Research Article
New distribution areas and identification characters of Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Abstract
In this study, the distribution area, density, and damage of Loxostege sticticalis were determined in this area. In addition, information about the characteristics and identification characters of the male and female is given. The study was conducted in the laboratory and field studies. In field studies, samples were taken from Istanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce and Bolu. The adult density was determined using light traps, sweep-net, and visual control methods. Migratory adults of L. sticticalis were detected on shrubs and herbaceous plants in Bolu, Düzce, Kocaeli, İstanbul, and Sakarya provinces. The adults of the first generation flight from the last week of June to the first half of July, and the second generation was seen from the beginning to the middle of August. Adult densities were found in İstanbul 7-15 adult m-², Kocaeli 7-8 adult m-², Sakarya 10 adult m-², Düzce 10-50 adult m-², and Bolu 5-10 adult m-² in July . Although the first generation of L. sticticalis was seen quite intensely in the region , the second generation considerably decreased. Despite its high density, serious epidemics were caused by this pest in surveyed areas (except for two locations). Loxostege sticticalis was detected first in Bolu, Kocaeli, and Sakarya provinces, and number and distribution areas were determined with the identification characteristics of the pest. This study will form a basis for future studies and contribute to be the control programs.
References
- Alekhin VT, Kuznetsova TL (2003) The Beet Webworm and Control Measures Against It (Recommendations). FGNU Rosinformagrotek, Moscow. 76 pp.
- Akhanaev YB, Berim MN, Jiang X, Kutcherov DA, Luo L, Malysh YM, Reznik SY, Saulich AK, Sobolev VA, Tokarev YS, Zhang L (2013) Photoperiodic reaction in the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Pyraloidea, Crambidae) from eastern and western parts of its Eurasian range. Entomol. Rev. 93(7): 814-818.
- Anonim (2008) Endüstri ve Süs Bitkileri Hastalıkları Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye: Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları DaireBaşkanlığı, Ankara, 270 s.
- Atay E (2006) The identity of Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee, 1854) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Nymphulinae) in Turkey. J. Entomol. 3(1): 76-81. Chen RL, Bao XZ, Wang SY, Sun YJ, Li LQ, Liu JR (1992). An observation on the migration of meadow moth by rader. Acta Phytophyl. Sin. 19: 171-174.
- Chen X, Chen JG, Xue Y, Hao LP, Zhang Y, Zhao KJ (2004) Immigration of the 1999 outbreak populations of the meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) into the northeastern part of China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 47: 599-606.
- Chen X, Zhai B, Gong R, Yin M, Zhang Y, Zhao K (2008) Source area of spring population of meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Northeast China. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 28: 1521–1535.
- Chen X, Jiang Y, Kang A, Zhai B (2016) Drying soil in North China drove the outbreak range expansion of meadow moth by facilitating longdistance migration. Scientific Reports. 6 (30370): 1-8.
- Falkovich MI, Martin MO (1999) Family Pyraustidae, In: Insect and Acarine Crop Pests, Vol. 3, Part 2: Lepidoptera, Nauka, St. Petersburg, 1999, pp 167–170.
- Frolov AN, Kuznetsova TL, Chumakov MA, Smirnova MP (2000) The large-scale spread of beet webworm and corn borer. Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii. (10): 12–16.
- Frolov AN, Malysh YuM, Tokarev YuS (2008) Biological features and population density forecasts of the beet webworm Pyrausta sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae) in the period of low population density of the pest in Krasnodar Territory. Entomol Rev. 88: 666–675.
- Frolov AN, Saulich MI, Malysh Yu M, Tokarev YuS (2010) The beet webworm: cyclicality in multi- year dynamics of ıts population size. Zashch. Karant. Rast. 2: 49-53.
- Feng HQ, Wu KM, Cheng DF, Guo YY (2004) Spring migration and summer dispersal of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other insects observed with radar in northern China. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1253-1265.
- Hornovska S, Fedoruk Y, Prisjazhnjuk N, Pravdyva L, Lozinska, T, Masalskyi V (2019) Dispersal and development of beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (L.) in Ukraine. Eurasia J Biosci. 13: 1-7.
