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In vitro, amoebicidal activities of submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum L. extract against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites

Yıl 2024, , 178 - 188, 06.10.2024

Beyhan Taş , Zeynep Kolören , Onur Kolören

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24016

Öz

Ceratophyllum demersum L. is a hydrophyte with potential for use as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. It has also been stated that it is a hepatoprotective and anti-diarrheal agent with potential use in stomach disorders and respiratory diseases. Our study investigated the anti-amoebic activity of C. demersum, which became a hydrophyte underwater collected from Samsun River Miliç. Different concentrations of the pathogenic strain of Acanthamoeba castellanii (ATCC 30010) and the ethanolic extract of C. demersum were used to determine anti-Acanthamoeba activity. A. castellanii trophozoites were treated with C. demersum extract at different concentrations ranging from 1.9, 3.8, 7.6, 15.2, 30.4, 60.8 µg/mL and incubated at 26°C for 72 h. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of C. demersum extract was approximately 42.5 µg/mL at 72 hours. Trophozoite cell viability decreased to 42% and 58.33% in the presence of 30.4 and 60.8 µg/mL C. demersum extract at 72 hours, respectively. These results indicate that the ethanolic extract of C. demersum has anti-Acanthamoeba activity against A. castellanii trophozoites. The study highlights that this extract can be a potential protective drug source against Acanthamoeba trophozoites.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ceratophyllum demersum Acanthamoeba castellanii Amoebicidal activities Hydrophyte

