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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 277 - 281, 25.12.2018

Yusuf Sıcak Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz

Abstract

Anatolian sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), also known as “daily tree”, is among the plants that grow in the vicinity of Muğla province of Turkey. The essential oil obtained from this plant, which is prominent in its economic value, are used to treat upper respiratory tract diseases, as well as antiseptic and antiparasitic. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of the essential oil from the leaves of Anatolian sweetgum tree against some microorganisms. For this purpose, the essential oil of this species leaves was obtained by the water vapor distillation method. The chemical composition of the essential oil of the plant was analysed by GC-MS. It was determined that the main components of L. orientalis essential oil were to be terpinen-4-ol (39.53%), α-terpineol (16.21%), sabinene (11.12%), α-pinene (8.05%), veridiflorol (6.37%) and p-cymene (2.11%). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of L. orientalis was investigated by using spectrophotometric broth microdilution method. Accordingly, the highest MIC99.9 value of L. orientalis essential oil was against Pseudomonas aureginosa (16.4 μg/mL), while the lowest activity was Candida parapsilosis (28.7 μg/mL). Furthermore, MIC99.9 values for the other microorganisms were determined as 27.8 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis, 26.1 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 27.2 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 19.0 μg/mL for C. albicans. As a result, L. orientalis essential oil has been shown to be a potential antimicrobial agent in terms of chemical content.

Keywords

Chemical composition Antimicrobial activity Liquidambar orientalis Anatolian sweetgum

References

  • Al-Snafi AE. 2017. The pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq. IOSR J Pharm, 7: 72–91.
  • Anonymous 2018. The Plant List is a working list of all known plant species. Available at http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Liquidambar [Accessed date: 18 November 2018].
  • Arslan MB, Şahin HT. 2016. Unutulan bir orman ürünü kaynağı: Anadolu sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.). J Bartın Faculty of Foresty, 18: 103–117.
  • Aureli P, Costantini A, Olea S. 1992. Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils against Listeria monogytogenes. J Food Protect, 55: 344–348.
  • Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods. Int J Food Microbiol, 94: 223–253.
  • Carson CF, Mee BJ, Riley TV. 2002. Mechanism of action of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil on Staphylococcus aureus determined by Time-Kill, Lysis, Leakage and Salt Tolerance Assays and Electron microscopy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46: 1914–1920.
  • Duru ME, Cakır A, Harmandar M. 2002. Composition of the volatile oils isolated from the leaves of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis and L. orientalis var. integriloba from Turkey. Flav Fragr J, 17: 95–98.
  • Efe A. 1987. Liquidambar orientalis Mill. (Sığla ağacı)'in morfolojik ve palinolojik özellikleri üzerine araştırmalar. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A. Cilt 37/2: 84–114.
  • El-Readi, MZ, Eid HH, Ashour ML, Eid SY, Labib RM, Sporer F, Winka M. 2013. Variations of the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and stems of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae). J Pharm Pharmacol, 66: 1653–1663.
  • Erdoğan-Eliuz EA, Ayas D, Goksen G. 2017. In vitro phototoxicity and antimicrobial activity of volatile oil obtained from aromatic plants. J Essent Oil Bear Pl, 20: 758–768.
  • Fernandez X, Lizzani-Cuvelier L, Loiseau, AM, Perichet C, Delbecque C, Arnaudo JF. 2005. Chemical composition of the essential oils from Turkish and Honduras Styrax. Flavour Fragr J, 20: 70–73.
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç T. 2012 Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Hemaiswarya S, Kruthiventi AK, Doble M. 2008. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine, 15: 639–652.
  • İstek A, Hafızoğlu H. 1998. Sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) odununun anatomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1/1: 18–26.
  • Lee YS, Kim J, Lee SG, Oh E, Shin SC, Park IK. 2009. Effects of plant essential oils and components from Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) on growth and morphogenesis of three phytopathogenic fungi. Pesticide Biocehm Physiology, 93: 138–143.
  • Marchese A, Arciola CR, Barbieri R, Silva AS, Nabavi SF, Sokeng AJT, Izadi M, Jafari NJ, Suntar I, Daglia M, Nabavi M. 2017. Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene. Materials (Basel), 10/8: 947.
  • McFarland J. 1987. Standardizasyon Bacteria Culture for the Disc Diffusion Assay. J Am Med Assoc, 49: 1176–1178.
  • Oskay M, Sarı D. 2007. Antimicrobial Screening of Some Turkish Medicinal Plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45/3: 176–181.
  • Özcan M, Sağdıç O, Özkan G. 2004. Inhibitory effects of pollenand propolis extracts at different concentrations against several bacteria. Archiv Für Lebensmittelhygiene, 55: 25–48.
  • Park SN, Lima YK, Freire MO, Choa E, Jinc D, Kook K. 2012. Antimicrobial effect of linalool and α-terpineol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. Anaerobe, 18: 369–372.
  • Patton T, Barett J, Brennan J, Moran N. 2006. Use of a Spectrophotometric Bioassay for Determination of Microbial Sensitivity to Manuka Honey. J Microbiol Methods, 6484–6895.
  • Sağdıç O, Özkan G, Özcan M, Özçelik S. 2005. A Study on Inhibitory Effects of Sığla Tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis) Storax Against Several Bacteria. Phytother Res, 19: 549–551.
  • Saraç N, Şen B. 2014. Antioxidant, mutagenic, antimutagenic activities, and phenolic compounds of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis. Ind Crops Prod, 53: 60–64.
  • Sela F, Karapandzova M, Stefkov G, Cvetkovikj I, Kulevanova S. 2015. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. (Cupressaceae) grown in Macedonia. Pharmacognosy Res, 7: 74–80.
  • Topal U, Sassaki M, Goto M, Otles S. 2008. Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 59/7–8: 619–634.

