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Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle tohumunun çimlenmesi üzerine ekim zamanı ve yetiştirme ortamının etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 1 - 8, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1089610

Abstract

Çalışma kapsamında Ailanthus altisima tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine farklı yetiştirme ortamı ve ekim zamanının etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ailanthus altisima tohumları, doğal tohum döküm zamanı olan Kasım ayı içerisinde KTÜ Kanuni kampüsünde bulunan ağaçlardan elde edilmiştir. Ekim işlemi önceden hazırlanmış özel ve yüksek ekim yastıklarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekim işlemi, özel ekim yastıklarına kasım ve mart ayında, yüksek ekim yastığında ise ocak ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumların ekimden önce 1000 tane ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Tohumlar, özel ekim yastıklarına kanatlı ve kanatsız olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde, yüksek ekim yastığında ise yalnız kanatlı tohumlar kullanılarak çizgi ekimi yöntemiyle ekilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Kasım ayında kanatlı veya kanatsız şekilde yapılan ekimin çimlenme yüzdesinin değişmesinde etkili olduğu ancak çimlenme için gerekli sıcaklık ve nemin rahatça alınabildiği ilkbahar mevsiminde tohumların kanatlı olup olmamalarının önemli olmadığı ve hemen hemen birbirine yakın çimlenme yüzdelerine (kanatlı tohum ÇY %94,17, kanatsız tohum ÇY %99,45) sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Ailanthus altissima tohumları için uygun ekim zamanının ilkbahar olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, sonbaharda fidan ihtiyacının karşılanmasında başarılı bir sonucun elde edilebilmesi için ekim işleminin sera koşullarında yapılmasının uygun olacağı ortaya koyulmuştur.