Etik Beyan

This study does not require ethics committee permission or any special permission.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Halbosiy, M.M.F., Hassan, N.N., Jameel, S., AkramThabit, Z., Rasheed, K. A. (2020). Evaluation of phenolic extract from Ceratophyllum demersum against Leishmania sp., l20b cell line and bacteria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 23(10), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231030
  • Ashok, D.T., Atul, M.K., Karale, S.S., Yashodhan, B.W. (2011). Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and wound healing potentials of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. whole plant in rats. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(2), 297–303.
  • Awati, S.S., Gilhotra, R.M., Singh, S.K., Raj, V., Wadkar, K.A. (2020). Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn.: A review.
  • Bhowmik, S., Datta, B. K., Saha, A. K. (2013). Ethno medicinal and phytochemical screening of some hydrophytes and marsh plants of Tripura, India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(10), 1453–1459.
  • Beulah, G.G., Soris, P.T., Mohan, V.R. (2018). GC-MS determination of bioactive compounds of Dendrophthoe falcata (LF) Ettingsh: an epiphytic plant. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 8, 261–269.
  • Borges, A, José, H, Homem, V, Simões, M. (2020). Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea. Antibiotics (Basel), 9(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020048
  • Brunton, L.L., Lazo, J.S., Parker, K.L. (2006). Goodman’s & Gilman’s: The Pharmacological Basic of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill companies, Medical Publishing Division.
  • Chiboub, O., Ktari, L., Sifaoui, I., López-Arencibia, A., Reyes-Batlle, M., Mejri, M., Valladares, B., Abderrabba, M., Piñero J.E., Lorenzo-Morales. J. (2017). In vitro amoebicidal and antioxidant activities of some Tunisian seaweeds. Experimental Parasitology, 183, 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.012
  • Degerli, S., Berk, S., Malatyali, E., Tepe, B. (2012a). Screening of the in vitro amoebicidal activities of Pastinaca armenea (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) and Inula oculus-christi (L.) on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research,110(2), 565-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2524-z
  • Degerli, S., Tepe, B., Celiksoz, A., Berk, S., Malatyali E. (2012b). In vitro amoebicidal activity of Origanum syriacum and Origanum laevigatum on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Experimental Parasitology, 131(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.020
  • Elsheikha, H.M., Siddiqui, R., Khan, N.A. (2020). Drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections: Present knowledge and unmet needs. Pathogens, 9(5), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050405
  • Ertürk, Ö., Taş, B., Şahin, H. (2019). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Eurasian water-milfoil collected from lentic and lotic water body in Central Black Sea Region, Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1), 12–19.
  • Fareed, M.F., Haroon, A.M., Rabeh, S.A. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of some macrophytes from Lake Manzalah (Egypt). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(21), 2454–2463. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.2454.2463
  • Fareed, M.F., Haroon, A.M., Rabeh, S.A. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of some macrophytes from Lake Manzalah (Egypt). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(21), 2454–2463. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.2454.2463
  • Gupta, A., Pandey, V.N. (2014). Herbal remedies of aquatic macrophytes of Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh (India). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(1), 300–308.Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Education, 5(1), 409–422.
  • Islam, M.T., Ali, E.S., Uddin, S.J., Shaw, S., Islam, M.A, Ahmed, M.I, Atanasov, A.G. (2018). Phytol: a review of biomedical activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 121, 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.032
  • Karale, S.S., Jadhav, S.A., Chougule, N.B., Awati, S.S., Patil, A.A. (2013). Evaluation of analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. in albino rats. Current Pharma Research, 3(4), 1027–1030. https://doi.org/10.33786/JCPR.2013.v03i04.009
  • Karatas, M., Dogan, M., Emsen, B., Aasim, M. (2015). Determination of in vitro free radical scavenging activities of various extracts from in vitro propagated Ceratophyllum demersum L. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24, 2946–2952.
  • Kaynak, B., Koloren, Z., Karaman, U. (2018). Investigation of in vitro amoebicidal activities of Ornithogalum sigmoideum on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Annals of Medical Research, 25(4), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2018.07.145
  • Kaynak, B., Koloren, Z., Karaman, U. (2019). Investigation of in vitro amoebicidal activities of Trachystemon orientalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Van Medical Journal, 26(4), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2019.79926