- Huang SH, Jiang XF, Luo LZ (2009) Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Acta Entomol. Sin. 52: 274-280.
- Khomyakova VO, Bykova EP, Uzikhina VS (1986) Effect of food and photoperiodic conditions on development of beet nebworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Entomol. Rev. 65(4): 90-96.
- Knor IB, Bashev AN, Alekseev AA, Kirov YEI (1993) Effects of population density on the population dynamics of Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomol. Rev. 72: 117-124.
- Koçak AÖ, Kemal M (2009) Revised checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. 17: 1-150.
- Koçak AÖ, Kemal M (2018) A synonymous and distributional list of the species of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. 8: 1-489.
- Kozhanchikov IV (1941) Distribution and annual changes in the abundance of the turnip moth and the beet webworm as related to heat and humidity. Zool. Zh.20(1): 30-45.
- Kuznetsova TL, Chumakov MA (2008) Loxostege sticticalis L.-the beet webworm, In: Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds (Ed. Afonin AN, Greene SL, Dzyubenko NI, Frolov AN) form http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Loxostege-sticticalis.
- Luo LZ (2004) The first generation of meadow moth will be outbreak in China. Plant Prot. 30: 86-88.
- Luo LZ, Li GB (1992) Variation of the flight ability and behavior of adult meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis at different ages, In: Transaction of the Ecological Society of Chinese Youths (Eds. Wan FH, Xia YL), Ecology Research Society of China and IPM Institute of Chinese Agricultural University, Chinese Science and Technology Press, Beijing, China.
- Luo LZ, Li GB (1993) The threshold temperature thermal constant and division of generation regions of meadow moth (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in China. Acta Entomol Sin. 36: 332–339.
- Luo LZ, Qu XF (2005) Harmful characteristics of meadow moth in 2004 and analysis on the damage of the first generation harm to crops in 2005. Plant Prot. 31: 69-71.
- Luo LZ, Huang SZ, Jiang XF, Zhang L (2009) Characteristics and causes for the outbreaks of beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in northern China during 2008. Plant Prot. 35: 27-33.
- Pepper JH (1938) The effect of certain climatic factors on the distribution of the beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in North America. Ecol. 19: 565-571.
- Pepper JH, Hastings E (1941) Life history and control of the sugar-beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (L.). Mont. Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 389: 1-32.
- Shurovenkov YB, Alekhin VT (1984) The meadow moth in eastern Siberia and in the Far East. Zashchita Rastenii. 19(2): 40-41.
- Smirnova MP (2000) The meadow moth: still a dangerous pest. Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii. (2): 10-11.
- Sun YJ, Gao YB (2004) Discussion on migration and population of meadow moth in spring, In: Current Entomological Research (Ed. Li DM), China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing, China. pp 230-232.
- Ünal E 1979. Marmara Bölgesinde Ayçiçeklerinde Zarar Yapan Çayır Tırtılı [Loxostege (Marganitia) sticticalis L.]’nin Tanınması, Biyoekolojisi ve Savaşım Yöntemleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. A 107.017 nolu Proje Çalışma Raporu. Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Xiao C, Baoping Z, Ruijie G, Minghao Y, You Z, Kuijun Z (2008) Source area of spring population of meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L.(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Northeast China. Acta Ecolç Sin. 28(4): 1521-1535.
- Znamenskii AV (1932) Weather and the beet webworm. Sborn. Vızr. 2: 30-33.
Çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)’in yeni yayılış alanları ve teşhis karakterleri
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, bu bölgede Loxostege sticticalis’in yayılış alanı, yoğunluğu ve zararı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca erkek ve dişilerin karakteristik özellikleri ve teşhis karakterleri ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışmamız laboratuvar ve arazi çalışmaları şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Arazi çalışmalarında İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce ve Bolu’dan örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Örneklemelerde ışık tuzağı, atrap ve gözle kontrol yöntemleri kullanılarak zararlının ergin yoğunluğu belirlenmiştir. Göç eden L. sticticalis erginleri Bolu, Düzce, Kocaeli, İstanbul ve Sakarya illerinde çalımsı ve otsu bitkilerde gruplar halinde tespit edilmiştir. İlk dölün erginleri, haziran ayının son haftası ile temmuz ayının ilk yarısında, ikinci dölde ise ağustos ayı başı ile ortasına kadar uçuşlarını sürdürmüştür. Ergin yoğunlukları Temmuz ayında; İstanbul’da 7-15 adet m-², Kocaeli’de 7-8 adet m-², Sakarya’da 10 adet m-², Düzce’de 10-50 adet m-² ve Bolu’da 5-10 adet m-² bulunmuştur. Loxostege sticticalis, ilk dölde bölgede oldukça yoğun bir şekilde görülmesine karşın ikinci dölde yoğunluğu oldukça azalmıştır. Zararlı yoğunluğu oldukça fazla olmasına karşın sürvey yapılan alanlarda ciddi epidemi meydana getirmemiştir. Loxostege sticticalis; Bolu, Kocaeli ve Sakarya illerinde ilk kez tespit edilerek zararlının teşhis özellikleri ile birlikte bölgede yayılış alanları ve yoğunlukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma daha sonra yürütülecek çalışmalara altyapı oluşturarak ve mücadele programlarının oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.
Keywords
References
- Alekhin VT, Kuznetsova TL (2003) The Beet Webworm and Control Measures Against It (Recommendations). FGNU Rosinformagrotek, Moscow. 76 pp.
- Akhanaev YB, Berim MN, Jiang X, Kutcherov DA, Luo L, Malysh YM, Reznik SY, Saulich AK, Sobolev VA, Tokarev YS, Zhang L (2013) Photoperiodic reaction in the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Pyraloidea, Crambidae) from eastern and western parts of its Eurasian range. Entomol. Rev. 93(7): 814-818.
- Anonim (2008) Endüstri ve Süs Bitkileri Hastalıkları Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları, 1. Baskı, Ankara, Türkiye: Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları DaireBaşkanlığı, Ankara, 270 s.
- Atay E (2006) The identity of Parapoynx affinialis (Guenee, 1854) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Nymphulinae) in Turkey. J. Entomol. 3(1): 76-81. Chen RL, Bao XZ, Wang SY, Sun YJ, Li LQ, Liu JR (1992). An observation on the migration of meadow moth by rader. Acta Phytophyl. Sin. 19: 171-174.
- Chen X, Chen JG, Xue Y, Hao LP, Zhang Y, Zhao KJ (2004) Immigration of the 1999 outbreak populations of the meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) into the northeastern part of China. Acta Entomol. Sin. 47: 599-606.
- Chen X, Zhai B, Gong R, Yin M, Zhang Y, Zhao K (2008) Source area of spring population of meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Northeast China. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 28: 1521–1535.
- Chen X, Jiang Y, Kang A, Zhai B (2016) Drying soil in North China drove the outbreak range expansion of meadow moth by facilitating longdistance migration. Scientific Reports. 6 (30370): 1-8.
- Falkovich MI, Martin MO (1999) Family Pyraustidae, In: Insect and Acarine Crop Pests, Vol. 3, Part 2: Lepidoptera, Nauka, St. Petersburg, 1999, pp 167–170.
- Frolov AN, Kuznetsova TL, Chumakov MA, Smirnova MP (2000) The large-scale spread of beet webworm and corn borer. Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii. (10): 12–16.
- Frolov AN, Malysh YuM, Tokarev YuS (2008) Biological features and population density forecasts of the beet webworm Pyrausta sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Pyraustidae) in the period of low population density of the pest in Krasnodar Territory. Entomol Rev. 88: 666–675.
- Frolov AN, Saulich MI, Malysh Yu M, Tokarev YuS (2010) The beet webworm: cyclicality in multi- year dynamics of ıts population size. Zashch. Karant. Rast. 2: 49-53.
