Research Article
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Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 261 - 272

Murat Evcil

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil (PSO) on chitosan-based films. The results showed that the addition of PSO slightly increased thickness, while significantly decreasing the moisture content, and solubility properties. The color values of the composite films containing PSO changed noticeably, with a tendency toward light brown, which was beneficial in resisting food decomposition caused by ultraviolet light. X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) results indicated that the addition of PSO affected the structure of the chitosan films, while the interaction between chitosan and polyphenols in PSO established new hydrogen bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the PSO-containing blend films was rougher compared to the chitosan control film, and the roughness increased as the PSO content in the blend films increased. Additionally, composite films that contained PSO had substantial antibacterial action, particularly against pathogenic E. coli. In short, the novel active chitosan-based films with incorporated PSO present broad application prospects in the packaging of fresh-cut meat or vegetables. Therefore, this study will also be beneficial in these areas.

Keywords

Chitosan film Pomegranate seed essential oil Edible film Antimicrobial Blend films

References

  • Adiba, A., Razouk, R., Haddioui, A., Ouaabou, R., Hamdani, A., Kouighat, M., & Hssaini, L. (2023). FTIR spectroscopy-based lipochemical fingerprints involved in pomegranate response to water stress. Heliyon, 9(6), e16687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16687
  • Bajić, M., Ročnik, T., Oberlintner, A., Scognamiglio, F., Novak, U., & Likozar, B. (2019). Natural plant extracts as active components in chitosan-based films: A comparative study. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 21, 100365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100365
  • Bof, M. J., Jiménez, A., Locaso, D. E., García, M. A., & Chiralt, A. (2016). Grapefruit Seed Extract and Lemon Essential Oil as Active Agents in Corn Starch–Chitosan Blend Films. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 9(12), 2033–2045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1789-8
  • Eroglu, E., & Girgin, S. N. (2021). A unique phenolic extraction method from olive oil macerate of Hypericum perforatum using DMSO: Assessment of in vitro anticancer activity, LC-MS/MS profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. South African Journal of Botany, 139, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.01.015
  • Evcil, M., & Karakaplan, M. (2022). Salicylaldehydediol Grafted onto Chitosan: Characterization and Their Film Properties. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 9(3), 879–888. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1084225
  • Ghaffari, A., Navaee, K., Oskoui, M., Bayati, K., & Rafiee-Tehrani, M. (2007). Preparation and characterization of free mixed-film of pectin/chitosan/Eudragit® RS intended for sigmoidal drug delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 67(1), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.01.013
  • Hafsa, J., Smach, M. ali, Ben Khedher, M. R., Charfeddine, B., Limem, K., Majdoub, H., & Rouatbi, S. (2016). Physical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films containing Eucalyptus globulus essential oil. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 68, 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.050
  • Haghighi, H., Biard, S., Bigi, F., De Leo, R., Bedin, E., Pfeifer, F., … Pulvirenti, A. (2019). Comprehensive characterization of active chitosan-gelatin blend films enriched with different essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 95, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.019
  • Hosseini, S. F., Ghaderi, J., & Gómez-Guillén, M. C. (2021). trans-Cinnamaldehyde-doped quadripartite biopolymeric films: Rheological behavior of film-forming solutions and biofunctional performance of films. Food Hydrocolloids, 112, 106339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106339
  • K., R., G., B., Banat, F., Show, P. L., & Cocoletzi, H. H. (2019). Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126, 1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196
  • Kanmani, P., & Rhim, J.-W. (2014). Properties and characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with various biopolymers and ZnO nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 106, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007
  • Khezrian, A., & Shahbazi, Y. (2018). Application of nanocompostie chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose films containing natural preservative compounds in minced camel’s meat. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 1146–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.117