  • Khan, N.A. (2006). Acanthamoeba: Biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 30, 564-595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00023.x
  • Koloren, O., Koloren, Z., Atli Şekeroğlu, Z., Çol Ayvaz, M., Karanis, P. (2019). Amoebicidal and amoebistatic effects of Artemisia argyi methanolic extracts on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Acta Parasitologica, 64, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00009-5
  • Kurashov, E.A., Fedorova, E.V., Krylova, J.V., Mitrukova, G.G. (2016). Assessment of the potential biological activity of low molecular weight metabolites of fresh water macrophytes with QSAR. Scientifica, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1205680
  • Lass, A., Szostakowska, B., Idinska, A., Chomicz, L. (2014). The first genotype determination of Acanthamoeba potential threat to human health, isolated from natural water reservoirs in Poland. Parasitology Research, 113, 2693–2699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3925-6
  • Li, Z., Tu, Z, Wang, H., Zhang, L. (2020). Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules, 25(19), 4507. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194507
  • Li, Y., Zhao, X., Xia, M., Wei, X., Hou, H. (2023). Temperature is a cryptic factor shaping the geographical pattern of genetic variation in Ceratophyllum demersum across a subtropical freshwater lake. Plant Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.002
  • Lone, A.H., Balkhi, M.H., Magloo, A.H., Wanjari, R. N., Bazaz, A.I., Shah, M. A., Lone, H. Q. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of Ceratophyllum demersum against some fish pathogens in cold waters of Kashmir valley. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 12(10), 1155–1163.
  • Lu, X., Qiao, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, B., Qiu, M. (2007). Chemical constituents from Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae). Aeta Bot. Yunnaniea, 29, 263–264.
  • Malathy, R., Shaleesha, A.S. (2015). Studies on the potential therapeutic effects on the aquatic macrophytes namely Cabomba aquatica, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hygrophila corymbose. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(4), 479–483.
  • Malatyali, E., Tepe, B., Degerli, S., Berk, S., Akpulat, H.A. (2012a). In vitro amoebicidal activity of four Peucedanum species on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research, 110(1), 167-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2466-5
  • Malatyali, E., Tepe, B., Degerli, S., Berk, S. (2012b). In vitro amoebicidal activities of Satureja cuneifolia and Melissa officinalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research,110(6), 2175-2180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2744-2
  • Monferran, M.V., Wunderlin, D.A., Nimptsch, J., Pflugmacher, S. (2007). Biotransformation and antioxidant response in Ceratophyllum demersum experimentally exposed to 1,2- and 1,4- dichlorobenzene. Chemosphere. 68(11), 2073–2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.016
  • Mujeeb, F., Bajpai, P., Pathak, N. (2014). Phytochemical evaluation, antimicrobial activity, and determination of bioactive components from leaves of Aegle marmelos. BioMed Research International, 2014, 497606. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/497606
  • Niesink, R.J.M., Vries, J.D., Hollinger, M.A, (1996). Toxicology principles and applications.CRC Press, New York. 1312 p.
  • Nisha, R.P.B. (2018) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for identifcation of bioactive compounds in selected genotypes of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Pharma Innovation,7, 929–939.
  • Parmar, N., Desai, J. (1993). Review of the current methodology for the evaluation of gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer agents. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 25, 120–135.
  • Ramya, R., Punitha, S.C., Aruna, G. (2021). Analysis of bioactive compounds from Stevia rebaudiana bertoni. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, pp 4560–4568.
  • Rashid, N., Ganiee, S.A., Bhat, M.S., Ganai, B.A. (2023). Comparative biochemical analysis and GC–MS phytochemical profiling in some aquatic plants. Chemical Papers, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03217-0
  • Roma, K., Kiran, S., Sahoo, D. (2017). Extraction and screening of bioactive compounds of some common hydrophytic and wetland plants from East Singbhum, Jharkhand, India. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 7(11), 23–29.
  • Taranhalli, A.D., Kadam, A.M., Karale, S.S., Warke, Y.B. (2011). Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and wound healing potentials of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. whole plant in rats. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(2), 297–303. Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2021). Assessment of aquatic plants in the Miliç Coastal Wetland (Terme, Samsun, Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 14(1-2), 1–23.
  • Tepe, B., Malatyalı, E., Değerli, S., Berk, S. (2012). In vitro amoebicidal activities of Teucrium polium and T. chamaedrys on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Parasitology Research, 110(5), 1773–1778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2698-4

