). Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) farms. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25 (2), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01222.x
  • Plumb, J.A., Hanson, L.A. (2011). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. 3rd edn. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 492 pp.
  • Rahman, M., Colque-Navarro, P., Kühn, I., Huys, G., Swings, J., Möllby, R. (2002). Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic Aeromonas veronii Biovar Sobria Associated with Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Fish in Bangladesh. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 68(2), 650-655. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.2.650-655.2002
  • Roberts, R.J. (2012). Fish Pathology. 4.Edition. Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom, pp.387-390 ISBN: 978-1-118-22296-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118222942
  • Saharia, P., Pokhrel, H., Kalita, B., Hussain, I.A., Islam, S.(2018). Histopathological changes in Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila associated with hemorrhagic septicemia of Central Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(5), 06-11
  • Shoemaker, C., Xu, D., Lafrentz, B., Lapatra, S. (2015). Overview of Fish Immune System and Infectious Diseases. P1-24, In: Dietary Nutrients, Additives, and Fish Health (Ed: Cheng-Sheng Lee , Chhorn Lim, Delbert M. Gatlin II, and Carl D. Webster). Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey384p. ISBN: 10987654321. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119005568.ch1
  • Snieszko, S.F., Bullock, G.L., (1965). Freshwater fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genera aeromonas and pseudomonas. U.S.A. Fish and wildlife service. Fishery Icaflet No.459.
  • Şahin, A.G., San, A.T., Gürçay, S., Alkan, S.M. (2019). Determination of antibiotic resistance sensitivity of Aeromonas sobria isolated from Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.07
  • Toranzo, A.E., Baya, A.M., Romalde, J.J. Hetrick, F.M. (1989). Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum lesueur. Journal of Fish Diseases, 12, 439-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00555.x
  • TUİK (2019). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30697 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (accessed: 12.06.2019).
  • Wahli, T., Burr, S.E., Pugovkin, D., Mueller, O., Frey, J. (2005). Aeromonas sobria, a causative agent of disease in farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L.. Journal of Fish Diseases, 28(3), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00608.x
  • Yardımcı, B., Aydın, Y. (2011). Pathological findings of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 58, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002448
  • Yuasa, K,, Hatai, K, (1995). Relationship between pathogenity of Saprolegnia spp. Isolates to rainbow trout and their biological characteristics. Fish Pathology, 30, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.30.101
  • Yuasa, K,, Kitancharoen, N., Hatai, K. (1977). Simple method to distinguish between Saprolegnia parasitica and S. diclina isolated from fishes with saprolegniasis. Fish Pathology, 32, 175-176. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.32.175

