Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 21 - 31, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.693249

Abstract

The study empirically examines the production efficiency of cassava farmers in Delta State, Nigeria, using stochastic frontier analysis. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 farmers. The result showed that 68.3% of cassava farmers fell within the age range of 40-59 years, majority (63.3%) of them were females, 69.2% had formal education, 51.7% had 6-10 years farming experience, 62.5% had household size of 6-10 persons, 70% did not belong to cooperative society, 88.3% of them had farm size between 0.1-0.9 ha, 76.7% did not have access to credit and 74.2% also did not have extension contact. A mean technical efficiency of 67% was recorded. The results imply that the average efficiency of cassava production could be improved by 33% through better use of existing resources and technology. The result showed that the return to scale was 1.306.The gamma coefficient was 0.86, implying that 86% of variation of cassava output from the production frontier was accounted by the technical inefficiency of the farmers. The major factors which influenced the farmers technical efficiency were farm size, planting material and capital while farming experience, level of education, access to credit, gender, age of farmer and household size exerted a significant effect on their inefficiency level. The major problems faced by the farmers were inadequate finance, inaccessibility to credit, inadequate access to improved varieties and high cost of inputs. The study deduced that the gross margin and net farm incomes were N155,726.34 a and N147,464.84 with BCR of N2.38, suggesting that cassava production is profitable. It is recommended that more farmers should venture into cassava production as a means of wealth creation and employment generation.

References

  • Agbontale, A. O. And Issa, F.O 2011. Agricultural knowledge information system (AKIS) in Nigeria: practice, challenges and solutions. Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1/2):66-74. Ahmed-Hameed, A and Sharkdam, W. 2017. Leading Pan-Africanism and Development: Nigeria’s Role in the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).IUP Journal of International Relations; Hyderabad, 11(4):49-73. Akerele, E.O., Onasanya, A.S., Dada, O.M and Odio, A.F. 2018. Technical Efficiency of Ofada Rice Producers in Ogun State, Nigeria. KIU Journal of Humanities, 3(3): 125–138. Anyanwu, C.N., Ibeto, C.N., Ezeoha, S.L and Ogbuagu, N.J. 2015. Sustainability of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as industrial feedstock, energy and food crop in Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 81:745-752. Battese, GE and Coelli, T.J. 1995. “A Model for, Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontiers Production Function for Panel Data”. Empirical Economics, 20: 325-332. Berhanu, K and Beliyu, L 2015. Women Farmers in Practices: Opportunities and Challenges in Accessing Potato Production Technologies in Welmera Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, 6(3): 149-157. Coelli, T.J. 1996. “A Guide to Frontier Version 4.Ic: a Computer Programme for Stochastic Frontier’ Production and Cost Function Estimation”. Working Paper 96/07, Centre’ for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale, Australia. Durojaiye A. M. and Ogunjinmi O. O 2015. Technical Efficiency Analysis of Mechanized Cassava Farmers in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Global Journal Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences,4 (3):113-117. Ekunwe, P.A ., Henri-Ukoha, A and Emmanuel, R. 2018. Technical Efficiency and Return to Scale in Yam Production in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Advances in Research, 15(2): 1-9. Ezeibe, A. B., Edafiogho, D. O , Okonkwo, N. A and Okide, C. C. 2015.Gender differences and challenges in cassava production and processing in Abia State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(22): 2259-2266. Fan, M., Shen, J., Yuan, L.,, Jiang, R., Chen., X., Davis, W.J and Zhang, F. 2012. Improving crop productivity and resource use efficiency to ensure food security and environmental quality in China. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(1):13–24 FAO 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistical Database _ FAOSTAT, http://faostat.fao.org/; 2013 (Accessed 24 August 2018). Girei A. A., B. Dire, R. M. Yuguda, and M. Salihu. 2014. Analysis of Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Cassava Production in Ardo-Kola and Gassol Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3(1): 1- 5.
  • Idrisa, Y.L.; Shehu, H. and Ngamdu, M.B. 2012. Effect of Adoption of improved maize seed on household food security in Gwoza Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria. Global Journal, 12( 5). IITA (2010). Post Harvest Technology Annual report. pp. 62-80. Issa, F. O., Kagbu, J. H, and Abdulkadir, S .2016. Analysis of socio-economic factors influencing farmers’ adoption of improved maize production practices in Ikara local government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 16( 2): 15-24. Kamaljit, K and Preeti. A. 2017. Cassava as Potential Crop for the Food and Fermentation Industry: A review. International Journal of Food Fermentation Technology, 7(1): 1-12. Komolafe, S. E., Adeseji, G. B. and Ajibola, B.O. 2014. Determinant of adoption of improved crop practices among women farmers in Ekiti East L.G.A. of Ekiti, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(2): 22-31. Krishna, H. K., Mishra, A and Mohanty, S. 2016. Impact of land ownership on productivity and efficiency of rice farmers: The case of the Philippines. Land Use Policy, 50:371-378 Kumbhakar, S. C and Lovell, C. A. K. 2000. Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Nmadu, J.N., Halima, S and Omojeso, B.V. 2015. Socio-economic factors affecting adoption of innovations by cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 3 (2):58-66. Ogunyinka, E.O. and Ajibefun, I.A. 2003. Determinants of Technical Inefficiency of Farm Production: Tobit Analysis Approach to the NDE Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6 (2): 355-358. Ojimba, T.P .2017. Cost of Production and Resource – Use Efficiency among Small Scale Cassava Farmers in Igbo Etche Rivers State, Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 5 (12):390-400. Onyedicachi, A. C. 2015. The effect of social capital on access to micro credit among rural farming households in Abia State, Nigeria. Agrosearch 15(1): 59 – 75. Onyenwoke C. A and Simonyan K. J. 2014. African Journal of Agricultural Research Cassava post-harvest processing and storage in Nigeria: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(53):3853-3863. Osun T, Ogundijo S. D. and Bolariwa K.O. 2014. Technical Efficiency Analysis of Cassava Production in Nigeria; Implication for Increased Productivity and Competitiveness. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(11):569-576. Yakubu, M and Akanegbu, B. 2015. Neglecting agriculture and its consequences to the Nigerian economy: an analytical synthesis. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3 (3) :18-27.

Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 21 - 31, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.693249

Abstract

The study empirically examines the production efficiency of cassava farmers in Delta State, Nigeria, using stochastic frontier analysis. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 farmers. The result showed that 68.3% of cassava farmers fell within the age range of 40-59 years, majority (63.3%) of them were females, 69.2% had formal education, 51.7% had 6-10 years farming experience, 62.5% had household size of 6-10 persons, 70% did not belong to cooperative society, 88.3% of them had farm size between 0.1-0.9 ha, 76.7% did not have access to credit and 74.2% also did not have extension contact. A mean technical efficiency of 67% was recorded. The results imply that the average efficiency of cassava production could be improved by 33% through better use of existing resources and technology. The result showed that the return to scale was 1.306.The gamma coefficient was 0.86, implying that 86% of variation of cassava output from the production frontier was accounted by the technical inefficiency of the farmers. The major factors which influenced the farmers technical efficiency were farm size, planting material and capital while farming experience, level of education, access to credit, gender, age of farmer and household size exerted a significant effect on their inefficiency level. The major problems faced by the farmers were inadequate finance, inaccessibility to credit, inadequate access to improved varieties and high cost of inputs. The study deduced that the gross margin and net farm incomes were N155,726.34 a and N147,464.84 with BCR of N2.38, suggesting that cassava production is profitable. It is recommended that more farmers should venture into cassava production as a means of wealth creation and employment generation.