Yıl 2024, , 178 - 188, 06.10.2024

Beyhan Taş , Zeynep Kolören , Onur Kolören

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Al-Halbosiy, M.M.F., Hassan, N.N., Jameel, S., AkramThabit, Z., Rasheed, K. A. (2020). Evaluation of phenolic extract from Ceratophyllum demersum against Leishmania sp., l20b cell line and bacteria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 23(10), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231030
  • Ashok, D.T., Atul, M.K., Karale, S.S., Yashodhan, B.W. (2011). Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and wound healing potentials of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. whole plant in rats. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(2), 297–303.
  • Awati, S.S., Gilhotra, R.M., Singh, S.K., Raj, V., Wadkar, K.A. (2020). Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn.: A review.
  • Bhowmik, S., Datta, B. K., Saha, A. K. (2013). Ethno medicinal and phytochemical screening of some hydrophytes and marsh plants of Tripura, India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 22(10), 1453–1459.
  • Beulah, G.G., Soris, P.T., Mohan, V.R. (2018). GC-MS determination of bioactive compounds of Dendrophthoe falcata (LF) Ettingsh: an epiphytic plant. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 8, 261–269.
  • Borges, A, José, H, Homem, V, Simões, M. (2020). Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea. Antibiotics (Basel), 9(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020048
  • Brunton, L.L., Lazo, J.S., Parker, K.L. (2006). Goodman’s & Gilman’s: The Pharmacological Basic of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill companies, Medical Publishing Division.
  • Chiboub, O., Ktari, L., Sifaoui, I., López-Arencibia, A., Reyes-Batlle, M., Mejri, M., Valladares, B., Abderrabba, M., Piñero J.E., Lorenzo-Morales. J. (2017). In vitro amoebicidal and antioxidant activities of some Tunisian seaweeds. Experimental Parasitology, 183, 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.012
  • Degerli, S., Berk, S., Malatyali, E., Tepe, B. (2012a). Screening of the in vitro amoebicidal activities of Pastinaca armenea (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) and Inula oculus-christi (L.) on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research,110(2), 565-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2524-z
  • Degerli, S., Tepe, B., Celiksoz, A., Berk, S., Malatyali E. (2012b). In vitro amoebicidal activity of Origanum syriacum and Origanum laevigatum on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Experimental Parasitology, 131(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.020
  • Elsheikha, H.M., Siddiqui, R., Khan, N.A. (2020). Drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections: Present knowledge and unmet needs. Pathogens, 9(5), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050405
  • Ertürk, Ö., Taş, B., Şahin, H. (2019). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Eurasian water-milfoil collected from lentic and lotic water body in Central Black Sea Region, Turkey. Acta Biologica Turcica, 33(1), 12–19.
  • Fareed, M.F., Haroon, A.M., Rabeh, S.A. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of some macrophytes from Lake Manzalah (Egypt). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(21), 2454–2463. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.2454.2463
  • Fareed, M.F., Haroon, A.M., Rabeh, S.A. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of some macrophytes from Lake Manzalah (Egypt). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(21), 2454–2463. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.2454.2463
  • Gupta, A., Pandey, V.N. (2014). Herbal remedies of aquatic macrophytes of Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh (India). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(1), 300–308.Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Education, 5(1), 409–422.
  • Islam, M.T., Ali, E.S., Uddin, S.J., Shaw, S., Islam, M.A, Ahmed, M.I, Atanasov, A.G. (2018). Phytol: a review of biomedical activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 121, 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.032
  • Karale, S.S., Jadhav, S.A., Chougule, N.B., Awati, S.S., Patil, A.A. (2013). Evaluation of analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. in albino rats. Current Pharma Research, 3(4), 1027–1030. https://doi.org/10.33786/JCPR.2013.v03i04.009
  • Karatas, M., Dogan, M., Emsen, B., Aasim, M. (2015). Determination of in vitro free radical scavenging activities of various extracts from in vitro propagated Ceratophyllum demersum L. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24, 2946–2952.
  • Kaynak, B., Koloren, Z., Karaman, U. (2018). Investigation of in vitro amoebicidal activities of Ornithogalum sigmoideum on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Annals of Medical Research, 25(4), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2018.07.145
  • Kaynak, B., Koloren, Z., Karaman, U. (2019). Investigation of in vitro amoebicidal activities of Trachystemon orientalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Van Medical Journal, 26(4), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2019.79926
  • Khan, N.A. (2006). Acanthamoeba: Biology and increasing importance in human health. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 30, 564-595. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00023.x