Thanks

KAROK2021

References

  • Al-Snafi, A.E., 2015. The pharmacological importance of Ailanthus altissima-A review. International Journal of Pharmacy Review and Research 5(2): 121-129.
  • Anşin, R., Terzioğlu, S., 1998. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin Özellikle Trabzon Yöresinin Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın, No: 192, Fakülte Yayın No: 29, Trabzon.
  • Atar, F., Atar, E., Bayraktar, A., Turna, İ., 2017. The effect of pretreatments on the germination speed of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. International Symposium on New Horizons in Forestry, Isparta, Turkey, 18-20 October 2017, ss. 404.
  • Atar, F., Bayraktar, A., Yildirim, N., Turna, İ., 2018. Determination of germination characteristics of Calligonum polygonoides and Koelreuteria paniculata seeds. Works of the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo 48(2): 33-40.
  • Cabra-Rivas, I., Castro-Diez, P., 2016. Comparing the sexual reproductive success of two exotic trees invading Spanish riparian forests vs. a native reference. Plos one 11(8): e0160831.
  • Enescu, C.M., 2014. The role of tree-of-heaven in forest land reclamation: a Brief. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology 18(2): 66-69.
  • Feret, P.P., Bryant, R.L., Ramsey, J.A., 1974. Genetic variation among American seed sources of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Scientia Horticulturae 2(4): 405-411.
  • Göktürk, A., Solhan, İ., Temel, F., Ölmez, Z., 2019. Saklama süresinin Doğu ladini (Picea orientalis L.) tohumlarının çimlenme yüzdesi ve hızı üzerine etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21(1): 182-190.
  • Graves, W.R., 1990. Stratification not required for tree-of-heaven seed germination. Tree Planters’ Notes 41, 1012.
  • Güney, D., Atar, E., Atar, F., Turna, I., 2014. Effects of different pretreatments and seed collection dates of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) seeds on germination. Frese. Environ. Bull (10a): 2554-2559.
  • Güney, D., Atar, F., Atar, E., Turna, İ., Kulaç, Ş., 2015. The effect of pre-treatments and seed collection time on the germination characteristics of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Seed Science and Technology 43(1): 1-9.
  • Güney, D., Turna, İ., Atar, F., 2018. The effects of different pretreatments on germination of Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.) seeds. Biological Diversity and Conservation 11(1): 61-67.
  • Hu, S.Y., 1979. Ailanthus. Arnoldia 39(2): 29-50.
  • ISTA, (2007). International Rules for seed testing. Seed Sci. Technol. 21: 1-288.
  • Kaproth, M.A., McGraw, J.B., 2008. Seed viability and dispersal of the wind-dispersed invasive Ailanthus altissima in aqueous environments. Forest Sci. 54: 490-496.
  • Kayacık, H., 1969. Orman ve Park Ağaçlarının Özel Sistematiği, Cilt 3, Angiospermae (Kapalı Tohumlular), İ.Ü. Yayın no: 1189, Orman Fakültesi Yayın no: 106, İstanbul.
  • Knapp, L.B., Canham, C.D., 2000. Invasion of an old-growth forest in New York by Ailanthus altissima: sapling growth and recruitment in canopy gaps. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 307-315.
  • Kota, N.L., Landenberger, R.E., McGraw, J.B., 2007. Germination and early growth of Ailanthus and tulip poplar in three levels of forest disturbance. Biol. Invasions 9: 197-211.
  • Kowarik, I., Säumel, I., 2007. Biological flora of central Europe: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8(4): 207-237.
  • Landenberger, R.E., Kota, N.L., McGraw, J.B., 2007. Seed dispersal of the non-native invasive tree Ailanthus altissima into contrasting environments. Plant Ecology 192(1): 55-70.
  • Li, K.R., Zhang, W.B., Li, H.K., 2005. Effect of natural brassinolide on germination of Ailanthus altissima seeds. Forestry Studies in China 7(2): 12-14.
  • Martin, P.H., Canham, C.D., Kobe, R.K., 2010. Divergence from the growth-survival tradeoff and extreme high growth rates drive patterns of exotic tree invasions from closedcanopy forests. J. Ecol. 98: 778-789.
  • Mercurio, R., 2018. What does forest restoration mean in Italy?, Journal of Mediterranean Ecology 16: 27-36.
  • Pepe, M., Gratani, L., Fabrini, G., Varone, L., 2020. Seed germination traits of Ailanthus altissima, Phytolacca americana and Robinia pseudoacacia in response to different thermal and light requirements. Plant Species Biology 35(4): 300-314.
  • Rebbeck, J., Jolliff, J., 2018. How long do seeds of the invasive tree, Ailanthus altissima remain viable?. Forest Ecology and Management 429: 175-179.
  • Samuilov, S., Đunisijević-Bojović, D., Đukić, M., Raković, J., 2014. The effect of elevated Zn concentrations on seed germination and young seedling growth of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Glasnik Sumarskog Fakulteta (110): 145-157.
  • Şefik, Y., 1995. Tarımsal ormancılık:(Agroforestry). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 21, Trabzon.
  • Trájer, A.J., Hammer, T., Bede-Fazekas, Á., Schoffhauzer, J., Padisák, J., 2016. The comparison of the potential effect of climate change on the segment growth of Fraxinus ornus, Pinus nigra and Ailanthus altissima on shallow, calcareous soils. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 14(3): 161-182.
  • Turna, İ., 2013. Tarımsal Ormancılık (Agroforestry). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Ders Notları, Yayın No: 87. Trabzon.
  • Udvardy, L., 1998. Spreading and coenological circumstances of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Hungary. (Acta Botanica Hungarica).
  • Ürgenç, S., 1986. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 375, İstanbul.
  • Ürgenç, S., 1998. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği, İÜ Rektörlüğü Yayın No: 3994, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 441, İstanbul.
  • Wickert, K.L., O’Neal, E.S., Davis, D.D., Kasson, M.T., 2017. Seed production, viability, and reproductive limits of the invasive Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) within invaded environments. Forests 8: 226.
  • Yıldız, O., Dönmez, A. H., Sargıncı, M., Çetin, B., 2021. Kokar ağacın (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) iç anadolu kurak saha ağaçlandırmalarında kullanımı. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi 17(2): 351-366.
  • Zasada, J.C., Little, S., 2008. Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle: Ailanthus. Woody Plant Seed Manual; Agric. Handbook (727): 224-226.

