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The Effect Of Accelerators On Vulcanization Of Natural Rubber Compounds

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.04.2024

Murat Teker Ayşe Usluoğlu Esra Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1330292

Abstract

The effect of accelerator type on vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber was investigated. Also, the effect of growing quantity of MBTS on vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber was investigated. The results show that the fastest cure time is obtained with thiurams and dithiocarbamates for natural rubber. Sulphenamides, especially TBBS gives the best tensile strength. Elongation at break first increases by increasing dose of MBTS and then decreases. The higher elongation at break is obtained with DPG.

Keywords

Natural Rubber Accelerator Vulcanization Dithiocarbamates Thiurams Sulfenamides

References

  • Akiba M. & Hashim A.S., (1997). Vulcanization and Crosslinking in Elastomers, Prog. Polym. Sci., 22, 475-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(96)00015-9.
  • Bateman L. (1963). The chemistry and physics of rubber-like substances. Maclaren London – Wiley Newyork.
  • Choi S.S. (2002). Improvement of properties of silica‐filled natural rubber compounds using polychloroprene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83, 2609-2616, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10201
  • Choi S.S., Nah C., Lee S.G. & Joo C.W. (2003). Effect of filler-filler interaction on rheological behaviour of natural rubber compounds filled with both carbon black and silica, Polym. Int. 52, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.975.
  • Comez E.E., Ozturk S., (2023), Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Effects of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Properties of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development UMAGD, 15(2), 654-664.
  • Formela K., Dominik W.S., Formela M., Hejna A., Haponiuk J., (2015). Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems Iran Polym J 24:289–297. DOI 10.1007/s13726-015-0320-9
  • Fan R. L., Zhang Y., Li F., Zhang Y. X., Sun K. & Fan Y. Z. (2001). Effect of high-temperature curing on the crosslink structures and dynamic mechanical properties of gum and N330-filled natural rubber vulcanizates, Polymer Testing 20, 925-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00035-6
  • Frederick R. & Eirich E. (1978). Science and technology of rubber, Academic Press.
  • Gordana Marković, Blaga Radovanović, Milena Marinović-Cincović & Jaroslava Budinski-Simendić (2009) The Effect of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics and Properties of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blend, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24:10-11, 1224-1228, DOI: 10.1080/10426910902967087
  • Gungor A., (2022). Components used in the vulcanization of rubber. Engineering Applications, 1(2), 132-136
  • Heideman, G., Datta, R. N., Noordermeer, J. W. M., & van Baarle, B. (2004). Activators in accelerated sulfur vulcanization. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 77(3), 512-541. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547834
  • Hoffman W. (1989). Rubber Technology Handbook. Hanser Publishing Munich.
  • http://www.kaucuk.org/kaucuk.asp
  • Ismail H., Ahmad Z. & Mohd Ishak Z.A. (2003). Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium maleate on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of polychloroprene rubber, Polymer Testing, 22, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(02)00067-3
  • Joseph R., George K.E. & Francis D. J. (1988). Studies on the cure characteristics and vulcanizate properties of 50/50 NR/SBR blend , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 35, 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350415
  • Koc A., Tuken T., (2019). The Effects Of Accelerators Used In Sulfur Vulcanızatıon Systems Epdm Rubber Compound On Rheologıcal Propertıes, Ç.Ü Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 38-3.
  • Kresja M.R. & Koenig J.L. (1993). Rubber Chem. Technol, 66, 376.
  • Loyd D.G. (1976). Rubber chemicals as a means of making polymers work, Plastics and Rubber, 1, 4.
  • Mostoni, S., Milana, P., Di Credico, B., D’Arienzo, M., & Scotti, R. (2019). Zinc-based curing activators: new trends for reducing zinc content in rubber vulcanization process. Catalysts, 9(8), 664.
  • Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR (2014). Optimization of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics, Tensile, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of (Natural Rubber)/(Recycled Ethylene-PropyleneDiene-Monomer) Blends. J Vinyl Addit Techn. Volume21, Issue2, Pages 79-88 https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21358
  • Pongdhorn S.Q, Chakrıt S., Uthaı T. & Phuchong T., (2001). Influence of accelerator type on propertıes of NR/EPDM blends, Polymer Testing 20, 925-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.07.004
  • Puspitasari S., Cifriadi A. (2019). Design of Elastomeric Bridge Bearing Pad Compound Formula Based on Hydrogenated Natural Rubber, J. Eng . Technol. Sci., Vo l. 51, No . 5, 649-661
  • Rader, C.P. (1985). Vulcanization, Intermediate Correspondence Course, Rubber Division, ACS, Akron, OH.
  • Sabu T., Hanna J.M., Joy J., Chan C.H., Pothen L. A., (2014), Natural Rubber Materials Volume 2: Composites and Nanocomposites, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge UK.
  • Sadequil A.M., Ishiaku U.S., Ismail H. & Poh B.T., (1998). The effect of accelerator/sulfur ratio on the scorch time of epoxidized natural rubber, Eur. Polym. J. 34 (1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(97)00067-0
  • Samarasinghe IHK, Walpalage S., Edirisinghe D.G., SM Egodage S.M., (2020). Study on sulfur vulcanizednatural rubber formulated withnitrosamine safe diisopropylxanthogen polysulfide/tertiarybutyl benzothiazole sulphenamidebinary accelerator system, Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 1–13, DOI: 10.1177/1477760620977499.
  • Savran H. O., Elastomer Teknolojisi 2, (2001). Kauçuk Derneği Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Setyadawi M. N., Mayasari H.E., (2020). Curing Characteristic of Various Accelerators on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends, Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol. 31 No. 2.
  • Singh G., Mahajan A.,Kumar M., (2015). A Review Paper on Vulcanization of Rubber and It’s properties GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES, August, 2(8).
  • Sirishina C., Limcharoen S.B. & Thunyarittikorn J. (2001) Relationships among blending conditions, size of dispersed phase, and oil resistance in natural rubber and nitrile rubber blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 82, 1232. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1957
  • Sirqueira A. S. & Soares B. G. (2003) The effect of mercapto- and thioacetate-modified EPDM on the curing parameters and mechanical properties of natural rubber/EPDM blens, European Polymer Journal, 39, 2283-2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(03)00163-0
  • Susamma A.P., Mini V.T.E. & Kuriakose A.P., (2001). Studies on Novel Accelerator System in the Sulphur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20010103)79:1
  • Teker M., Ozturk E. (2008). Master Thesis, Farklı kauçuk karışımlarının vulkanizasyonuna hızlandırıcıların etkisi, University of Sakarya, Sakarya.
  • Walker B. M. & Rader C.P. (1988). Rader, Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Newyork.