  • Khoddami, A., Man, Y. B. C., & Roberts, T. H. (2014). Physico‐chemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oils from pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) extracted by cold pressing. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(5), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300416
  • Li, Z., Lin, S., An, S., Liu, L., Hu, Y., & Wan, L. (2019). Preparation, characterization and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of chitosan packaging films incorporated with turmeric essential oil. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 131, 420–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.169
  • Liu, J., Meng, C., Yan, Y., Shan, Y., Kan, J., & Jin, C. (2016). Protocatechuic acid grafted onto chitosan: Characterization and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 89, 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.089
  • Liu, T., Liu, L., Gong, X., Chi, F., & Ma, Z. (2021). Fabrication and comparison of active films from chitosan incorporating different spice extracts for shelf life extension of refrigerated pork. LWT, 135, 110181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110181
  • Liu, T., Wang, J., Chi, F., Tan, Z., & Liu, L. (2020). Development and Characterization of Novel Active Chitosan Films Containing Fennel and Peppermint Essential Oils. Coatings, 10(10), 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100936
  • McClements, D. J. (2004). Food Emulsions. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420039436
  • Mohammadi, M., Mirabzadeh, S., Shahvalizadeh, R., & Hamishehkar, H. (2020). Development of novel active packaging films based on whey protein isolate incorporated with chitosan nanofiber and nano-formulated cinnamon oil. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 149, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.083
  • Mouhoub, A., Raouan, S. E., Guendouz, A., El Alaoui-Talibi, Z., Koraichi, S. I., El Abed, S., … El Modafar, C. (2022). Antiadhesion effect of the chitosan-based film incorporated with essential oils against foodborne bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 189, 115742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115742
  • Nguyen, L. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, H. N., & Bui, Q. T. P. (2020). Simultaneous determination of active compounds in Piper betle Linn. leaf extract and effect of extracting solvents on bioactivity. Engineering Reports, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12246
  • Pacheco, N., Naal-Ek, M. G., Ayora-Talavera, T., Shirai, K., Román-Guerrero, A., Fabela-Morón, M. F., & Cuevas-Bernardino, J. C. (2019). Effect of bio-chemical chitosan and gallic acid into rheology and physicochemical properties of ternary edible films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 125, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.060
  • Paul, A., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2020). Pomegranate seed oil in food industry: Extraction, characterization, and applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 105, 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.014
  • Rauf, A., Imran, M., Abu-Izneid, T., Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Patel, S., Pan, X., … Rasul Suleria, H. A. (2019). Proanthocyanidins: A comprehensive review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 116, 108999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108999
  • Rempe, C. S., Burris, K. P., Lenaghan, S. C., & Stewart, C. N. (2017). The Potential of Systems Biology to Discover Antibacterial Mechanisms of Plant Phenolics. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00422
  • Silva, A., Silva, V., Igrejas, G., Gaivão, I., Aires, A., Klibi, N., … Poeta, P. (2021). Valorization of Winemaking By-Products as a Novel Source of Antibacterial Properties: New Strategies to Fight Antibiotic Resistance. Molecules, 26(8), 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082331
  • Wali, A. F., Al Dhaheri, Y., Ramakrishna Pillai, J., Mushtaq, A., Rao, P. G. M., Rabbani, S. A., … Farraj, D. A. Al. (2020). LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract. Separations, 7(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7040054
  • Wang, L.-F., & Rhim, J.-W. (2015). Preparation and application of agar/alginate/collagen ternary blend functional food packaging films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 80, 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.007
  • Xue, F., Zhao, M., Liu, X., Chu, R., Qiao, Z., Li, C., & Adhikari, B. (2021). Physicochemical properties of chitosan/zein/essential oil emulsion-based active films functionalized by polyphenols. Future Foods, 3, 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100033
  • Yang, Z., Li, L., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., & Bao, G. (2022). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature‐based molecular networking. Phytochemical Analysis, 33(3), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3103