References

  • Agbontale, A. O. And Issa, F.O 2011. Agricultural knowledge information system (AKIS) in Nigeria: practice, challenges and solutions. Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1/2):66-74. Ahmed-Hameed, A and Sharkdam, W. 2017. Leading Pan-Africanism and Development: Nigeria’s Role in the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).IUP Journal of International Relations; Hyderabad, 11(4):49-73. Akerele, E.O., Onasanya, A.S., Dada, O.M and Odio, A.F. 2018. Technical Efficiency of Ofada Rice Producers in Ogun State, Nigeria. KIU Journal of Humanities, 3(3): 125–138. Anyanwu, C.N., Ibeto, C.N., Ezeoha, S.L and Ogbuagu, N.J. 2015. Sustainability of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as industrial feedstock, energy and food crop in Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 81:745-752. Battese, GE and Coelli, T.J. 1995. “A Model for, Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontiers Production Function for Panel Data”. Empirical Economics, 20: 325-332. Berhanu, K and Beliyu, L 2015. Women Farmers in Practices: Opportunities and Challenges in Accessing Potato Production Technologies in Welmera Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, 6(3): 149-157. Coelli, T.J. 1996. “A Guide to Frontier Version 4.Ic: a Computer Programme for Stochastic Frontier’ Production and Cost Function Estimation”. Working Paper 96/07, Centre’ for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale, Australia. Durojaiye A. M. and Ogunjinmi O. O 2015. Technical Efficiency Analysis of Mechanized Cassava Farmers in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Global Journal Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences,4 (3):113-117. Ekunwe, P.A ., Henri-Ukoha, A and Emmanuel, R. 2018. Technical Efficiency and Return to Scale in Yam Production in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Advances in Research, 15(2): 1-9. Ezeibe, A. B., Edafiogho, D. O , Okonkwo, N. A and Okide, C. C. 2015.Gender differences and challenges in cassava production and processing in Abia State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(22): 2259-2266. Fan, M., Shen, J., Yuan, L.,, Jiang, R., Chen., X., Davis, W.J and Zhang, F. 2012. Improving crop productivity and resource use efficiency to ensure food security and environmental quality in China. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(1):13–24 FAO 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Statistical Database _ FAOSTAT, http://faostat.fao.org/; 2013 (Accessed 24 August 2018). Girei A. A., B. Dire, R. M. Yuguda, and M. Salihu. 2014. Analysis of Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Cassava Production in Ardo-Kola and Gassol Local Government Areas of Taraba State, Nigeria. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3(1): 1- 5.
  • Idrisa, Y.L.; Shehu, H. and Ngamdu, M.B. 2012. Effect of Adoption of improved maize seed on household food security in Gwoza Local Government Area of Borno State Nigeria. Global Journal, 12( 5). IITA (2010). Post Harvest Technology Annual report. pp. 62-80. Issa, F. O., Kagbu, J. H, and Abdulkadir, S .2016. Analysis of socio-economic factors influencing farmers’ adoption of improved maize production practices in Ikara local government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 16( 2): 15-24. Kamaljit, K and Preeti. A. 2017. Cassava as Potential Crop for the Food and Fermentation Industry: A review. International Journal of Food Fermentation Technology, 7(1): 1-12. Komolafe, S. E., Adeseji, G. B. and Ajibola, B.O. 2014. Determinant of adoption of improved crop practices among women farmers in Ekiti East L.G.A. of Ekiti, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(2): 22-31. Krishna, H. K., Mishra, A and Mohanty, S. 2016. Impact of land ownership on productivity and efficiency of rice farmers: The case of the Philippines. Land Use Policy, 50:371-378 Kumbhakar, S. C and Lovell, C. A. K. 2000. Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Nmadu, J.N., Halima, S and Omojeso, B.V. 2015. Socio-economic factors affecting adoption of innovations by cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 3 (2):58-66. Ogunyinka, E.O. and Ajibefun, I.A. 2003. Determinants of Technical Inefficiency of Farm Production: Tobit Analysis Approach to the NDE Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6 (2): 355-358. Ojimba, T.P .2017. Cost of Production and Resource – Use Efficiency among Small Scale Cassava Farmers in Igbo Etche Rivers State, Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 5 (12):390-400. Onyedicachi, A. C. 2015. The effect of social capital on access to micro credit among rural farming households in Abia State, Nigeria. Agrosearch 15(1): 59 – 75. Onyenwoke C. A and Simonyan K. J. 2014. African Journal of Agricultural Research Cassava post-harvest processing and storage in Nigeria: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(53):3853-3863. Osun T, Ogundijo S. D. and Bolariwa K.O. 2014. Technical Efficiency Analysis of Cassava Production in Nigeria; Implication for Increased Productivity and Competitiveness. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(11):569-576. Yakubu, M and Akanegbu, B. 2015. Neglecting agriculture and its consequences to the Nigerian economy: an analytical synthesis. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3 (3) :18-27.
There are 2 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Theophilus Miebi Gbıgbı 0000-0002-1335-7231

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Submission Date February 26, 2020
Acceptance Date November 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gbıgbı, T. M. (2020). Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.693249
AMA Gbıgbı TM. Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis. JOTAF. December 2020;18(1):21-31. doi:10.33462/jotaf.693249
Chicago Gbıgbı, Theophilus Miebi. “Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 18, no. 1 (December 2020): 21-31. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.693249.
EndNote Gbıgbı TM (December 1, 2020) Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 1 21–31.
IEEE T. M. Gbıgbı, “Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis”, JOTAF, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 21–31, 2020, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.693249.
ISNAD Gbıgbı, Theophilus Miebi. “Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 18/1 (December 2020), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.693249.
JAMA Gbıgbı TM. Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis. JOTAF. 2020;18:21–31.
MLA Gbıgbı, Theophilus Miebi. “Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 1, 2020, pp. 21-31, doi:10.33462/jotaf.693249.
Vancouver Gbıgbı TM. Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Cassava Production in Delta State: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Analysis. JOTAF. 2020;18(1):21-3.