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.04.2024

Murat Teker Ayşe Usluoğlu Esra Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1330292

Abstract

References

  • Akiba M. & Hashim A.S., (1997). Vulcanization and Crosslinking in Elastomers, Prog. Polym. Sci., 22, 475-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(96)00015-9.
  • Bateman L. (1963). The chemistry and physics of rubber-like substances. Maclaren London – Wiley Newyork.
  • Choi S.S. (2002). Improvement of properties of silica‐filled natural rubber compounds using polychloroprene, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83, 2609-2616, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10201
  • Choi S.S., Nah C., Lee S.G. & Joo C.W. (2003). Effect of filler-filler interaction on rheological behaviour of natural rubber compounds filled with both carbon black and silica, Polym. Int. 52, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.975.
  • Comez E.E., Ozturk S., (2023), Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Effects of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Properties of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development UMAGD, 15(2), 654-664.
  • Formela K., Dominik W.S., Formela M., Hejna A., Haponiuk J., (2015). Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems Iran Polym J 24:289–297. DOI 10.1007/s13726-015-0320-9
  • Fan R. L., Zhang Y., Li F., Zhang Y. X., Sun K. & Fan Y. Z. (2001). Effect of high-temperature curing on the crosslink structures and dynamic mechanical properties of gum and N330-filled natural rubber vulcanizates, Polymer Testing 20, 925-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00035-6
  • Frederick R. & Eirich E. (1978). Science and technology of rubber, Academic Press.
  • Gordana Marković, Blaga Radovanović, Milena Marinović-Cincović & Jaroslava Budinski-Simendić (2009) The Effect of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics and Properties of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blend, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24:10-11, 1224-1228, DOI: 10.1080/10426910902967087
  • Gungor A., (2022). Components used in the vulcanization of rubber. Engineering Applications, 1(2), 132-136
  • Heideman, G., Datta, R. N., Noordermeer, J. W. M., & van Baarle, B. (2004). Activators in accelerated sulfur vulcanization. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 77(3), 512-541. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547834
  • Hoffman W. (1989). Rubber Technology Handbook. Hanser Publishing Munich.
  • http://www.kaucuk.org/kaucuk.asp
  • Ismail H., Ahmad Z. & Mohd Ishak Z.A. (2003). Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium maleate on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of polychloroprene rubber, Polymer Testing, 22, 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(02)00067-3
  • Joseph R., George K.E. & Francis D. J. (1988). Studies on the cure characteristics and vulcanizate properties of 50/50 NR/SBR blend , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 35, 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350415
  • Koc A., Tuken T., (2019). The Effects Of Accelerators Used In Sulfur Vulcanızatıon Systems Epdm Rubber Compound On Rheologıcal Propertıes, Ç.Ü Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 38-3.
  • Kresja M.R. & Koenig J.L. (1993). Rubber Chem. Technol, 66, 376.
  • Loyd D.G. (1976). Rubber chemicals as a means of making polymers work, Plastics and Rubber, 1, 4.
  • Mostoni, S., Milana, P., Di Credico, B., D’Arienzo, M., & Scotti, R. (2019). Zinc-based curing activators: new trends for reducing zinc content in rubber vulcanization process. Catalysts, 9(8), 664.
  • Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR (2014). Optimization of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics, Tensile, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of (Natural Rubber)/(Recycled Ethylene-PropyleneDiene-Monomer) Blends. J Vinyl Addit Techn. Volume21, Issue2, Pages 79-88 https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21358
  • Pongdhorn S.Q, Chakrıt S., Uthaı T. & Phuchong T., (2001). Influence of accelerator type on propertıes of NR/EPDM blends, Polymer Testing 20, 925-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.07.004
  • Puspitasari S., Cifriadi A. (2019). Design of Elastomeric Bridge Bearing Pad Compound Formula Based on Hydrogenated Natural Rubber, J. Eng . Technol. Sci., Vo l. 51, No . 5, 649-661
  • Rader, C.P. (1985). Vulcanization, Intermediate Correspondence Course, Rubber Division, ACS, Akron, OH.
  • Sabu T., Hanna J.M., Joy J., Chan C.H., Pothen L. A., (2014), Natural Rubber Materials Volume 2: Composites and Nanocomposites, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge UK.
  • Sadequil A.M., Ishiaku U.S., Ismail H. & Poh B.T., (1998). The effect of accelerator/sulfur ratio on the scorch time of epoxidized natural rubber, Eur. Polym. J. 34 (1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(97)00067-0
  • Samarasinghe IHK, Walpalage S., Edirisinghe D.G., SM Egodage S.M., (2020). Study on sulfur vulcanizednatural rubber formulated withnitrosamine safe diisopropylxanthogen polysulfide/tertiarybutyl benzothiazole sulphenamidebinary accelerator system, Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology, 1–13, DOI: 10.1177/1477760620977499.
  • Savran H. O., Elastomer Teknolojisi 2, (2001). Kauçuk Derneği Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Setyadawi M. N., Mayasari H.E., (2020). Curing Characteristic of Various Accelerators on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends, Jurnal Dinamika Penelitian Industri Vol. 31 No. 2.
  • Singh G., Mahajan A.,Kumar M., (2015). A Review Paper on Vulcanization of Rubber and It’s properties GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES, August, 2(8).
  • Sirishina C., Limcharoen S.B. & Thunyarittikorn J. (2001) Relationships among blending conditions, size of dispersed phase, and oil resistance in natural rubber and nitrile rubber blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 82, 1232. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1957
  • Sirqueira A. S. & Soares B. G. (2003) The effect of mercapto- and thioacetate-modified EPDM on the curing parameters and mechanical properties of natural rubber/EPDM blens, European Polymer Journal, 39, 2283-2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(03)00163-0
  • Susamma A.P., Mini V.T.E. & Kuriakose A.P., (2001). Studies on Novel Accelerator System in the Sulphur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20010103)79:1
  • Teker M., Ozturk E. (2008). Master Thesis, Farklı kauçuk karışımlarının vulkanizasyonuna hızlandırıcıların etkisi, University of Sakarya, Sakarya.
  • Walker B. M. & Rader C.P. (1988). Rader, Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Newyork.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Materials Science and Technologies
Journal Section Full-length articles
Authors

Murat Teker 0000-0001-7699-0504

Ayşe Usluoğlu 0000-0002-7523-4210

Esra Öztürk This is me 0009-0000-3339-6425

Publication Date April 1, 2024
Submission Date July 20, 2023
Acceptance Date December 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Teker, M., Usluoğlu, A., & Öztürk, E. (2024). The Effect Of Accelerators On Vulcanization Of Natural Rubber Compounds. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 7(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.58692/jotcsb.1330292
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