- Feng HQ, Wu KM, Cheng DF, Guo YY (2004) Spring migration and summer dispersal of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other insects observed with radar in northern China. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1253-1265.
- Hornovska S, Fedoruk Y, Prisjazhnjuk N, Pravdyva L, Lozinska, T, Masalskyi V (2019) Dispersal and development of beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (L.) in Ukraine. Eurasia J Biosci. 13: 1-7.
- Huang SH, Jiang XF, Luo LZ (2009) Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Acta Entomol. Sin. 52: 274-280.
- Khomyakova VO, Bykova EP, Uzikhina VS (1986) Effect of food and photoperiodic conditions on development of beet nebworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Entomol. Rev. 65(4): 90-96.
- Knor IB, Bashev AN, Alekseev AA, Kirov YEI (1993) Effects of population density on the population dynamics of Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomol. Rev. 72: 117-124.
- Koçak AÖ, Kemal M (2009) Revised checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. 17: 1-150.
- Koçak AÖ, Kemal M (2018) A synonymous and distributional list of the species of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. 8: 1-489.
- Kozhanchikov IV (1941) Distribution and annual changes in the abundance of the turnip moth and the beet webworm as related to heat and humidity. Zool. Zh.20(1): 30-45.
- Kuznetsova TL, Chumakov MA (2008) Loxostege sticticalis L.-the beet webworm, In: Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds (Ed. Afonin AN, Greene SL, Dzyubenko NI, Frolov AN) form http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Loxostege-sticticalis.
- Luo LZ (2004) The first generation of meadow moth will be outbreak in China. Plant Prot. 30: 86-88.
- Luo LZ, Li GB (1992) Variation of the flight ability and behavior of adult meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis at different ages, In: Transaction of the Ecological Society of Chinese Youths (Eds. Wan FH, Xia YL), Ecology Research Society of China and IPM Institute of Chinese Agricultural University, Chinese Science and Technology Press, Beijing, China.
- Luo LZ, Li GB (1993) The threshold temperature thermal constant and division of generation regions of meadow moth (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in China. Acta Entomol Sin. 36: 332–339.
- Luo LZ, Qu XF (2005) Harmful characteristics of meadow moth in 2004 and analysis on the damage of the first generation harm to crops in 2005. Plant Prot. 31: 69-71.
- Luo LZ, Huang SZ, Jiang XF, Zhang L (2009) Characteristics and causes for the outbreaks of beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in northern China during 2008. Plant Prot. 35: 27-33.
- Pepper JH (1938) The effect of certain climatic factors on the distribution of the beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in North America. Ecol. 19: 565-571.
- Pepper JH, Hastings E (1941) Life history and control of the sugar-beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (L.). Mont. Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. 389: 1-32.
- Shurovenkov YB, Alekhin VT (1984) The meadow moth in eastern Siberia and in the Far East. Zashchita Rastenii. 19(2): 40-41.
- Smirnova MP (2000) The meadow moth: still a dangerous pest. Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii. (2): 10-11.
- Sun YJ, Gao YB (2004) Discussion on migration and population of meadow moth in spring, In: Current Entomological Research (Ed. Li DM), China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing, China. pp 230-232.
- Ünal E 1979. Marmara Bölgesinde Ayçiçeklerinde Zarar Yapan Çayır Tırtılı [Loxostege (Marganitia) sticticalis L.]’nin Tanınması, Biyoekolojisi ve Savaşım Yöntemleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. A 107.017 nolu Proje Çalışma Raporu. Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Xiao C, Baoping Z, Ruijie G, Minghao Y, You Z, Kuijun Z (2008) Source area of spring population of meadow moth, Loxostege sticticalis L.(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Northeast China. Acta Ecolç Sin. 28(4): 1521-1535.
- Znamenskii AV (1932) Weather and the beet webworm. Sborn. Vızr. 2: 30-33.
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 7, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 24, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | December 9, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 28 Issue: 1 |
Cited By
Böcekler Üzerinde İklimdeki Değişimin Etkisi: Çayır tırtılı (Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761) Örneği
Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1275190
