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Investigating the Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Otolith Characters of Mediterranean Horse Mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868) Inhabiting Edremit Bay, North Aegean Sea

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 69 - 78, 15.06.2018

Abstract

The fluctuating asymmetry values of four
different otolith characters such as otolith size, width, area and perimeter of
Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus
mediterraneus
living in Edremit Bay, North Aegean Sea was investigated to
determine whether these species are under environmental stress in their
habitat. In this study, 180 fish samples captured by local fishermen and 360
sagittal otoliths collected from these samples were used. When left and right otolit characters such as length, width,
area and perimeter are examined, a
statistical difference (P<0.05)
was found only in the otolith area between the left and right otolith pairs,
and this difference was reflected in the asymmetry of the otolith area. The
fish samples were divided into eight total size groups and the asymmetry of
each size group was evaluated separately and without total length groups.
Otolith area showed the highest asymmetry with 2.8425 value while otolith
perimeter had the lowest asymmetry with 1.5931 value. It was not found that the
fluctuating asymmetry of otolith characters studied in the current study was not correlated with sex of the fish (P>0.05).
When the fluctuating asymmetry of otolith characters in T. mediterraneus evaluates, the result is that the number of
asymmetric individuals is so high that they may be under stress in the living
environment

References

  • 1. Alados, C.L., Escos, J.M. Emlen, J.M. (1993). Developmental stability as an indicator of environmental stress in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Fishery Bulletin, 91: 587-593.
  • 2. Al-Mamry, J.M., Jawad, L.A., Ambuali, A. (2011). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith length and width of adult Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) collected from Muscat waters at the Sea of Oman. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17: 254-259.
  • 3. Aurebach, B.M., Raxter, M.H. (2008). Patterns of clavicular bilateral asymmetry in relation to humerus: variation among humans. Journal of Human Evolution, 54: 663-674.
  • 4. Boran, M., Altinok, I. (2010). A Review of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Living Organisms in the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10: 565-572.
  • 5. Bostancı, D., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2016). Otolith asymmetry of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) in the Middle Black Sea. 1st International Black Sea Congress on Environmental Sciences (IBCESS), August 31- September 03, Giresun, Turkey.
  • 6. Bostancı, D., Kontaş, S., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Barbus tauricus and Capoeta banarescui Inhabiting Melet River, Ordu, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 7. Breuker, C.J., Brakefield, P. M., Gibbs, M. (2007). The association between wing morphology and dispersal is sex specific in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). European Journal of Entomology, 104: 445-452.
  • 8. Carpentero, E.R., Tabugo, S.R.M. (2014). Determining developmental instability via fluctuating asymmetry in the shell shape of Arctica islandica Linn. 1767 (ocean quahog). European Journal of Zoological Research, 3(3): 1-7.
  • 9. Clarke, G.M. (1993). The genetic basis of developmental stability. I. Relationships between stability, heterozygosity and genomic co-adaptation. Genetica, 89: 15-23.
  • 10. El-Regal, M.A., Jawad, L.A., Mehanna, S., Ahmad, Y. (2016). Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Otolith of two Parrotfish Species, Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) and Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål, 1775) from Hurghada, Red Sea coast of Egypt. International Journal of Marine Science, 6(37): 1-5.
  • 11. Fey, D.P., Hare, J.A. (2008). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevootita tyrannus (Latrobe) – a condition indicator? Journal of Fish Biology, 72: 121-130.
  • 12. Fischer, W., Schneider, M., Bauchot, M.L. (1987). Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche, Mediterranée et Mer Noire, Zone de pêche 37(2). FAO, CEE, Rome, 1529 pp.
  • 13. Gangestad, S.W., Thornhill, R. (1999). Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: a model and its implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 12: 402-416.
  • 14. Graham, J.H., Freeman, D.C., Emlen, J.M. (1993). Antisymmetry, directional asymmetry, and dynamic morphogenesis. Genetica, 89(1-3): 121-137.
