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Kappaphycus alvarezii ve Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora Türlerine Ait Yenilebilir Deniz Yosunlarının Yaklaşık Bileşimi ve Ağır Metal İçeriği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 43 - 50, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985

Öz

Kappaphycus ve Caulerpa cinsleri gibi yenilebilir deniz yosunları, Filipinler’in Tawi-Tawi bölgesindeki yerel halk tarafından yüzyıllardır popüler bir şekilde tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yenilebilir iki deniz yosunu olan ve Filipinler’de Bongao, Tawi-Tawi’deki halk pazarlarında kolaylıkla bulunabilen Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) (Rhodophyta) ve Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora (CMC) (Chlorophyta)’nin yaklaşık bileşimi ve ağır metal içeriği incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, deniz yosunlarının bileşimlerinde önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. KA’daki nem içeriği (16.96±0.02 g.100-1g), CMC'ye (10.49±0.08 g.100-1g) göre oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. CMC, KA’ya (2.73±0.40 g.100-1g) göre anlamlı derecede daha fazla ham protein (7.14±0.80 g.100-1g) içermektedir. KA’nın karbonhidrat içeriği (44,82±0,34 g.100-1g), CMC'den (38,09±0,71 g.100-1g) anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Kül içeriği CMC’de (44.00±0.66 g.100-1g), KA'ya (34.91±0.39 g.100-1g) göre belirgin şekilde daha yüksek olmuştur. Toplam yağ içeriği KA’da (0,60±0,30 g.100-1g), CMC’ye (0,28±0,01 g.100-1g) göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p≤0,05). Ağır metal içerikleri KA için K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cd ve CMC için Zn > Mn > Pb > K > Fe > Cu > Cd sırasını takip etti. Fe, K, Cu ve Cd, KA’da CMC’ye göre anlamlı derecede yüksekken, Zn, Mn ve Pb, CMC’de KA’ya göre oldukça yüksek olmuştur. Ancak tüm bu ağır metallerin güvenli sınırlar içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgular, deniz yosunu tüketiminde bu faktörlerin dikkate alınmasının öneminin altını çizmekte ve bunların insan beslenmesindeki kalıcı önemini doğrulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 43 - 50, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985

