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Preliminary results on the feeding and gut content of Flaccisagitta enflata in coastal areas of İskenderun Bay (northeastern Mediterranean Sea)

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 5, 765 - 771, 31.10.2018

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.406362
Cited By: 2

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to
characterize the feeding and diet composition of the most common pelagic
chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata.
Zooplankton samples were collected using a WP-2 zooplankton net (200 µm) at
three stations in the İskenderun Bay in October 2016, December 2016 and March
2017. F. enflata was the most
abundant chaetognath in all samples and its proportion varied from 42 to 94%.
Younger stages (I and II) dominated the population of F. enflata. In
total, 1663 specimens were examined, but only 185 contained prey in their guts.
The total food-containing ratio and the number of prey items for this chaetognath species
were 11% and 0.1, respectively. These values varied for different maturity
stages. Most food items were unidentified due to digestion. Copepods were the main food resource (36.8%) for
the species. Cannibalism was also observed.



This
study is the first to describe F. enflata
feeding behaviour in the coastal area of İskenderun Bay. The preliminary
results show that the feeding ratios were within the ranges reported for other
regions in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. 

Keywords

Flaccisagitta enflata feeding FCR NPC İskenderun Bay

References

  • Andréu P 1992. Vertical migration of three coastal species of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 54(4): 367-372.
  • Avşar D 1999. Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Eastern Mediterranean in Relation to Distribution of the New Scyphomedusae (Rhopilema nomadica). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(2): 605-616.
  • Bamstedt U, Gifford D J, Irigoien X, Atkinson A, Roman M 2000. Feeding. (ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, Academic Press, CaliforniaUSA: Eds. Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal HR, Huntley M) 297-400.
  • Batistic M, Mikuš J, Njire, J 2003. Chaetognaths in the South Adriatic: vertical distribution and feeding. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(6): 1301-1306.
  • Bone Q Happ H, Pierrot-Bults AC 1991. Introduction and relationships of the group. (The Biology of Chaetognaths,. Oxford University Press, OxfordUSA: Eds. Bone Q, Kapp H, Pierrot-Bults AC) 137-147.
  • Coston-Clements L, Waggett RJ, Tester PA 2009. Chaetognaths of the United States South Atlantic Bight: Distribution, abundance and potential interactions with newly spawned larval fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 373(2): 111-123.
  • Duró A, Saiz E 2000. Distribution and trophic ecology of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean in relation to an inshore–offshore gradient. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(2): 339-361.
  • Feigenbaum D 1991. Food and feeding behavior. (The Biology of Chaetognaths. Oxford University Press, USA: Eds. Bone Q, Kapp H, Pierrot-Bults AC) 45-54.
  • Hazar D 2006. İskenderun Körfezi’nde bulunan ketognat (sagittidae) türlerinin taksonomisi ve genetik analizi. MKÜ, Fen Bil. Ens., Su Ürünleri ABD, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 60 s.
  • Itoh H, Ono Y, Kubota T 2006. Vertical distribution of large-size chaetognaths in Suruga Bay, central Japan. Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology-Tokai University, 4(1): 1–13.
  • İşmen P, İşmen A, Başusta N 2003. Species composition, distribution and breeding of chaetognata in İskenderun Bay (The Eastern Mediterranean). (International Symposium of Fisheries and Zoology Proceeding Book, Turkey: Oray IK, Çelikkale; MS Özdemir G) 89-102.
  • İyiduvar O 1986. Hydrographic Characteristics of Iskenderun Bay. METU, Institute of Marine Sciences, The department of Physical Oceanography, Masters Thesis, 157 p.
  • Kehayias G 2003. Quantitative Aspects of Feeding of Chaetognaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Pelagic Waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(3):559-569.
  • Kehayias G 2004. Spatial and temporal abundance distribution of chaetognaths in eastern Mediterranean pelagic waters. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(2): 253-270.