  • 15. Helling, K., Hausmann, S., Clarke, A., Scherer, H. (2003). Experimentally induced motion sickness in fish: possible role of the otolith organs. Acta Otorrinolaringologica, 123: 488-492.
  • 16. Hermita, J.M., Gorospe, J.G., Torres, M.A.J., Lumasag, J.L., Demayo, C.G. (2013). Fluctuating asymmetry in the body shape of the mottled spinefoot fish, Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782) collected from different bays in Mindanao Island, Philippines. Science International (Lahore), 25(4): 857-861.
  • 17. Holló, G. (2015). A new paradigm for animal symmetry. Interface Focus, 5(6):1-10.
  • 18. Holló, G., Novák, M. (2012). The manoeuvrability hypothesis to explain the maintenance of bilateral symmetry in animal evolution. Biology Direct, 7: 1-7.
  • 19. Jawad, L.A. (2001). Preliminary asymmetry analysis of some morphological characters of Tilapia zilli (Pisces: Cichlidae) collected from three localities in Libya. Bollettino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, 18: 251-257.
  • 20. Jawad, L.A. (2003). Asymmetry in some morphological characters of four sparid fishes from Benghazi, Libya. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 32: 83-88.
  • 21. Jawad, L.A., Al-Mamry, J.M., Al-Mamari, D. (2012). Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Otolith Width of Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Carangidae) Collected from Muscat City Coast on the Sea of Oman. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 70(3): 125-133.
  • 22. Kontaş, S., Bostanci, D., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Danube bleak, Alburnus chalcoides in Curi River, Ordu, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 23. Leary, R.F., Allendorf, F.W. (1989). Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: implications for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 4: 214-217.
  • 24. Lens, L., Van Dongen, S., Matthysen, E. (2002a). Fluctuating Asymmetry as an Early Warning System in the Critically Endangered Taita Thrush. Conservation Biology, 16(2) 479-487.
  • 25. Lens L., Van Dongen, S., Kark, S., Matthysen, E. (2002b). Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? Biological Reviews, 77: 27-38.
  • 26. Ludwig, W. (1932). Das Rechts-Links-Problem im Tierreich und beim Menschen: Mit einem Anhang Rechts-Links-Merkmale der Pflanzen (1 Ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 496 pp.
  • 27. Lychakov, D.V., Rebane, Y. T. (2005). Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality. Hearing Research, 201: 55-69.
  • 28. Matessi, G. (1997). Is variation in orientation related to fluctuating asymmetry in migratory passerines? Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 9: 209-221.
  • 29. Møller, A.P., Swaddle, J.P. (1997). Asymmetry, Developmental Stability and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 302 pp.
  • 30. Ökmen, M. (2011). Karadeniz’de Çevre Sorunları ve İş birliğine Yönelik Yerel, Bölgesel Perspektifler bilig, Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 53: 165-194.
  • 31. Palmer, A.R. (1994). “Fluctuating asymmetry analysis: a primer, 335-364”, In: Developmental instability: its origins and evolutionary implications (Eds. T. A., Markow). Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 441 pp.
  • 32. Palmer, A.R., Strobeck, C. (1992). Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental instability: Implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 191: 57-72.
  • 33. Parsons, P.A. (1990). Fluctuating asymmetry: An epigenetic measure of stress. Biological Reviews, 65: 131-145.
  • 34. Tomkins, J.L., Kotiaho, J.S. (2002). “Fluctuating Asymmetry, 1-5”, In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, MacMillan Publishers Ltd.,Nature Publishing Group, London.
  • 35. Valentine, D.W., Soule, M.E., Samollow, P. (1973). Asymmetry in fishes: a possible statistical indicator of environmental stress. Fishery Bulletin, 71: 357-370.
  • 36. Van Vallen, L. (1962). A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution, 16: 125-142.
  • 37. Yedier, S., Bostanci, D., Kontaş, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Gender-Based Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Alburnus mossulensis in Munzur River, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 38. Zakharov, V.M. (1992). Population phenogenetics: analysis of developmental stability in natural populations. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 191: 7-30.

Kuzey Ege Denizi Edremit Körfezi'nde Yaşayan Sarı Kuyruk İstavrit, Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868)'un Otolit karakterlerinde Dalgalı Asimetrinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 69 - 78, 15.06.2018