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 261 - 272

Murat Evcil

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3

Abstract

References

  • Adiba, A., Razouk, R., Haddioui, A., Ouaabou, R., Hamdani, A., Kouighat, M., & Hssaini, L. (2023). FTIR spectroscopy-based lipochemical fingerprints involved in pomegranate response to water stress. Heliyon, 9(6), e16687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16687
  • Bajić, M., Ročnik, T., Oberlintner, A., Scognamiglio, F., Novak, U., & Likozar, B. (2019). Natural plant extracts as active components in chitosan-based films: A comparative study. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 21, 100365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100365
  • Bof, M. J., Jiménez, A., Locaso, D. E., García, M. A., & Chiralt, A. (2016). Grapefruit Seed Extract and Lemon Essential Oil as Active Agents in Corn Starch–Chitosan Blend Films. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 9(12), 2033–2045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1789-8
  • Eroglu, E., & Girgin, S. N. (2021). A unique phenolic extraction method from olive oil macerate of Hypericum perforatum using DMSO: Assessment of in vitro anticancer activity, LC-MS/MS profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. South African Journal of Botany, 139, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.01.015
  • Evcil, M., & Karakaplan, M. (2022). Salicylaldehydediol Grafted onto Chitosan: Characterization and Their Film Properties. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 9(3), 879–888. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1084225
  • Ghaffari, A., Navaee, K., Oskoui, M., Bayati, K., & Rafiee-Tehrani, M. (2007). Preparation and characterization of free mixed-film of pectin/chitosan/Eudragit® RS intended for sigmoidal drug delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 67(1), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.01.013
  • Hafsa, J., Smach, M. ali, Ben Khedher, M. R., Charfeddine, B., Limem, K., Majdoub, H., & Rouatbi, S. (2016). Physical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films containing Eucalyptus globulus essential oil. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 68, 356–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.050
  • Haghighi, H., Biard, S., Bigi, F., De Leo, R., Bedin, E., Pfeifer, F., … Pulvirenti, A. (2019). Comprehensive characterization of active chitosan-gelatin blend films enriched with different essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 95, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.019
  • Hosseini, S. F., Ghaderi, J., & Gómez-Guillén, M. C. (2021). trans-Cinnamaldehyde-doped quadripartite biopolymeric films: Rheological behavior of film-forming solutions and biofunctional performance of films. Food Hydrocolloids, 112, 106339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106339
  • K., R., G., B., Banat, F., Show, P. L., & Cocoletzi, H. H. (2019). Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126, 1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196
  • Kanmani, P., & Rhim, J.-W. (2014). Properties and characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with various biopolymers and ZnO nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 106, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007
  • Khezrian, A., & Shahbazi, Y. (2018). Application of nanocompostie chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose films containing natural preservative compounds in minced camel’s meat. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 1146–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.117
  • Khoddami, A., Man, Y. B. C., & Roberts, T. H. (2014). Physico‐chemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oils from pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) extracted by cold pressing. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 116(5), 553–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300416
  • Li, Z., Lin, S., An, S., Liu, L., Hu, Y., & Wan, L. (2019). Preparation, characterization and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of chitosan packaging films incorporated with turmeric essential oil. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 131, 420–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.169
  • Liu, J., Meng, C., Yan, Y., Shan, Y., Kan, J., & Jin, C. (2016). Protocatechuic acid grafted onto chitosan: Characterization and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 89, 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.089
  • Liu, T., Liu, L., Gong, X., Chi, F., & Ma, Z. (2021). Fabrication and comparison of active films from chitosan incorporating different spice extracts for shelf life extension of refrigerated pork. LWT, 135, 110181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110181
  • Liu, T., Wang, J., Chi, F., Tan, Z., & Liu, L. (2020). Development and Characterization of Novel Active Chitosan Films Containing Fennel and Peppermint Essential Oils. Coatings, 10(10), 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100936
  • McClements, D. J. (2004). Food Emulsions. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420039436