Effect of sowing time and media on germination of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle seed

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı, 1 - 8, 17.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1089610

Abstract

Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of different media and sowing time on the germination of Ailanthus altisima seeds. Ailanthus altisima seeds were obtained from the trees in the KTU Kanuni campus in November, which is the natural seed fall time. Sowing was carried out on specially prepared seedbeds. Sowing was carried out on special seedbeds in November and March and on traditional seedbeds in January. The 1000 seed weight was determined before sowing. Seeds were sown on special seedbeds in two different ways as without the pericarp and with pericarp, and by line sowing method using seeds with pericarp on the traditional seedbeds. According to the results of the study, it was determined that sowing seeds with or without pericarp in autumn were effective in on the germination percentage. However, it has been detected that it is not important to sow seeds with or without pericarp in the spring season when the temperature and humidity required for germination can be easily ensured. Both sowing treatments (seed with pericarp 94.17%, seed without pericarp 99.45%) had almost similar germination percentages. It has been determined that the appropriate planting time for Ailanthus altissima seeds is spring in terms of germination percentages, and it has been revealed that sowing under greenhouse conditions would be appropriate in order to meet the need for seedlings in autumn.

References

  • Al-Snafi, A.E., 2015. The pharmacological importance of Ailanthus altissima-A review. International Journal of Pharmacy Review and Research 5(2): 121-129.
  • Anşin, R., Terzioğlu, S., 1998. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin Özellikle Trabzon Yöresinin Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın, No: 192, Fakülte Yayın No: 29, Trabzon.
  • Atar, F., Atar, E., Bayraktar, A., Turna, İ., 2017. The effect of pretreatments on the germination speed of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. International Symposium on New Horizons in Forestry, Isparta, Turkey, 18-20 October 2017, ss. 404.
  • Atar, F., Bayraktar, A., Yildirim, N., Turna, İ., 2018. Determination of germination characteristics of Calligonum polygonoides and Koelreuteria paniculata seeds. Works of the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo 48(2): 33-40.
  • Cabra-Rivas, I., Castro-Diez, P., 2016. Comparing the sexual reproductive success of two exotic trees invading Spanish riparian forests vs. a native reference. Plos one 11(8): e0160831.
  • Enescu, C.M., 2014. The role of tree-of-heaven in forest land reclamation: a Brief. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology 18(2): 66-69.
  • Feret, P.P., Bryant, R.L., Ramsey, J.A., 1974. Genetic variation among American seed sources of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Scientia Horticulturae 2(4): 405-411.
  • Göktürk, A., Solhan, İ., Temel, F., Ölmez, Z., 2019. Saklama süresinin Doğu ladini (Picea orientalis L.) tohumlarının çimlenme yüzdesi ve hızı üzerine etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21(1): 182-190.
  • Graves, W.R., 1990. Stratification not required for tree-of-heaven seed germination. Tree Planters’ Notes 41, 1012.
  • Güney, D., Atar, E., Atar, F., Turna, I., 2014. Effects of different pretreatments and seed collection dates of oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) seeds on germination. Frese. Environ. Bull (10a): 2554-2559.
  • Güney, D., Atar, F., Atar, E., Turna, İ., Kulaç, Ş., 2015. The effect of pre-treatments and seed collection time on the germination characteristics of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) seeds in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Seed Science and Technology 43(1): 1-9.
  • Güney, D., Turna, İ., Atar, F., 2018. The effects of different pretreatments on germination of Mediterranean hackberry (Celtis australis L.) seeds. Biological Diversity and Conservation 11(1): 61-67.
  • Hu, S.Y., 1979. Ailanthus. Arnoldia 39(2): 29-50.
  • ISTA, (2007). International Rules for seed testing. Seed Sci. Technol. 21: 1-288.