Abstract

Kuzey Ege Denizi Edremit Körfezi'nde yaşayan Trachurus mediterraneus, sarı kuyruk istavritin otolit boyu,
genişliği, alanı ve çevresi gibi dört farklı otolit karakterinin dalgalı
asimetri değerleri inceleyerek bu türlerin yaşadığı habitatta çevresel kaynaklı
bir stres altında olup olmadığını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada
yerel balıkçılar yardımıyla yakalanan 180 adet balık örneği ve bu örneklerden
çıkarılmış toplamda 360 adet sagittal otolit kullanılmıştır. Sol ve sağ otolit
çiftlerinin boyu, genişliği, alanı ve çevresi gibi karakterleri incelendiğinde
bu karakterler arasında sadece otolit alanında istatistiki bir fark belirlenmiş
(P
<0.05) olup bu farkta otolit alanının asimetrisine yansımıştır. Balık örnekleri
sekiz total boy grubuna bölünerek her boy grubunun asimetrisi hem ayrı ayrı
hesaplanmış hem de boy grubu olmaksızın değerlendirilmiştir. Otolit alanı
2.8425 değeriyle en fazla asimetri gösterirken otolit çevresi ise 1.5931
değeriyle en az asimetri gösteren karakterler olmuştur. Çalışmada incelenen
otolit karakterlerinin dalgalı asimetrisinin balıkların cinsiyetlerine göre
değişmediği bulunmamıştır (P
>0.05). T.
mediterraneus
un otolit karakterlerinin dalgalı asimetrisi
değerlendirildiğinde asimetrik birey sayısının fazla olması nedeniyle yaşadığı
ortamda stres altında olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. 