Anadolu Sığlası (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Yaprağı Yağının Kimyasal Bileşeni ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 277 - 281, 25.12.2018

Yusuf Sıcak Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz

Abstract

Anadolu sığlası (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), “günlük ağacı” olarak da bilinen ve ülkemizin Muğla ili civarında yetiĢen bitkiler arasında yer almaktadır. Ekonomik değeriyle öne çıkan bu bitkiden elde edilen uçucu yağlar, antiseptik ve parazit öldürücü olmasının yanında, üst solunum yolu hastalıklarının tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalıĢmada, sığla ağacı yapraklarından elde edilen uçucu yağın bazı mikroorganizmalara karĢı antimikrobiyal etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. Bu amaçla, L. orientalis yaprağından su buhar distilasyonu yöntemiyle uçucu yağı elde edildi. Daha sonra, L. orientalis’ten elde edilen esansiyel yağın kimyasal bileĢimi GC-MS kullanarak analiz edildi. L. orientalis uçucu yağının ana bileĢenlerinin terpinen-4-ol (%39.53), α-terpineol (%16.21), sabinen (% 11.12), α-pinen (%8.05), veridiflorol (%6.37) ve p-semen (%2.11) incelendi. L. orientalis uçucu yağının antimikrobiyal aktivitesi spektrofotometrik broth mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak araĢtırıldı. Buna göre, L. orientalis uçucu yağının en yüksek MĠK99.9 değeri Pseudomonas aureginosa’ya (16.4 μg/mL) karĢı iken, en düĢük aktivite Candida parapsilosis’e (28.7 μg/mL) olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca, yağın diğer mikroorganizmalar için MĠK99.9 değerleri Bacillus subtilis için 27.8 μg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus için 26.1 μg/mL, Escherichia coli için 27.2 μg/mL ve C. albicans için ise 19.0 μg/mL olarak belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, L. orientalis uçucu yağının kimyasal içerik bakımından potansiyel bir antimikrobiyal ajan olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir.