  • Kaproth, M.A., McGraw, J.B., 2008. Seed viability and dispersal of the wind-dispersed invasive Ailanthus altissima in aqueous environments. Forest Sci. 54: 490-496.
  • Kayacık, H., 1969. Orman ve Park Ağaçlarının Özel Sistematiği, Cilt 3, Angiospermae (Kapalı Tohumlular), İ.Ü. Yayın no: 1189, Orman Fakültesi Yayın no: 106, İstanbul.
  • Knapp, L.B., Canham, C.D., 2000. Invasion of an old-growth forest in New York by Ailanthus altissima: sapling growth and recruitment in canopy gaps. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 307-315.
  • Kota, N.L., Landenberger, R.E., McGraw, J.B., 2007. Germination and early growth of Ailanthus and tulip poplar in three levels of forest disturbance. Biol. Invasions 9: 197-211.
  • Kowarik, I., Säumel, I., 2007. Biological flora of central Europe: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8(4): 207-237.
  • Landenberger, R.E., Kota, N.L., McGraw, J.B., 2007. Seed dispersal of the non-native invasive tree Ailanthus altissima into contrasting environments. Plant Ecology 192(1): 55-70.
  • Li, K.R., Zhang, W.B., Li, H.K., 2005. Effect of natural brassinolide on germination of Ailanthus altissima seeds. Forestry Studies in China 7(2): 12-14.
  • Martin, P.H., Canham, C.D., Kobe, R.K., 2010. Divergence from the growth-survival tradeoff and extreme high growth rates drive patterns of exotic tree invasions from closedcanopy forests. J. Ecol. 98: 778-789.
  • Mercurio, R., 2018. What does forest restoration mean in Italy?, Journal of Mediterranean Ecology 16: 27-36.
  • Pepe, M., Gratani, L., Fabrini, G., Varone, L., 2020. Seed germination traits of Ailanthus altissima, Phytolacca americana and Robinia pseudoacacia in response to different thermal and light requirements. Plant Species Biology 35(4): 300-314.
  • Rebbeck, J., Jolliff, J., 2018. How long do seeds of the invasive tree, Ailanthus altissima remain viable?. Forest Ecology and Management 429: 175-179.
  • Samuilov, S., Đunisijević-Bojović, D., Đukić, M., Raković, J., 2014. The effect of elevated Zn concentrations on seed germination and young seedling growth of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Glasnik Sumarskog Fakulteta (110): 145-157.
  • Şefik, Y., 1995. Tarımsal ormancılık:(Agroforestry). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 21, Trabzon.
  • Trájer, A.J., Hammer, T., Bede-Fazekas, Á., Schoffhauzer, J., Padisák, J., 2016. The comparison of the potential effect of climate change on the segment growth of Fraxinus ornus, Pinus nigra and Ailanthus altissima on shallow, calcareous soils. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 14(3): 161-182.
  • Turna, İ., 2013. Tarımsal Ormancılık (Agroforestry). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Ders Notları, Yayın No: 87. Trabzon.
  • Udvardy, L., 1998. Spreading and coenological circumstances of the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Hungary. (Acta Botanica Hungarica).
  • Ürgenç, S., 1986. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 375, İstanbul.
  • Ürgenç, S., 1998. Ağaçlandırma Tekniği, İÜ Rektörlüğü Yayın No: 3994, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 441, İstanbul.
  • Wickert, K.L., O’Neal, E.S., Davis, D.D., Kasson, M.T., 2017. Seed production, viability, and reproductive limits of the invasive Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) within invaded environments. Forests 8: 226.
  • Yıldız, O., Dönmez, A. H., Sargıncı, M., Çetin, B., 2021. Kokar ağacın (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) iç anadolu kurak saha ağaçlandırmalarında kullanımı. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi 17(2): 351-366.
  • Zasada, J.C., Little, S., 2008. Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle: Ailanthus. Woody Plant Seed Manual; Agric. Handbook (727): 224-226.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Growing
Authors

Fahrettin Atar 0000-0003-4594-8148

İbrahim Turna 0000-0003-4408-1327

Early Pub Date August 31, 2022
Publication Date September 17, 2022
Submission Date March 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Atar, F., & Turna, İ. (2022). Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle tohumunun çimlenmesi üzerine ekim zamanı ve yetiştirme ortamının etkisi. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1089610
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