References

  • 1. Alados, C.L., Escos, J.M. Emlen, J.M. (1993). Developmental stability as an indicator of environmental stress in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus). Fishery Bulletin, 91: 587-593.
  • 2. Al-Mamry, J.M., Jawad, L.A., Ambuali, A. (2011). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith length and width of adult Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) collected from Muscat waters at the Sea of Oman. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17: 254-259.
  • 3. Aurebach, B.M., Raxter, M.H. (2008). Patterns of clavicular bilateral asymmetry in relation to humerus: variation among humans. Journal of Human Evolution, 54: 663-674.
  • 4. Boran, M., Altinok, I. (2010). A Review of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Living Organisms in the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10: 565-572.
  • 5. Bostancı, D., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2016). Otolith asymmetry of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) in the Middle Black Sea. 1st International Black Sea Congress on Environmental Sciences (IBCESS), August 31- September 03, Giresun, Turkey.
  • 6. Bostancı, D., Kontaş, S., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Barbus tauricus and Capoeta banarescui Inhabiting Melet River, Ordu, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 7. Breuker, C.J., Brakefield, P. M., Gibbs, M. (2007). The association between wing morphology and dispersal is sex specific in the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). European Journal of Entomology, 104: 445-452.
  • 8. Carpentero, E.R., Tabugo, S.R.M. (2014). Determining developmental instability via fluctuating asymmetry in the shell shape of Arctica islandica Linn. 1767 (ocean quahog). European Journal of Zoological Research, 3(3): 1-7.
  • 9. Clarke, G.M. (1993). The genetic basis of developmental stability. I. Relationships between stability, heterozygosity and genomic co-adaptation. Genetica, 89: 15-23.
  • 10. El-Regal, M.A., Jawad, L.A., Mehanna, S., Ahmad, Y. (2016). Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Otolith of two Parrotfish Species, Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) and Hipposcarus harid (Forsskål, 1775) from Hurghada, Red Sea coast of Egypt. International Journal of Marine Science, 6(37): 1-5.
  • 11. Fey, D.P., Hare, J.A. (2008). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevootita tyrannus (Latrobe) – a condition indicator? Journal of Fish Biology, 72: 121-130.
  • 12. Fischer, W., Schneider, M., Bauchot, M.L. (1987). Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche, Mediterranée et Mer Noire, Zone de pêche 37(2). FAO, CEE, Rome, 1529 pp.
  • 13. Gangestad, S.W., Thornhill, R. (1999). Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: a model and its implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 12: 402-416.
  • 14. Graham, J.H., Freeman, D.C., Emlen, J.M. (1993). Antisymmetry, directional asymmetry, and dynamic morphogenesis. Genetica, 89(1-3): 121-137.
  • 15. Helling, K., Hausmann, S., Clarke, A., Scherer, H. (2003). Experimentally induced motion sickness in fish: possible role of the otolith organs. Acta Otorrinolaringologica, 123: 488-492.
  • 16. Hermita, J.M., Gorospe, J.G., Torres, M.A.J., Lumasag, J.L., Demayo, C.G. (2013). Fluctuating asymmetry in the body shape of the mottled spinefoot fish, Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782) collected from different bays in Mindanao Island, Philippines. Science International (Lahore), 25(4): 857-861.
  • 17. Holló, G. (2015). A new paradigm for animal symmetry. Interface Focus, 5(6):1-10.
  • 18. Holló, G., Novák, M. (2012). The manoeuvrability hypothesis to explain the maintenance of bilateral symmetry in animal evolution. Biology Direct, 7: 1-7.
  • 19. Jawad, L.A. (2001). Preliminary asymmetry analysis of some morphological characters of Tilapia zilli (Pisces: Cichlidae) collected from three localities in Libya. Bollettino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, 18: 251-257.
  • 20. Jawad, L.A. (2003). Asymmetry in some morphological characters of four sparid fishes from Benghazi, Libya. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 32: 83-88.
  • 21. Jawad, L.A., Al-Mamry, J.M., Al-Mamari, D. (2012). Fluctuating Asymmetry in the Otolith Width of Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Carangidae) Collected from Muscat City Coast on the Sea of Oman. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 70(3): 125-133.
  • 22. Kontaş, S., Bostanci, D., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Danube bleak, Alburnus chalcoides in Curi River, Ordu, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 23. Leary, R.F., Allendorf, F.W. (1989). Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: implications for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 4: 214-217.
  • 24. Lens, L., Van Dongen, S., Matthysen, E. (2002a). Fluctuating Asymmetry as an Early Warning System in the Critically Endangered Taita Thrush. Conservation Biology, 16(2) 479-487.
  • 25. Lens L., Van Dongen, S., Kark, S., Matthysen, E. (2002b). Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? Biological Reviews, 77: 27-38.
  • 26. Ludwig, W. (1932). Das Rechts-Links-Problem im Tierreich und beim Menschen: Mit einem Anhang Rechts-Links-Merkmale der Pflanzen (1 Ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 496 pp.
  • 27. Lychakov, D.V., Rebane, Y. T. (2005). Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality. Hearing Research, 201: 55-69.
  • 28. Matessi, G. (1997). Is variation in orientation related to fluctuating asymmetry in migratory passerines? Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 9: 209-221.
  • 29. Møller, A.P., Swaddle, J.P. (1997). Asymmetry, Developmental Stability and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 302 pp.
  • 30. Ökmen, M. (2011). Karadeniz’de Çevre Sorunları ve İş birliğine Yönelik Yerel, Bölgesel Perspektifler bilig, Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 53: 165-194.
  • 31. Palmer, A.R. (1994). “Fluctuating asymmetry analysis: a primer, 335-364”, In: Developmental instability: its origins and evolutionary implications (Eds. T. A., Markow). Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 441 pp.
  • 32. Palmer, A.R., Strobeck, C. (1992). Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental instability: Implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 191: 57-72.
  • 33. Parsons, P.A. (1990). Fluctuating asymmetry: An epigenetic measure of stress. Biological Reviews, 65: 131-145.
  • 34. Tomkins, J.L., Kotiaho, J.S. (2002). “Fluctuating Asymmetry, 1-5”, In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, MacMillan Publishers Ltd.,Nature Publishing Group, London.
  • 35. Valentine, D.W., Soule, M.E., Samollow, P. (1973). Asymmetry in fishes: a possible statistical indicator of environmental stress. Fishery Bulletin, 71: 357-370.
  • 36. Van Vallen, L. (1962). A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution, 16: 125-142.
  • 37. Yedier, S., Bostanci, D., Kontaş, S., Kurucu, G., Polat, N. (2017). Gender-Based Otolith Mass Asymmetry of Alburnus mossulensis in Munzur River, Turkey. International Ecology Symposium 2017, 11-13 May, Kayseri, Turkey.
  • 38. Zakharov, V.M. (1992). Population phenogenetics: analysis of developmental stability in natural populations. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 191: 7-30.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Derya Bostancı 0000-0003-3052-9805

Dilek Türker This is me 0000-0002-8725-7604

Serdar Yedier This is me 0000-0003-0017-3502

Seda Kontaş This is me 0000-0002-6582-6722

Gülşah Kurucu This is me 0000-0002-1463-0674

Publication Date June 15, 2018
Submission Date December 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bostancı, D., Türker, D., Yedier, S., Kontaş, S., et al. (2018). Kuzey Ege Denizi Edremit Körfezi’nde Yaşayan Sarı Kuyruk İstavrit, Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868)’un Otolit karakterlerinde Dalgalı Asimetrinin İncelenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 69-78.