Keywords

Liquidambar orientalis Kimyasal bileĢen Antimikrobiyal aktivite Anadolu sığlası

References

  • Al-Snafi AE. 2017. The pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq. IOSR J Pharm, 7: 72–91.
  • Anonymous 2018. The Plant List is a working list of all known plant species. Available at http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Liquidambar [Accessed date: 18 November 2018].
  • Arslan MB, Şahin HT. 2016. Unutulan bir orman ürünü kaynağı: Anadolu sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.). J Bartın Faculty of Foresty, 18: 103–117.
  • Aureli P, Costantini A, Olea S. 1992. Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils against Listeria monogytogenes. J Food Protect, 55: 344–348.
  • Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods. Int J Food Microbiol, 94: 223–253.
  • Carson CF, Mee BJ, Riley TV. 2002. Mechanism of action of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil on Staphylococcus aureus determined by Time-Kill, Lysis, Leakage and Salt Tolerance Assays and Electron microscopy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46: 1914–1920.
  • Duru ME, Cakır A, Harmandar M. 2002. Composition of the volatile oils isolated from the leaves of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis and L. orientalis var. integriloba from Turkey. Flav Fragr J, 17: 95–98.
  • Efe A. 1987. Liquidambar orientalis Mill. (Sığla ağacı)'in morfolojik ve palinolojik özellikleri üzerine araştırmalar. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A. Cilt 37/2: 84–114.
  • El-Readi, MZ, Eid HH, Ashour ML, Eid SY, Labib RM, Sporer F, Winka M. 2013. Variations of the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and stems of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae). J Pharm Pharmacol, 66: 1653–1663.
  • Erdoğan-Eliuz EA, Ayas D, Goksen G. 2017. In vitro phototoxicity and antimicrobial activity of volatile oil obtained from aromatic plants. J Essent Oil Bear Pl, 20: 758–768.
  • Fernandez X, Lizzani-Cuvelier L, Loiseau, AM, Perichet C, Delbecque C, Arnaudo JF. 2005. Chemical composition of the essential oils from Turkish and Honduras Styrax. Flavour Fragr J, 20: 70–73.
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç T. 2012 Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Hemaiswarya S, Kruthiventi AK, Doble M. 2008. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine, 15: 639–652.
  • İstek A, Hafızoğlu H. 1998. Sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) odununun anatomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1/1: 18–26.
  • Lee YS, Kim J, Lee SG, Oh E, Shin SC, Park IK. 2009. Effects of plant essential oils and components from Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) on growth and morphogenesis of three phytopathogenic fungi. Pesticide Biocehm Physiology, 93: 138–143.
  • Marchese A, Arciola CR, Barbieri R, Silva AS, Nabavi SF, Sokeng AJT, Izadi M, Jafari NJ, Suntar I, Daglia M, Nabavi M. 2017. Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene. Materials (Basel), 10/8: 947.
  • McFarland J. 1987. Standardizasyon Bacteria Culture for the Disc Diffusion Assay. J Am Med Assoc, 49: 1176–1178.
  • Oskay M, Sarı D. 2007. Antimicrobial Screening of Some Turkish Medicinal Plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 45/3: 176–181.
  • Özcan M, Sağdıç O, Özkan G. 2004. Inhibitory effects of pollenand propolis extracts at different concentrations against several bacteria. Archiv Für Lebensmittelhygiene, 55: 25–48.
  • Park SN, Lima YK, Freire MO, Choa E, Jinc D, Kook K. 2012. Antimicrobial effect of linalool and α-terpineol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. Anaerobe, 18: 369–372.
  • Patton T, Barett J, Brennan J, Moran N. 2006. Use of a Spectrophotometric Bioassay for Determination of Microbial Sensitivity to Manuka Honey. J Microbiol Methods, 6484–6895.
  • Sağdıç O, Özkan G, Özcan M, Özçelik S. 2005. A Study on Inhibitory Effects of Sığla Tree (Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis) Storax Against Several Bacteria. Phytother Res, 19: 549–551.
  • Saraç N, Şen B. 2014. Antioxidant, mutagenic, antimutagenic activities, and phenolic compounds of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis. Ind Crops Prod, 53: 60–64.
  • Sela F, Karapandzova M, Stefkov G, Cvetkovikj I, Kulevanova S. 2015. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. (Cupressaceae) grown in Macedonia. Pharmacognosy Res, 7: 74–80.
  • Topal U, Sassaki M, Goto M, Otles S. 2008. Chemical compositions and antioxidant properties of essential oils from nine species of Turkish plants obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and steam distillation. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 59/7–8: 619–634.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section 2018-Articles
Authors

Yusuf Sıcak 0000-0003-2339-5837

Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz 0000-0003-4317-3000

Publication Date December 25, 2018
Acceptance Date December 7, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sıcak, Y., & Erdoğan Eliuz, E. A. (2018). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 3(2), 277-281.
AMA Sıcak Y, Erdoğan Eliuz EA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil. TJLS. December 2018;3(2):277-281.
Chicago Sıcak, Yusuf, and Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz. “Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar Orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 2018): 277-81.
EndNote Sıcak Y, Erdoğan Eliuz EA (December 1, 2018) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 3 2 277–281.
IEEE Y. Sıcak and E. A. Erdoğan Eliuz, “Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil”, TJLS, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 277–281, 2018.
ISNAD Sıcak, Yusuf - Erdoğan Eliuz, Elif Ayşe. “Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar Orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 3/2 (December 2018), 277-281.
JAMA Sıcak Y, Erdoğan Eliuz EA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil. TJLS. 2018;3:277–281.
MLA Sıcak, Yusuf and Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz. “Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar Orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, 2018, pp. 277-81.
Vancouver Sıcak Y, Erdoğan Eliuz EA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Leaf Oil. TJLS. 2018;3(2):277-81.
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