  • Kehayias G, Fragopoulu N, Lykakis J 1994. Vertical community structure and ontogenic distribution of chaetognaths in upper pelagic waters of the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Biology, 119: 647–653.
  • Kehayias G, Fragopoulu N, Lykakis, J. 1999a. An Identification Key for The Chaetognath Species of The Mediterranean Sea. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 25: 105-124.
  • Kehayias G, Kourouvakalis D 2010. Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in Coastal Waters of The Eastern Mediterranean. Biologia, 65(2): 301-—308.
  • Kehayias G, Koutsikopoulos C, Fragopoulou N, Lykakis J 1999b. A Single Maturity Classification Key for Five Common Mediterranean Chaetognath Species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79: 1137-1138.
  • Kehayias G, Lykakis J, Fragopoulu N, 1996. The diets of the chaetognaths Sagitta enflata, S. serratodentata atlantica and S. bipunctata at different seasons in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 53: 837-–846.
  • Kehayias G, Michaloudi E, Koutrakis E, 2005. Feeding and predation impact of chaetognaths in the north Aegean Sea (Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(6): 1525-1532.
  • Kehayias G, Ntakou E 2008. Abundance, vertical distribution and feeding of chaetognaths in the upper 50 m layer of the eastern Aegean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 42(5-8): 633-648.
  • Kimmerer, WJ 1984. Sagitta enflata (Chaetognatha). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 15: 55-62.
  • Kosobokova KN, Hopcroft RR 2010. Diversity and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Arctic's Canada Basin. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(1): 96-110.
  • Kuhlmann D 1977. Laboratory studies on the feeding behaviour of the chaetognaths Sagitta setosa J. Milller and S. elegans Verrill with special reference to fish eggs and larvae as food organisms. Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission für Meeresforschung, 25: 163-171.
  • Nagasawa S Marumo R 1981. Chaetognaths as food of demersal fishes in the East China Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, 56: 1-13.
  • Noblezada MMP, Campos WL 2008. Spatial distribution of chaetognaths off the northern Bicol Shelf, Philippines (Pacific coast). ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 65(3): 484-494.
  • Oresland V 1990. Feeding and predation impact of the chaetognath Eukrohnia hamata in Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 63(2): 201-209.
  • Oresland V 1987. Life cycle and feeding of the chaetognaths Sagitta setosa and S. elegans in European shelf waters. University of Stockholm, Department of Zoology, PhD thesis, 85 p.
  • Pearre SJr 1974. Ecological studies of three west-Mediterranean chaetognaths. Investigacion Pesquera, 38: 325-369.
  • Pierrot-Bults AC, Nair VR 2010. Horizontal and vertical distribution of Chaetognatha in the upper 1000m of the western Sargasso Sea and the Central and South-east Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(24): 2189-2198.
  • Reeve MR 1970. The biology of Chaetognatha I. Quantitative aspects of growth and egg production in Sagitta hispida. (Marine food chains, Oliver and Boyd, UK: Ed. Steele JH) 168-189.
  • Stuart V, Verheye HM 1991. Diel migration and feeding patterns of the chaetognath, Sagitta friderici, off the west coast of South Africa. Journal of Marine Research, 49: 493-515.
  • Terbıyık T, Çevik C, Toklu-Alıçlı B, Sarıhan E 2007. First record of Ferosagitta galerita (Dallot, 1971) [Chaetognatha] in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 29(8): 721-726.
  • Terbıyık Kurt T, Polat S 2013. Seasonal distribution of coastal mesozooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in Iskenderun Bay (north-east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93: 1163-1174.
  • Terbıyık Kurt T, Polat S, 2015. Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and size structure in the coastal waters of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39: 378-387.
  • Terbıyık T, Sarıhan E, 2008.Seasonal distribution of species composition and abundance of chaetognaths in the Yumurtalik Inlet (Adana) Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(8): 90–95.

İskenderun Körfezi (Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz) kıyısal sularında Flaccisagitta enflata (Grassi, 1881)’nın beslenmesi ve bağırsak içeriği üzerine ilk gözlemler