Öz

Edible seaweeds, such as Kappaphycus and Caulerpa genera, have been popularly consumed for centuries by the local people in the Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. This study examined the proximate composition and heavy metal contents of two edible seaweeds, namely Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) (Rhodophyta) and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora (CMC) (Chlorophyta), which are readily available in the public market of Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. The results revealed significant differences in their proximate compositions. The moisture content was remarkably higher in KA (16.96±0.02 g.100-1g) than that of CMC (10.49±0.08 g.100-1g). CMC contained significantly more crude protein (7.14±0.80 g.100-1g) than KA (2.73±0.40 g.100-1g). The carbohydrate content of KA (44.82±0.34 g.100-1g) was significantly higher than that of CMC (38.09±0.71 g.100-1g). The ash content was notably greater in CMC (44.00±0.66 g.100-1g) than in KA (34.91±0.39 g.100-1g). The total fat content was substantially higher (p≤0.05) in KA (0.60±0.30 g.100-1g) than in CMC (0.28±0.01 g.100-1g). The heavy metal contents (mg.kg-1) followed the order of K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cd for KA and Zn > Mn > Pb > K > Fe > Cu > Cd for CMC. Fe, K, Cu, and Cd were significantly higher in KA than in CMC, while Zn, Mn, and Pb were remarkably higher in CMC than in KA. However, all these heavy metals were found to be within safe limits of WHO, the US (EPA and FDA), and EMA. These findings underscore the importance of considering these factors in seaweed consumption, affirming their enduring significance in human diets.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Young, M., Paul, N., Birch, D., Swanepoel, L. (2022). Factors influencing the consumption of seaweed amongst young adults. Foods, 11(19), 3052.
  • [2] Winberg, P.C., Ghosh, D., Tapsell, L. (2009). Seaweed culture in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture-Nutritional benefits and systems for Australia. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Publication No. 09/005, Australia.
  • [3] Hosomi, R., Yoshida, M., Fukunaga, K. (2012). Seafood consumption and components for health. Global Journal of Health Science, 4(3), 72-86.
  • [4] Stuthmann, L.E., Brix da Costa, B., Springer, K., Kunzmann, A. (2023). Sea grapes (Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh, Chlorophyta) for human use: Structured review on recent research in cultivation, nutritional value, and post-harvest management. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1-27.
  • [5] Tiwari, B.K., Troy, D.J. (2015). Seaweed sustainability–food and nonfood applications. In Seaweed sustainability (pp. 1-6). Academic Press.
  • [6] Patel, A. K., Albarico, F.P.J.B., Perumal, P.K., Vadrale, A.P., Nian, C.T., Chau, H.T.B., Singhania, R.R. (2022). Algae as an emerging source of bioactive pigments. Bioresource Technology, 351, 126910.
  • [7] Amlani M.Q., Yetgin, S. (2022). Seaweeds: Bioactive components and properties, potential risk factors, uses, extraction and purification methods. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 11(1), 9-31.
  • [8] Tahiluddin, A.B., Irin, S.S.H., Jumadil, K.S., Muddihil, R.S., Terzi, E. (2022). Use of brown seaweed extracts as bio-fertilizers and their effects on the ice-ice disease occurrence, carrageenan yield, and growth rate of the red seaweed Kappaphycus striatus. Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2), 436-447.
  • [9] Tahiluddin, A.B., Terzi, E. (2021). Ice-ice disease in commercially cultivated seaweeds Kappaphycus spp. and Eucheuma spp.: A review on the causes, occurrence, and control measures. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10(3), 234-243.
  • [10] Dumilag, R.V. (2019). Edible seaweeds sold in the local public markets in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 148(4), 803-811.
  • [11] Mamat, H., Ling, Y.Y., Abdul Aziz, A.H., Wahab, N.A., Mohd Rosli, R.G., Sarjadi, M.S., Yunus, M.A.C. (2023). Utilization of seaweed composite flour (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in the development of steamed bun. Journal of Applied Phycology, 35, 1911–1919.
  • [12] Munandar, A., Surilayani, D., Haryati, S., Sumantri, M.H., Aditia, R.P., Pratama, G. (2019, November). Characterization flour of two seaweeds (Gracilaria spp. and Kappaphycus alvarezii) for reducing consumption of wheat flour in Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 383, No. 1, p. 012009). IOP Publishing.
  • [13] Aganduk, A.A., Matanjun, P., Tan, T.S., Khor, B.H. (2023). Proximate and physical analyses of crackers incorporated with red seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1-7.
  • [14] Peñaflorida, V.D., Golez, N.V. (1996). Use of seaweed meals from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria heteroclada as binders in diets for juvenile shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 143(3-4), 393-401.
  • [15] Tahiluddin, A.B., Terzi, E. (2021). An overview of fisheries and aquaculture in the Philippines. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4), 475-486.
  • [16] Tahiluddin, A., Daganio, J., Lodovice, R., Umpay, M.J. (2022). Abundance of heterotrophic marine bacteria, Vibrio, and marine fungi in green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa in Sibutu, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Sustainable Aquatic Research, 1(2), 56-62.
  • [17] Paul, N.A., Neveux, N., Magnusson, M., De Nys, R. (2014). Comparative production and nutritional value of “sea grapes”-the tropical green seaweeds Caulerpa lentillifera and C. racemosa. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26(4), 1833-1844.
  • [18] Nguyen, V.T., Ueng, J.P., Tsai, G.J. (2011). Proximate composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera). Journal of Food Science, 76(7), C950-C958.
  • [19] Tahiluddin, A.B., Imbuk, E.S., Sarri, J.H., Mohammad, H.S., Ensano, F.N.T., Maddan, M.M., Cabilin, B.S. (2023). Eucheumatoid seaweed farming in the Southern Philippines. Aquatic Botany, 103697.
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  • [31] Tahiluddin, A.B., Alawi, T.I., Hassan, N.S.A., Jaji, S.N.A., Terzi, E. (2021). Abundance of culturable marine heterotrophic bacteria in Ulva lactuca associated with farmed seaweeds Kappaphycus spp. and Eucheuma denticulatum. Journal of Agricultural Production, 2(2), 44-47.
  • [32] Tahiluddin, A.B., Nuñal, S.N., Luhan, M.R.J., Santander–de Leon, S.M.S. (2021). Vibrio and heterotrophic marine bacteria composition and abundance in nutrient-enriched Kappaphycus striatus. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(6B), 1751-1763.
  • [33] Bermil, A.B., Hamisain, J.B.D., Tahiluddin, A.B., Jumdain, R.T., Toring-Farquerbao, M.L.B. (2022). Abundance of marine-derived fungi in nutrient-enriched Kappaphycus species. Journal of Biometry Studies, 2(1), 1-6.