  • Mohammadi, M., Mirabzadeh, S., Shahvalizadeh, R., & Hamishehkar, H. (2020). Development of novel active packaging films based on whey protein isolate incorporated with chitosan nanofiber and nano-formulated cinnamon oil. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 149, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.083
  • Mouhoub, A., Raouan, S. E., Guendouz, A., El Alaoui-Talibi, Z., Koraichi, S. I., El Abed, S., … El Modafar, C. (2022). Antiadhesion effect of the chitosan-based film incorporated with essential oils against foodborne bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 189, 115742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115742
  • Nguyen, L. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, H. N., & Bui, Q. T. P. (2020). Simultaneous determination of active compounds in Piper betle Linn. leaf extract and effect of extracting solvents on bioactivity. Engineering Reports, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12246
  • Pacheco, N., Naal-Ek, M. G., Ayora-Talavera, T., Shirai, K., Román-Guerrero, A., Fabela-Morón, M. F., & Cuevas-Bernardino, J. C. (2019). Effect of bio-chemical chitosan and gallic acid into rheology and physicochemical properties of ternary edible films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 125, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.060
  • Paul, A., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2020). Pomegranate seed oil in food industry: Extraction, characterization, and applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 105, 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.014
  • Rauf, A., Imran, M., Abu-Izneid, T., Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Patel, S., Pan, X., … Rasul Suleria, H. A. (2019). Proanthocyanidins: A comprehensive review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 116, 108999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108999
  • Rempe, C. S., Burris, K. P., Lenaghan, S. C., & Stewart, C. N. (2017). The Potential of Systems Biology to Discover Antibacterial Mechanisms of Plant Phenolics. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00422
  • Silva, A., Silva, V., Igrejas, G., Gaivão, I., Aires, A., Klibi, N., … Poeta, P. (2021). Valorization of Winemaking By-Products as a Novel Source of Antibacterial Properties: New Strategies to Fight Antibiotic Resistance. Molecules, 26(8), 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082331
  • Wali, A. F., Al Dhaheri, Y., Ramakrishna Pillai, J., Mushtaq, A., Rao, P. G. M., Rabbani, S. A., … Farraj, D. A. Al. (2020). LC-MS Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata Extract. Separations, 7(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7040054
  • Wang, L.-F., & Rhim, J.-W. (2015). Preparation and application of agar/alginate/collagen ternary blend functional food packaging films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 80, 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.007
  • Xue, F., Zhao, M., Liu, X., Chu, R., Qiao, Z., Li, C., & Adhikari, B. (2021). Physicochemical properties of chitosan/zein/essential oil emulsion-based active films functionalized by polyphenols. Future Foods, 3, 100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100033
  • Yang, Z., Li, L., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., & Bao, G. (2022). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature‐based molecular networking. Phytochemical Analysis, 33(3), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3103
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Biotechnology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Evcil 0000-0002-4646-8042

Early Pub Date May 2, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date February 21, 2024
Acceptance Date April 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Evcil, M. (2024). Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 8(2), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3
AMA Evcil M. Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. May 2024;8(2):261-272. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3
Chicago Evcil, Murat. “Production of a Novel Biodegradable Film Made from Chitosan and Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Seed Essential Oil”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 2024): 261-72. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3.
EndNote Evcil M (May 1, 2024) Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 8 2 261–272.
IEEE M. Evcil, “Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 261–272, 2024, doi: 10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3.
ISNAD Evcil, Murat. “Production of a Novel Biodegradable Film Made from Chitosan and Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Seed Essential Oil”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 8/2 (May 2024), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3.
JAMA Evcil M. Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2024;8:261–272.
MLA Evcil, Murat. “Production of a Novel Biodegradable Film Made from Chitosan and Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Seed Essential Oil”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, 2024, pp. 261-72, doi:10.31015/jaefs.2024.2.3.
Vancouver Evcil M. Production of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed essential oil. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2024;8(2):261-72.
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