  • Koloren, O., Koloren, Z., Atli Şekeroğlu, Z., Çol Ayvaz, M., Karanis, P. (2019). Amoebicidal and amoebistatic effects of Artemisia argyi methanolic extracts on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Acta Parasitologica, 64, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00009-5
  • Kurashov, E.A., Fedorova, E.V., Krylova, J.V., Mitrukova, G.G. (2016). Assessment of the potential biological activity of low molecular weight metabolites of fresh water macrophytes with QSAR. Scientifica, 9, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1205680
  • Lass, A., Szostakowska, B., Idinska, A., Chomicz, L. (2014). The first genotype determination of Acanthamoeba potential threat to human health, isolated from natural water reservoirs in Poland. Parasitology Research, 113, 2693–2699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3925-6
  • Li, Z., Tu, Z, Wang, H., Zhang, L. (2020). Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules, 25(19), 4507. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194507
  • Li, Y., Zhao, X., Xia, M., Wei, X., Hou, H. (2023). Temperature is a cryptic factor shaping the geographical pattern of genetic variation in Ceratophyllum demersum across a subtropical freshwater lake. Plant Diversity, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.002
  • Lone, A.H., Balkhi, M.H., Magloo, A.H., Wanjari, R. N., Bazaz, A.I., Shah, M. A., Lone, H. Q. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of Ceratophyllum demersum against some fish pathogens in cold waters of Kashmir valley. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 12(10), 1155–1163.
  • Lu, X., Qiao, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, B., Qiu, M. (2007). Chemical constituents from Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae). Aeta Bot. Yunnaniea, 29, 263–264.
  • Malathy, R., Shaleesha, A.S. (2015). Studies on the potential therapeutic effects on the aquatic macrophytes namely Cabomba aquatica, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hygrophila corymbose. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(4), 479–483.
  • Malatyali, E., Tepe, B., Degerli, S., Berk, S., Akpulat, H.A. (2012a). In vitro amoebicidal activity of four Peucedanum species on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research, 110(1), 167-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2466-5
  • Malatyali, E., Tepe, B., Degerli, S., Berk, S. (2012b). In vitro amoebicidal activities of Satureja cuneifolia and Melissa officinalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitology Research,110(6), 2175-2180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2744-2
  • Monferran, M.V., Wunderlin, D.A., Nimptsch, J., Pflugmacher, S. (2007). Biotransformation and antioxidant response in Ceratophyllum demersum experimentally exposed to 1,2- and 1,4- dichlorobenzene. Chemosphere. 68(11), 2073–2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.016
  • Mujeeb, F., Bajpai, P., Pathak, N. (2014). Phytochemical evaluation, antimicrobial activity, and determination of bioactive components from leaves of Aegle marmelos. BioMed Research International, 2014, 497606. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/497606
  • Niesink, R.J.M., Vries, J.D., Hollinger, M.A, (1996). Toxicology principles and applications.CRC Press, New York. 1312 p.
  • Nisha, R.P.B. (2018) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for identifcation of bioactive compounds in selected genotypes of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Pharma Innovation,7, 929–939.
  • Parmar, N., Desai, J. (1993). Review of the current methodology for the evaluation of gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer agents. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 25, 120–135.
  • Ramya, R., Punitha, S.C., Aruna, G. (2021). Analysis of bioactive compounds from Stevia rebaudiana bertoni. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, pp 4560–4568.
  • Rashid, N., Ganiee, S.A., Bhat, M.S., Ganai, B.A. (2023). Comparative biochemical analysis and GC–MS phytochemical profiling in some aquatic plants. Chemical Papers, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-03217-0
  • Roma, K., Kiran, S., Sahoo, D. (2017). Extraction and screening of bioactive compounds of some common hydrophytic and wetland plants from East Singbhum, Jharkhand, India. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 7(11), 23–29.
  • Taranhalli, A.D., Kadam, A.M., Karale, S.S., Warke, Y.B. (2011). Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and wound healing potentials of Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. whole plant in rats. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(2), 297–303. Taş, B., Topaldemir, H. (2021). Assessment of aquatic plants in the Miliç Coastal Wetland (Terme, Samsun, Turkey). Review of Hydrobiology, 14(1-2), 1–23.
  • Tepe, B., Malatyalı, E., Değerli, S., Berk, S. (2012). In vitro amoebicidal activities of Teucrium polium and T. chamaedrys on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Parasitology Research, 110(5), 1773–1778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2698-4
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Beyhan Taş 0000-0001-6421-2561

Zeynep Kolören 0000-0001-9708-2716

Onur Kolören 0000-0001-7845-6647

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, B., Kolören, Z., & Kolören, O. (2024). In vitro, amoebicidal activities of submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum L. extract against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites. Aquatic Research, 7(4), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR24016

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