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 65 - 72, 26.11.2020

Remziye Yardımcı , Emre Turgay

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21006

Abstract

Project Number

35964

References

  • Alvarez, R.J.D., Agurto, C.P., Alvarez, A.M., Obregon, J. (2004). Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Aisladas de Tilapias, Agua y Sedimento en Venezuela. Revista Cientifica, FCV-LUZ, 19(6), 491-499.
  • Avsever, M.L., Onuk, E.E., Turk, N., Tunaligil, S., Eskiizmirliler, S., Incoglu, S., Yabanli, M. (2012). Pasteurellosis cases in sea bass and sea bream cultured in the Aegean region and other bacteria isolated from these cases. Bornova Veteriner Kontrol ve Arastırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 34(48), 9-16.
  • Austin, B., Austin, D. (2007). Bacterial Fish Pathogens Disease of Farmed And Wild Fish. 7th (revised) Edition, Springer-Praxis Publishing, Chichester.
  • Buller, N.B. (2004). Bacteria from Fish and Other Aquatic Animals: A Practical Identification Manuel. CABI Publishing, Cambridge USA, ISBN 0851997384. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851997384.0000
  • Candan, A., Kucuker, M.A., Karatas, S. (1995). Motile aeromonad septicaemia in Salmo salar cultured in the Black Sea in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 15(6), 195-196.
  • CLSI, (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility 23th informational supplement. CLSI Document M100- S23, (ISBN1-56238-865-7-Print:1-56238-866-5–Electronic) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania, 19087 USA.
  • Culling, C.F.A. (1963). Handbook of Histopathological Techniques. Second edition, Butterworth & Co.
  • Dinçtürk, E., Tanrıkul, T.T., Türk Çulha, S. (2018). Fungal and Bacterial Co-Infection of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) in a Recirculating Aquaculture System: Saprolegnia parasitica and Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(3), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE201811
  • Durmaz, Y., Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15 (3): 357-361.
  • Esteve, C., Amaro C., Garay, E., Santos, I., Toranzo, A.E. (1995). Pathogenicity of live bacteria and extracellular products of motile Aeromonas isolated from eels. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 78(5), 555-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03099.x
  • Guz, L., Kozinska, A. (2004). Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 48, 391-395.
  • Karataş, S. (1996). Salmo salar L larda bağırsak florasından Aeromonas cinsi bakterilerin izolasyonu. MSc Thesis, Istanbul University.
  • Kayis, S., Capkin, E., Fikri, B., Altinok, I. (2009). Bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Southern Black Sea Region of Turkey - a survey. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 61(4), 339-344.
  • Korun, J., Toprak, B.H. (2007). Japon (Carassius auratus) balıklarından izole ve identifiye edilen Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae ve A. sobria türlerinin antibiyotik hassasiyetleri, hemolitik aktiviteleri ve siderofor üretimleri üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Sucul Yasam Dergisi, 3(5), 776-782.
  • Laith, A.R., Najiah, M. (2013). Aeromonas hydrophila: antimicrobial susceptibility and histopathology of isolates from diseased catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 5(2), 1-7.
  • Majtan, J., Cerny, J., Ofukana, A., Takac, P., Kozanek, M. (2012). Mortality of therapeutic fish Garra rufa caused by Aeromonas sobria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), 85-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60197-4
  • Martinez-Murcia, A.J., Esteve, C., Garay, E., Collins, M.D. (1992). Aeromonas allosaccharophila sp. nov., a new mesophilic member of the genus Aeromonas. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 91, 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05209.x
  • Onuk, E.E., Çaycı Tanrıverdi, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftçi, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., Altın, S. (2017). Balık ve yetiştirme suyu kökenli Aeromonas izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002777
  • Ozer, S., Bulduklu, P., Tezcan, S., Dönmez, E., Aydin, E., Aslan, G., Emekdas, G. (2009). Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) farms. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25 (2), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01222.x
  • Plumb, J.A., Hanson, L.A. (2011). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes. 3rd edn. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 492 pp.
  • Rahman, M., Colque-Navarro, P., Kühn, I., Huys, G., Swings, J., Möllby, R. (2002). Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic Aeromonas veronii Biovar Sobria Associated with Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Fish in Bangladesh. Applied and Enviromental Microbiology, 68(2), 650-655. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.2.650-655.2002
  • Roberts, R.J. (2012). Fish Pathology. 4.Edition. Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom, pp.387-390 ISBN: 978-1-118-22296-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118222942
  • Saharia, P., Pokhrel, H., Kalita, B., Hussain, I.A., Islam, S.(2018). Histopathological changes in Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila associated with hemorrhagic septicemia of Central Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(5), 06-11
  • Shoemaker, C., Xu, D., Lafrentz, B., Lapatra, S. (2015). Overview of Fish Immune System and Infectious Diseases. P1-24, In: Dietary Nutrients, Additives, and Fish Health (Ed: Cheng-Sheng Lee , Chhorn Lim, Delbert M. Gatlin II, and Carl D. Webster). Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey384p. ISBN: 10987654321. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119005568.ch1
  • Snieszko, S.F., Bullock, G.L., (1965). Freshwater fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genera aeromonas and pseudomonas. U.S.A. Fish and wildlife service. Fishery Icaflet No.459.
  • Şahin, A.G., San, A.T., Gürçay, S., Alkan, S.M. (2019). Determination of antibiotic resistance sensitivity of Aeromonas sobria isolated from Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.07
  • Toranzo, A.E., Baya, A.M., Romalde, J.J. Hetrick, F.M. (1989). Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum lesueur. Journal of Fish Diseases, 12, 439-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00555.x
  • TUİK (2019). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30697 Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (accessed: 12.06.2019).
  • Wahli, T., Burr, S.E., Pugovkin, D., Mueller, O., Frey, J. (2005). Aeromonas sobria, a causative agent of disease in farmed perch, Perca fluviatilis L.. Journal of Fish Diseases, 28(3), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00608.x
  • Yardımcı, B., Aydın, Y. (2011). Pathological findings of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 58, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002448
  • Yuasa, K,, Hatai, K, (1995). Relationship between pathogenity of Saprolegnia spp. Isolates to rainbow trout and their biological characteristics. Fish Pathology, 30, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.30.101
  • Yuasa, K,, Kitancharoen, N., Hatai, K. (1977). Simple method to distinguish between Saprolegnia parasitica and S. diclina isolated from fishes with saprolegniasis. Fish Pathology, 32, 175-176. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.32.175
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Short Communication
Authors

Remziye Yardımcı 0000-0001-7737-8739

Emre Turgay 0000-0001-9964-3919

Project Number 35964
Publication Date November 26, 2020
Submission Date June 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yardımcı, R., & Turgay, E. (2021). Diagnosis of Aeromonas sobria and Saprolegnia sp. co-infection in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Research, 4(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21006
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