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 5, 765 - 771, 31.10.2018

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.406362
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Mevcut çalışmada, en yaygın pelajik ketognat olan Flaccisagitta enflata’nın beslenmesi ve besin kompozisyonu
karakterize edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Zooplankton örnekleri, İskenderun
Körfezi’nde Ekim ve Aralık 2016, Mart, 2017 periyotlarında 3 istasyonda WP-2
zooplankton kepçesi (200 µm) ile toplanmıştır. Ketognatlar içinde, F.  enflata,
tüm periyotlarda baskın tür olarak gözlenmiş olup, oranı %42–94 arasında
değişim göstermiştir. Erken olgunluk aşamaları (I ve II) F. enflata populasyonunda baskın olarak gözlenmiştir. Toplam 1663
birey incelenmiş olup, bunlardan sadece 185 bireyin bağırsağında besine
rastlanmıştır. Bu tür için toplam besin içerme oranı (FCR) ve ketognat başına
düşen besin miktarı (NPC) sırasıyla %11 ve 0.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değerler
olgunluk aşamalarına göre farklılık göstermiştir. Çoğu besin sindirilmiş olduğundan
dolayı tanımlanamamıştır. Tanımlanan besin canlılar arasında kopepodlar ana
besin kaynağını oluşturmuştur (%36.8). Bununla birlikte kannibalizm’de
gözlenmiştir.



Bu çalışmada ilk kez
İskenderun Körfezi’nin kıyısal alanında F.
enflata’nın beslenmesi ile ilgili bilgiler elde edilmiş ve ilk gözlemler
beslenme oranlarının Doğu Akdeniz’in diğer alanlarından elde edilen sonuçlar
ile benzer olduğunu göstermiştir. 

