Öz
This study aims to determine the cause of mortalities in smooth-hound sharks (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758) under stressful conditions from a marine aquarium in Turkey. Moribund smooth-hound sharks externally had haemorrhages on various body parts, especially the pectoral fins and certain areas of their skin. A pale liver and spleen pseudo-tubercles were the main pathological findings internally. For bacteriological examination, samples were taken from visceral organs and blood and streaked onto marine agar (MA) plates which were incubated at 22°C for 72 hours. Gram-negative motile rods that displayed a bipolar staining were isolated from several tissues, including the spleen, kidney and liver. According to their morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these isolates were identified as Photobacterium sanguinicancri. Therefore, it was concluded that photobacteriosis was responsible for this disease outbreak in aquarium-kept smooth-hound sharks. According to the literature survey this is the first report on describing photobacteriosis caused by Photobacterium sanguinicancri in this shark species.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Smooth-hound Shark Photobacteriosis Photobacterium sanguinicancri Aquarium
Kaynakça
- Çağırgan, H., (1993). The first isolation Pasteurella piscicida from cultured Sea bream. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 3(2), 82-83.
- Candan, A.A., Küçüker, M., & Karataş, S. (1996). Pasteurellosis in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 16(6), 195-196.
- Compango, L.J.V., (1984). Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO species catalogue, 4. FAO Fish. Synop. pp125.
- Gomez-Gill, B., Roque, A., Rotllant, G., Romalde, J.L., Doce, A., Eggermont, M., & Defoirdt, T., (2016). Photobacterium sanguinicancri sp. nov. isolated from marine animals. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 109(6), 817-825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-016-0681-x
- Grimes, D.J., Stemmler, J., Hadaq H., May, E.B., Maneval, D., Hetrick, F.M., ...... Colwell, R.R., (1984). Vibrio species associated with mortality of sharks held in captivity. Microbial Ecology, 10, 271–282.
- Hall, D.H., (1999). An Illustrated Dissection Guide To The Shark, Published by RANACO Tucson, Arizona.
- Holt, J., Krıeg, N.R., Sneath, R.A.H., Staley, J.I., & Williams, S.T. (1984). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth edition Williams and Wilkins, ISBN 0 683 006037.
- Janssen, W.A., & Surgalla, M.J., (1968). Morphology, physiology, and serology of a Pasteurella species pathogenic for white perch (Roccus amencanus). Journal of Bacteriology, 96(5), 1606-1610.
- Karaytuğ, S., Sak, S., & Alper, A. (2004). Parasitic copepod Lernaeopoda galei Kroyer, 1837 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida): A First Record from Turkish Seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 28, 123-128.
- Korun, J., & Timur, G., (2005). The first pasteurellosis case in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) at low marine water temperature in Turkey. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 57(3), 198-207
- Magarinos, B., Toranzo, A.E., & Romalde, J.L., (1996). Phenotypic and pathobiological characteristics of Pasteurella piscicida. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 6, 41-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8030(96)90005-8
- Noga, E.J., (2000). Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 2000,99-058466 .
- Öktener, A. , & Trilles, J.P., (2009). Four Parasitic Copepods on Marine Fish (Teleostei and Chondrichthyes) from Turkey. Acta Adriatica, 50(2), 121 – 128.
- Savaş, H., & Türe, M. (2007). Bölgemizde doğal ve kültürü yapılan balıklarda görülen hastalıklar. SUMAE Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 7, 10-13.
- Schlaff, A.M., Heupel, M.R., & Simpfendorfer, C.A. (2014). Influence of environmental factors on shark and ray movement, behaviour and habitat use: a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 24, 1089–1103. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9364-8
- Serena, F., Mancusi, C., Clo, S., Ellis, J., & Valenti, S.V., (2009). Mustelus mustelus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T39358A102146942009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39358A10214694.en
- Snieszko, S.F., Bullock, G.L., Hollis, E., & Boone, J.G., (1964). Pasteurella sp. from an epizootic of white perch (Roccus americanus) in Chesapeake Bay tidewater areas. Journal of Bacteriology, 88(6), 1814-1815.
- Suau, A., Bonnet, R., Sutren, M., Godon, J.J., Gibson, G.R., Collins, M.D., & Dore, J. (1999). Direct analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 65(11), 4799-807.
- Tanrıkul, T.T., & Çağırgan, H., (2001). A natural outbreak of pasteurellosis in Mugil spp., Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aqautic Sciences, 18, 5009- 5022.
- Timur, G., Timur, M., Karataş, S., & Akaylı, T., (1999). Ichthyophonus hoferi ile enfekte olmuş kültür levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) görülen pasteurellosis hastalığı üzerinde bir çalışma. Turkish Journal of Aquatic Sciences, Special Issue, 246, 37-61.
- Yardımcı, R.E., Turgay, E., Steınum, T.M., & Karataş, S. (2017). An Outbreak of Photobacteriosis in Public Aquarium Held Smooth-hound Sharks (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758). Aquaculture Europe 2017, Hirvatistan-Dubrovnik. pp. 566.
