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Ilıman Bir Türkiye Nehir Havzasında Dere Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli Analiz ve Biyolojik Yaklaşımlarla Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 34 - 55, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.751773

Öz

Bentik algler indikatör türler içerir. Özellikle lotik ekosistemlerin ekolojik yapısının belirlenmesinde çok iyi bir göstergedir. Günümüzde insan faaliyetleri sular üzerinde birçok baskı oluşturmuştur, bunlardan besin zenginleştirmesi ekolojik durumu değiştiren en önemli su kalitesi sorunudur. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Havzası içinde yer alan Elekçi Deresi’nin fiziko-kimyasal ve biyolojik (bentik diyatomeler) özelliklerinin ve su kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir yıl boyunca aylık olarak üç farklı lokalitede örnekleme yapılmıştır. Yirmi farklı su parametresinin analizi zamansal ve mekânsal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’ne göre akarsuyun su kalite sınıfı belirlenmiştir. Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler, su kalite indeksi (WQI), çeşitlilik indeksleri, klorofil-a, Palmer’ın pollusyon indeksi ve baskın cins skorları kullanılarak suyun trofik düzeyi ve su kalitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Yıllık ortalama değerlere göre, Elekçi Deresi amonyum azotu ve toplam fosfor parametreleri bakımından II. sınıf, serbest klor hariç (IV. sınıf) diğer su kalite parametreleri bakımından I. sınıftır. Elekçi Deresi’ndeki WQI değeri su kalite özelliğinin “mükemmel” olduğunu göstermiştir. Faktör analizinde, birinci faktöre göre nütrient elementleri su kalitesindeki değişikliklerden sorumludur. Diğer faktörlerdeki bileşenler jeolojik yapıdan ve klimatik faktörlerden oluşmaktadır.
Elekçi Deresi’nde toplam 93 bentik diyatome taksonu tanımlanmıştır. Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella ve Gomphonema en fazla kaydedilen taksonlardır. Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Gomphonema truncatum, Navicula lanceolata, N. tripunctata ve Nitzschia palea tüm istasyonlarda her mevsim bulunmuştur. Shannon ve Simpson çeşitlilik indeksi analiz sonuçlarına göre Elekçi Deresi “zayıf” düzeyde çeşitliliğe sahiptir, kirlilik düzeyi ise “orta”dır. Nemli subtropikal iklim bölgesinde bulunan Elekçi Deresi düzensiz rejimli bir akarsudur. Çevresel ve klimatik faktörler derenin diyatome komünitesini doğrudan etkilemiştir. Pollusyon indeksi sonucu çok hafif organik kirlilik tespit edilmiştir. Klorofil-a konsantrasyonuna göre derede ötrofikasyon riski yoktur. Dominant alg taksonlarının skor değerleri Elekçi Deresi’nin trofik seviyesinin “mezotrofik/mezo-ötrofik”, su kalitesinin “orta/orta-kirli” olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel sonuçlar, Elekçi Deresi’nin akış yönünde antropojenik faaliyetlerle ilişkilendirilebilen çeşitli kaynaklardan gelen kirleticilerle kontamine olduğunu ve diyatome çeşitliliğinin bu durumdan etkilendiğini göstermiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Ordu Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

TF-1202

Teşekkür

Bu araştırma Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından TF-1202 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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Assessment of Stream Water Quality in a Temperate Turkey River Basin by Multivariate Analysis and Biological Approaches

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 34 - 55, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.751773

Öz

Benthic algae include indicator species. Particularly, it is a very good indicator to determine the ecologic structure of lotic ecosystems. Nowadays, human activities have produced multiple pressures on waters, of them nutrient enrichment is the most important water quality problem that changed the ecological status. In this research, it is aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and biologic (benthic diatoms) properties and water quality of Elekçi Stream located in the Eastern Black Sea Basin. Throughout the year, samples from three different localities were collected monthly. Analysis of twenty water parameters were evaluated spatially and temporally. According to the Surface Water Quality Regulation, the water quality class of the stream has been determined. Trophic level and water quality of the stream were evaluated by using multivariate statistical analysis, water quality index (WQI), diversity indices, chlorophyll-a, Palmer’s index of pollution, and dominant genus scores. According to annual average values, Elekçi Stream is class II as to ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus parameters. Also, it has class I in terms of other water quality parameters, excluding free chlorine (class IV). WQI value in the Elekçi Stream showed that the water quality feature is “excellent”. In factor analysis, the first factor showed that nutrient elements are responsible for changes in water quality. Components in other factors consist of geological structure and climate factors.
Total 93 benthic diatom taxa have been defined in Elekçi Stream. Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella, and Gomphonema genera are the most recorded taxa. Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Gomphonema truncatum, Navicula lanceolata, N. tripunctata, and Nitzschia palea were recorded in all stations every season. According to the analysis results of Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, Elekçi Stream has a “poor” level of diversity, and the pollution level is “moderate”. Elekçi Stream, located in the humid subtropical climate zone, is an irregularly flowed stream. Environmental and climatic factors directly affected the diatom community of the stream. As a result of the pollution index, very light organic pollution was detected. The stream does not carry eutrophication risk in terms of chlorophyll-a concentration. The scores of the dominant algal taxa showed that the trophic level of Elekçi Stream is “mesotrophic/meso-eutrophic” and the water quality is “moderate/moderately polluted”. General results showed Elekçi Stream is contaminated with pollutants coming from various sources that can be associated with anthropogenic activities downstream, and diversity of diatoms are affected by this sitıation.