Keywords

Flaccisagitta enflata beslenme FCR NPC İskenderun Körfezi

References

  • Andréu P 1992. Vertical migration of three coastal species of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 54(4): 367-372.
  • Avşar D 1999. Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Eastern Mediterranean in Relation to Distribution of the New Scyphomedusae (Rhopilema nomadica). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23(2): 605-616.
  • Bamstedt U, Gifford D J, Irigoien X, Atkinson A, Roman M 2000. Feeding. (ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, Academic Press, CaliforniaUSA: Eds. Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal HR, Huntley M) 297-400.
  • Batistic M, Mikuš J, Njire, J 2003. Chaetognaths in the South Adriatic: vertical distribution and feeding. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(6): 1301-1306.
  • Bone Q Happ H, Pierrot-Bults AC 1991. Introduction and relationships of the group. (The Biology of Chaetognaths,. Oxford University Press, OxfordUSA: Eds. Bone Q, Kapp H, Pierrot-Bults AC) 137-147.
  • Coston-Clements L, Waggett RJ, Tester PA 2009. Chaetognaths of the United States South Atlantic Bight: Distribution, abundance and potential interactions with newly spawned larval fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 373(2): 111-123.
  • Duró A, Saiz E 2000. Distribution and trophic ecology of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean in relation to an inshore–offshore gradient. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(2): 339-361.
  • Feigenbaum D 1991. Food and feeding behavior. (The Biology of Chaetognaths. Oxford University Press, USA: Eds. Bone Q, Kapp H, Pierrot-Bults AC) 45-54.
  • Hazar D 2006. İskenderun Körfezi’nde bulunan ketognat (sagittidae) türlerinin taksonomisi ve genetik analizi. MKÜ, Fen Bil. Ens., Su Ürünleri ABD, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 60 s.
  • Itoh H, Ono Y, Kubota T 2006. Vertical distribution of large-size chaetognaths in Suruga Bay, central Japan. Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology-Tokai University, 4(1): 1–13.
  • İşmen P, İşmen A, Başusta N 2003. Species composition, distribution and breeding of chaetognata in İskenderun Bay (The Eastern Mediterranean). (International Symposium of Fisheries and Zoology Proceeding Book, Turkey: Oray IK, Çelikkale; MS Özdemir G) 89-102.
  • İyiduvar O 1986. Hydrographic Characteristics of Iskenderun Bay. METU, Institute of Marine Sciences, The department of Physical Oceanography, Masters Thesis, 157 p.
  • Kehayias G 2003. Quantitative Aspects of Feeding of Chaetognaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Pelagic Waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(3):559-569.
  • Kehayias G 2004. Spatial and temporal abundance distribution of chaetognaths in eastern Mediterranean pelagic waters. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(2): 253-270.
  • Kehayias G, Fragopoulu N, Lykakis J 1994. Vertical community structure and ontogenic distribution of chaetognaths in upper pelagic waters of the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Biology, 119: 647–653.
  • Kehayias G, Fragopoulu N, Lykakis, J. 1999a. An Identification Key for The Chaetognath Species of The Mediterranean Sea. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 25: 105-124.
  • Kehayias G, Kourouvakalis D 2010. Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in Coastal Waters of The Eastern Mediterranean. Biologia, 65(2): 301-—308.
  • Kehayias G, Koutsikopoulos C, Fragopoulou N, Lykakis J 1999b. A Single Maturity Classification Key for Five Common Mediterranean Chaetognath Species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79: 1137-1138.
  • Kehayias G, Lykakis J, Fragopoulu N, 1996. The diets of the chaetognaths Sagitta enflata, S. serratodentata atlantica and S. bipunctata at different seasons in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters. ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, 53: 837-–846.
  • Kehayias G, Michaloudi E, Koutrakis E, 2005. Feeding and predation impact of chaetognaths in the north Aegean Sea (Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(6): 1525-1532.
  • Kehayias G, Ntakou E 2008. Abundance, vertical distribution and feeding of chaetognaths in the upper 50 m layer of the eastern Aegean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 42(5-8): 633-648.
  • Kimmerer, WJ 1984. Sagitta enflata (Chaetognatha). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 15: 55-62.
  • Kosobokova KN, Hopcroft RR 2010. Diversity and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the Arctic's Canada Basin. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(1): 96-110.
  • Kuhlmann D 1977. Laboratory studies on the feeding behaviour of the chaetognaths Sagitta setosa J. Milller and S. elegans Verrill with special reference to fish eggs and larvae as food organisms. Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission für Meeresforschung, 25: 163-171.
  • Nagasawa S Marumo R 1981. Chaetognaths as food of demersal fishes in the East China Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, 56: 1-13.
  • Noblezada MMP, Campos WL 2008. Spatial distribution of chaetognaths off the northern Bicol Shelf, Philippines (Pacific coast). ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 65(3): 484-494.
  • Oresland V 1990. Feeding and predation impact of the chaetognath Eukrohnia hamata in Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 63(2): 201-209.
  • Oresland V 1987. Life cycle and feeding of the chaetognaths Sagitta setosa and S. elegans in European shelf waters. University of Stockholm, Department of Zoology, PhD thesis, 85 p.
  • Pearre SJr 1974. Ecological studies of three west-Mediterranean chaetognaths. Investigacion Pesquera, 38: 325-369.
  • Pierrot-Bults AC, Nair VR 2010. Horizontal and vertical distribution of Chaetognatha in the upper 1000m of the western Sargasso Sea and the Central and South-east Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(24): 2189-2198.
  • Reeve MR 1970. The biology of Chaetognatha I. Quantitative aspects of growth and egg production in Sagitta hispida. (Marine food chains, Oliver and Boyd, UK: Ed. Steele JH) 168-189.
  • Stuart V, Verheye HM 1991. Diel migration and feeding patterns of the chaetognath, Sagitta friderici, off the west coast of South Africa. Journal of Marine Research, 49: 493-515.
  • Terbıyık T, Çevik C, Toklu-Alıçlı B, Sarıhan E 2007. First record of Ferosagitta galerita (Dallot, 1971) [Chaetognatha] in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 29(8): 721-726.
  • Terbıyık Kurt T, Polat S 2013. Seasonal distribution of coastal mesozooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in Iskenderun Bay (north-east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93: 1163-1174.
  • Terbıyık Kurt T, Polat S, 2015. Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and size structure in the coastal waters of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39: 378-387.
  • Terbıyık T, Sarıhan E, 2008.Seasonal distribution of species composition and abundance of chaetognaths in the Yumurtalik Inlet (Adana) Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(8): 90–95.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Tuba Terbıyık Kurt

Publication Date October 31, 2018
Submission Date March 15, 2018
Acceptance Date April 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 21 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Terbıyık Kurt, T. (2018). Preliminary results on the feeding and gut content of Flaccisagitta enflata in coastal areas of İskenderun Bay (northeastern Mediterranean Sea). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(5), 765-771. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.406362

Cited By

Güney Karadeniz’de Parasagitta setosa (J. Müller, 1847) (Chaetognatha): Boyut Yapısı, Gonad Gelişimi ve Mide İçeriği
Acta Aquatica Turcica
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1087064
Türkiye kıyılarında bulunan pelajik ketognat türlerinin tayin anahtarı
Acta Aquatica Turcica
Tuba TERBIYIK KURT
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.497205
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