Öz
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki bir deniz akvaryumunda stresli koşullar altında bulunan tazı köpekbalıklarında (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758) meydana ölümlerin nedenlerinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Eksternal olarak ölmek üzere olan tazı köpekbalıklarının çeşitli vücut kısımlarında, özellikle göğüs yüzgeçlerinde ve deride belirli bölgelerinde kanamaları vardı. İnternal olarak soluk karaciğer ve dalakta psödotüberküller ana patolojik bulgulardı. Bakteriyolojik inceleme için iç organlardan ve kandan örnekler marine agar (MA) içeren petrilere ekimler yapılmış ve 22°C'de 72 saat inkübe edilmiştir. Bipolar boyama özelliği gösteren gram negatif hareketli basiller dalak, böbrek ve karaciğer dahil olmak üzere çeşitli dokulardan izole edilmiştir. Morfolojik ve biyokimyasal özelliklerine ve 16S rRNA gen dizilimine göre, bu izolatlar Photobacterium sanguinicancri olarak tanımlandı. Bu nedenle, akvaryumda tutulan tazı köpekbalıklarında bu hastalık salgınına photobacteriosis’in neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Literatür araştırmasına göre, bu köpekbalığı türünde Photobacterium sanguinicancri'nin neden olduğu photobacteriosis'i tanımlayan ilk rapor budur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Photobacresiosis Photobacterium sanguinicancri Akvaryum Tazı köpekbalığı
Kaynakça
- Çağırgan, H., (1993). The first isolation Pasteurella piscicida from cultured Sea bream. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 3(2), 82-83.
- Candan, A.A., Küçüker, M., & Karataş, S. (1996). Pasteurellosis in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 16(6), 195-196.
- Compango, L.J.V., (1984). Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO species catalogue, 4. FAO Fish. Synop. pp125.
- Gomez-Gill, B., Roque, A., Rotllant, G., Romalde, J.L., Doce, A., Eggermont, M., & Defoirdt, T., (2016). Photobacterium sanguinicancri sp. nov. isolated from marine animals. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 109(6), 817-825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-016-0681-x
- Grimes, D.J., Stemmler, J., Hadaq H., May, E.B., Maneval, D., Hetrick, F.M., ...... Colwell, R.R., (1984). Vibrio species associated with mortality of sharks held in captivity. Microbial Ecology, 10, 271–282.
- Hall, D.H., (1999). An Illustrated Dissection Guide To The Shark, Published by RANACO Tucson, Arizona.
- Holt, J., Krıeg, N.R., Sneath, R.A.H., Staley, J.I., & Williams, S.T. (1984). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Ninth edition Williams and Wilkins, ISBN 0 683 006037.
- Janssen, W.A., & Surgalla, M.J., (1968). Morphology, physiology, and serology of a Pasteurella species pathogenic for white perch (Roccus amencanus). Journal of Bacteriology, 96(5), 1606-1610.
- Karaytuğ, S., Sak, S., & Alper, A. (2004). Parasitic copepod Lernaeopoda galei Kroyer, 1837 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida): A First Record from Turkish Seas. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 28, 123-128.
- Korun, J., & Timur, G., (2005). The first pasteurellosis case in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) at low marine water temperature in Turkey. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 57(3), 198-207
- Magarinos, B., Toranzo, A.E., & Romalde, J.L., (1996). Phenotypic and pathobiological characteristics of Pasteurella piscicida. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 6, 41-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8030(96)90005-8
- Noga, E.J., (2000). Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 2000,99-058466 .
- Öktener, A. , & Trilles, J.P., (2009). Four Parasitic Copepods on Marine Fish (Teleostei and Chondrichthyes) from Turkey. Acta Adriatica, 50(2), 121 – 128.
- Savaş, H., & Türe, M. (2007). Bölgemizde doğal ve kültürü yapılan balıklarda görülen hastalıklar. SUMAE Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, 7, 10-13.
- Schlaff, A.M., Heupel, M.R., & Simpfendorfer, C.A. (2014). Influence of environmental factors on shark and ray movement, behaviour and habitat use: a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 24, 1089–1103. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-014-9364-8
- Serena, F., Mancusi, C., Clo, S., Ellis, J., & Valenti, S.V., (2009). Mustelus mustelus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T39358A102146942009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T39358A10214694.en
- Snieszko, S.F., Bullock, G.L., Hollis, E., & Boone, J.G., (1964). Pasteurella sp. from an epizootic of white perch (Roccus americanus) in Chesapeake Bay tidewater areas. Journal of Bacteriology, 88(6), 1814-1815.
- Suau, A., Bonnet, R., Sutren, M., Godon, J.J., Gibson, G.R., Collins, M.D., & Dore, J. (1999). Direct analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 65(11), 4799-807.
- Tanrıkul, T.T., & Çağırgan, H., (2001). A natural outbreak of pasteurellosis in Mugil spp., Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aqautic Sciences, 18, 5009- 5022.
- Timur, G., Timur, M., Karataş, S., & Akaylı, T., (1999). Ichthyophonus hoferi ile enfekte olmuş kültür levreklerinde (Dicentrarchus labrax) görülen pasteurellosis hastalığı üzerinde bir çalışma. Turkish Journal of Aquatic Sciences, Special Issue, 246, 37-61.
- Yardımcı, R.E., Turgay, E., Steınum, T.M., & Karataş, S. (2017). An Outbreak of Photobacteriosis in Public Aquarium Held Smooth-hound Sharks (Mustelus mustelus, Linnaeus 1758). Aquaculture Europe 2017, Hirvatistan-Dubrovnik. pp. 566.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 |