  • [34] Imlani, A., Taştan, Y., Tahiluddin, A.B, Bilen, S., Jumah, Y.U., Sönmez, A.Y. (2022). Preliminary determination of heavy metals in sediment, water, and some macroinvertebrates in Tawi-Tawi Bay, Philippines. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 11(1), 113-122.
  • [35] Kasimala, M.B., Mebrahtu, L., Magoha, P.P., Asgedom, G. (2015). A review on biochemical composition and nutritional aspects of seaweeds. Caribbean Journal of Sciences and Technology (CJST), 3(1), 789-797.
  • [36] Marinho-Soriano, E., Fonseca, P.C., Carneiro, M.A.A., Moreira, W.S.C. (2006). Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of two tropical seaweeds. Bioresource Technology, 97(18), 2402-2406.
  • [37] Adharini, R.I., Setyawan, A.R., Jayanti, A.D. (2020). Comparison of nutritional composition in red and green strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 147, p. 03029). EDP Sciences.
  • [38] Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q. (1995). Carrageenan properties and proximate composition of three morphotypes of Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) grown at two depths. Botanica Marina, 38, 215-219.
  • [39] Zuldin, W.H., Yassir, S., Shapawi, R. (2016). Growth and biochemical composition of Kappaphycus (Rhodophyta) in customized tank culture system. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28, 2453-2458.
  • [40] Xiren, G.K., Aminah, A. (2017). Proximate composition and total amino acid composition of Kappaphycus alvarezii found in the waters of Langkawi and Sabah, Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 24(3), 1255.
  • [41] Suresh Kumar, K., Ganesan, K., Subba Rao, P.V. (2015). Seasonal variation in nutritional composition of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty-an edible seaweed. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 2751-2760.
  • [42] Adharini, R. I., Suyono, E.A., Suadi, Jayanti, A.D., Setyawan, A.R. (2019). A comparison of nutritional values of Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatum, and Kappaphycus spinosum from the farming sites in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Phycology, 31, 725-730.
  • [43] Matanjun, P., Mohamed, S., Mustapha, N.M., Muhammad, K. (2009). Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. Journal of Applied Phycology, 21, 75-80.
  • [44] Ahmad, F., Sulaiman, M.R., Saimon, W., Yee, C.F., Matanjun, P. (2016). Proximate compositions and total phenolic contents of selected edible seaweed from Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. Borneo Science, 31, 85-96.
  • [45] Zhang, M., Ma, Y., Che, X., Huang, Z., Chen, P., Xia, G., Zhao, M. (2020). Comparative analysis of nutrient composition of Caulerpa lentillifera from different regions. Journal of Ocean University of China, 19, 439-445.
  • [46] Nagappan, T., Vairappan, C.S. (2014). Nutritional and bioactive properties of three edible species of green algae, genus Caulerpa (Caulerpaceae). Journal of Applied Phycology, 26, 1019-1027.
  • [47] Wahidatul, H. Z., Sitti, R., & Rossita, S. (2019). Growth, biomass yield, and proximate composition of sea vegetable, Caulerpa macrodisca (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) cultured in tank. Philippine Journal of Science, 148(1), 1-6.
  • [48] Zuldin, W.H., Shapawi, R., Shaleh, S.R.M. (2021). Biochemical composition of enigmatic green macroalgae, Caulerpa macrodisca Decaisne (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 1-8.
  • [49] Ganesan, A.R., Subramani, K., Shanmugam, M., Seedevi, P., Park, S., Alfarhan, A.H., Balasubramanian, B. (2020). A comparison of nutritional value of underexploited edible seaweeds with recommended dietary allowances. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(1), 1206-1211.
  • [50] Jamil Emon, F., Rohani, M.F., Sumaiya, N., Tuj Jannat, M.F., Akter, Y., Shahjahan, M., Abdul Kari, Z., Tahiluddin, A.B. Goh, K.W. (2023). Bioaccumulation and bioremediation of heavy metals in fishes-A review. Toxics 11, 510.
  • [51] Rogel-Castillo, C., Latorre-Castañeda, M., Muñoz-Muñoz, C., Agurto-Muñoz, C. (2023). Seaweeds in Food: Current Trends. Plants, 12(12), 2287.
  • [52] Kasmiati, K., Syahrul, S., Badraeni, B., Rahmi, M.H. (2022, December). Proximate and mineral compositions of the green seaweeds Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa from South Sulawesi Coast, Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1119, No. 1, p. 012049). IOP Publishing.
  • [53] Sanchiz, C., Garcia-Carrascosa, A.M., Pastor, A. (1999). Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in four marine phanerogams and the alga Caulerpa prolifera (Försskal) Lamouroux from the east coast of Spain. Botanica Marina, 42(2), 157-164.
  • [54] Tresnati, J., Yasir, I., Aprianto, R., & Tuwo, A. (2021, May). Metal bioaccumulation potential of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 763, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.
  • [55] Mithra, R., Sivaramakrishnan, S., Santhanam, P., Dinesh Kumar, S., Nandakumar, R. (2012). Investigation on nutrients and heavy metal removal efficacy of seaweeds, Caulerpa taxifolia and Kappaphycus alvarezii for wastewater remediation. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 3(1), 21-27.
  • [56] Yong, W.T.L., Chin, J.Y.Y., Thien, V.Y., Yasir, S. (2017). Heavy metal accumulation in field cultured and tissue cultured Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria changii. International Food Research Journal, 24(3), 970-975.
  • [57] Khaled, A., Hessein, A., Abdel-Halim, A.M., Morsy, F.M. (2014). Distribution of heavy metals in seaweeds collected along Marsa-Matrouh beaches, Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40(4), 363-371.
  • [58] Bryan, G. W. (1969). The absorption of zinc and other metals by the brown seaweed Laminaria digitata. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 49(1), 225-243.
  • [59] Conti, M.E., Cecchetti, G. (2003). A biomonitoring study: trace metals in algae and molluscs from Tyrrhenian coastal areas. Environmental Research, 93(1), 99-112.
  • [60] Seeliger, U., Edwards, P. (1977). Correlation coefficients and concentration factors of copper and lead in seawater and benthic algae. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 8(1), 16-19.
  • [61] Volterra, L., Conti, M.E. (2000). Algae as biomarkers, bioaccumulators and toxin producers. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 13(1-6), 92-125.
  • [62] Sánchez-Rodrıguez, I., Huerta-Diaz, M.A., Choumiline, E., Holguin-Quinones, O., Zertuche-González, J.A. (2001). Elemental concentrations in different species of seaweeds from Loreto Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico: implications for the geochemical control of metals in algal tissue. Environmental Pollution, 114(2), 145-160.
  • [63] Besada, V., Andrade, J.M., Schultze, F., González, J.J. (2009). Heavy metals in edible seaweeds commercialised for human consumption. Journal of Marine Systems, 75(1-2), 305-313.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kingpu O. Ajik Bu kişi benim 0009-0000-7597-6428