Proje Numarası

TF-1202

Kaynakça

  • Alley, E. R. (2007). Water quality control handbook. Volume 2, McGraw-Hill, New York.
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  • Solak, C. N., Ector, L., Wojtal, A. Z., Ács, É., & Morales, E. (2012). A review of investigations on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft, 141, 431–462.
  • Sonneman, J. A., Walsh, C. J., Breen, P. F., & Sharpe, A. K. (2001). Effects of urbanization on streams of the Melbourne region, Victoria, Australia. II. Benthic diatom communities. Freshwater Biology, 46, 553–565.
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  • Tan, X., Zhang, Q., Burford, M. A., Sheldon, F., & Bunn, S. E. (2017). Benthic diatom based indices for water quality assessment in two subtropical streams. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 601.
  • Taş, B., & Kolören, Z. (2017). Evaluation of water qualities of discharging area of some running waters into Black Sea in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Review of Hydrobiology, 10(1), 1–19.
  • Taş, B., & Kurt, I. (2014). Aşağı Melet Irmağı’nın (Ordu) diyatomeler dışındaki epipelik alglerinin çeşitliliği. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(11), 49–63.
  • Taş, B., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2015). Epilithic Algal Diversity of Cimil Stream (Rize, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 3(10), 826–833.
  • Taş, B., Can, Ö., & Kolören, Z. (2011). Investigation on photosynthetic pigments content of lotic systems (Blacksea River Basin, Ordu-Turkey). EEST Part A: Energy Science and Research, 28(1), 417–426.
  • Taş, B., Çetin, M. 2016. Diversity and ecology of algae from the Ilıca Stream, Eastren Black Sea Basin, Turkey. Second Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity (SEAB-2016), 23-27.05.2016, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Taş, B., Özoktay, S., & Kolören, Z. (2017). Environmental study of epiphytic algae on emergent macrophytes in the lower part of Akçaova Stream (Ordu, Turkey). International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity (SEAB2017), July 05 - 08, 2017, Minsk, Belarus.
  • Taş, B., Tepe, Y., Ustaoğlu, F., & Alptekin, S. (2019). Benthic algal diversity and water quality evaluation by biological approach of Turnasuyu Creek, NE Turkey. Desalination and Water Treatment, 155, 402–415.
  • Taş, B., Yılmaz, Ö., & Kurt, I. (2015). Aşağı Melet Irmağı (Ordu, Türkiye)’nda su kalitesinin göstergesi olan epipelik diyatomeler. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 3(7), 610–616.
  • Temizel, B., Soylu, E. N., & Maraşlıoğlu, F. (2017). Water quality assessment of the Pazarsuyu Stream based on epilithic diatom communities. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 190(3), 189–197.
  • Tepe, Y., & Aydın, H. (2017). Water quality assessment of an urban water, Batlama Creek (Giresun), Turkey by applying multivariate statistical techniques. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(11), 6413–6420.
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  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y., & Taş, B. (2020a). Assessment of stream quality and health risk in a subtropical Turkey river system: A combined approach using statistical analysis and water quality index. Ecological Indicators, 113, 105815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105815
  • Ustaoğlu, F., Tepe, Y., & Aydın, H. (2020b). Heavy metals in sediments of two nearby streams from Southeastern Black Sea coast: Contamination and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Forensics, 21(2), 145–156.
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  • Vasiljević, B., Krizmanić, J., Ilić, M., Marković, V., Tomović, J., Zorić, K., & Paunović, M. (2014). Water quality assessment based on diatom indices–small hilly streams case study. Water Research and Management, 4(2), 31–35.
  • Vasiljević, B., Simić, S. B., Paunović, M., Zuliani, T., Krizmanić, J., Marković, V., & Tomović, J. (2017). Contribution to the improvement of diatom-based assessments of the ecological status of large rivers—the Sava River case study. Science of the Total Environment, 605, 874–883.
  • Virtanen, L. K., & Soininen, J. (2016). Temporal variation in community–environment relationships and stream classifications in benthic diatoms: Implications for bioassessment. Limnologica, 58, 11–19.
  • Wang, Y., Wang, P., Bai, Y., Tian, Z., Li, J., Shao, X., Mustavich, L.F., & Li, B. L. (2013). Assessment of surface water quality via multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Songhua River Harbin region, China. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 7(1), 30–40.
  • Watanabe, T., Asai, K., & Houki, A. (1988). Numerical water quality monitoring of organic pollution using diatom assemblages. Proc Ninth Int Diatom Symp 1986, FE Round Ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany, 123–141.
  • Wetzel, R. G. 1983. Limnology. 2nd edition, Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA.
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  • Wilhm, J. L., & Dorris, T. C. (1968). Biological parameters for water quality criteria. BioScience, 18(6), 477-481.
  • Yadav, A. K., Khan, P., & Sharma, S. K. (2010). Water Quality Index Assessment of Groundwater in Todaraisingh Tehsil of Rajasthan State, India-A Greener Approach. Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 428–432.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., & Taş, B. (2013). Elekçi Deresi (Fatsa, Ordu)’nin epilitik diyatomeleri. III. Sulak Alanlar Kongresi, 23-25 Ekim, Samsun.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., & Taş, B. (2016). Epilithic soft algae (Except Diatoms) of Elekci Stream (Ordu, Turkey). FABA 2016, 3-5 November, Antalya, Turkey.
  • YSKY (2012). Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete No. 28483, tarih 30.11.2012, Ankara.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji , Çevre Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Beyhan Taş 0000-0001-6421-2561

Özlem Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5329-559X

Fikret Ustaoğlu 0000-0002-8195-8557

Proje Numarası TF-1202
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, B., Yılmaz, Ö., & Ustaoğlu, F. (2021). Ilıman Bir Türkiye Nehir Havzasında Dere Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli Analiz ve Biyolojik Yaklaşımlarla Değerlendirilmesi. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(1), 34-55. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.751773