Albaris Tahıluddın 0000-0002-3237-3552

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ajik, K. O., & Tahıluddın, A. (2024). Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora. Akademik Gıda, 22(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985
AMA Ajik KO, Tahıluddın A. Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora. Akademik Gıda. Mart 2024;22(1):43-50. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985
Chicago Ajik, Kingpu O., ve Albaris Tahıluddın. “Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Caulerpa Cf. Macrodisca Ecad Corynephora”. Akademik Gıda 22, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985.
EndNote Ajik KO, Tahıluddın A (01 Mart 2024) Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora. Akademik Gıda 22 1 43–50.
IEEE K. O. Ajik ve A. Tahıluddın, “Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora”, Akademik Gıda, c. 22, sy. 1, ss. 43–50, 2024, doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985.
ISNAD Ajik, Kingpu O. - Tahıluddın, Albaris. “Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Caulerpa Cf. Macrodisca Ecad Corynephora”. Akademik Gıda 22/1 (Mart 2024), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985.
JAMA Ajik KO, Tahıluddın A. Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora. Akademik Gıda. 2024;22:43–50.
MLA Ajik, Kingpu O. ve Albaris Tahıluddın. “Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Caulerpa Cf. Macrodisca Ecad Corynephora”. Akademik Gıda, c. 22, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 43-50, doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.1460985.
Vancouver Ajik KO, Tahıluddın A. Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Edible Seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa cf. macrodisca ecad corynephora. Akademik Gıda. 2024;22(1):43-50.

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