Abstract
Haruki Murakami, hipermetin ögelerini bir anlatı stratejisi olarak kullanır ve hikâyelerinde başka metinlere atıf yaparken sıklıkla anlatıcı karakterlere yer verir. Bu karakterlerin ikincil anlatıları ve başka metinlere yaptığı göndermeler çerçeve anlatı içinde önemli, hatta temel roller üstlenir. Bu makale, The Beatles’ın “Yesterday” şarkısı ile Binbir Gece Masalları’nın hipermetinleri olan Murakami’nin Dün (Yesterday) ve Şehrazad (Scheherazade) adlı kurgu anlatılarını hipermetinsellik, aksiyonel anlatım ve anlatı terapisi perspektifinden analiz etmektedir. Genette ve Rimmon-Kenan’ın anlatı teorilerinden yararlanan çalışma, başka metinlere (hypotekst) göndermeler yapan iki metinde anlatıcı karakterlerin anlatımlarının aksiyonel işlevini irdelemektedir. Çalışma, örtük yazarın iki hipermetin anlatısında, günlük yaşamın uzağında, soyutlanmış yaşamlar süren anlatısal sağaltım arayışındaki hikâye anlatıcılarını nasıl resmettiğini ve bu anlatıcıların sıradan görünen derin sorunları hikâye anlatarak nasıl aştıklarını incelemektedir. Tartışma iki hikâye anlatıcısına odaklanır: örtük yazarın ikinci benliği olarak karşımıza çıkan karakter-anlatıcı ve deneyimsel yaşam öyküleri anlatarak var olan bir kadın hikâye anlatıcısı. Çalışma, her iki hikâye anlatıcısının da deneyimlerini sözlü anlatıma dönüştürmeye; belleği onarmak için hikâye anlatmaya ve hikâye anlatma performansına arzu duyduğunu savlamaktadır. Buna göre, hikâyeler ve diğer metinlere yapılan atıf ve anıştırmalar, karakterlerin hikâye anlatımının altındaki motivasyonu açıklayan önemli parçalardır ve anlatıların asıl temasına hizmet etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu hikâyeler aynı zamanda hikâye anlatımının günlük deneyimi anlatılmaya değer özel bir şeye dönüştürüp dönüştüremeyeceği konusunda hikâye anlatımının imkânlarını araştırmaktadır.
References
- Allen, G. (2000). Intertextuality. London: Routledge.
- Aronson, L., Tenenbaum, S. & Roures, J. (Producers) & Allen, W. (Director). (2011). Midnight in Paris. United States: Versatil Cinema.
- Chambers, R. (1984). Story and situation: narrative seduction and the power of fiction. Minneapolis: Manchester University Press.Coleredge, S. T. (1982 [1878) The rime of the ancient mariner. New York: Dover Publishing.
- Eco, U. (1989). The open work. Trans. A. Cancogni. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Genette, G. (1982) Narrative discourse: an essay in method. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Genette, G. (1992 [1979]) The Architext. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Genette, G. (1997 [1982]) Palympsests, narrative in the second degree. Trans. C. Newman & C. Doubinsky. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Irwin, R. (2004). The Arabian Nights: A companion. London: Tauris Park Paperbacks.
- Joyce, J. (2016 [1922]). Ulysses. London: Penguin.
- Jullien, D. (2019). Bridge Essay: Orientalia. A Companion to World Literature. Ed. K. Seigneurie. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Kristeva, J. (1989). Black sun: depression and melancholia. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Mathers, E.P., Ed. (2004 [1964]). The book of the thousand nights and one night (vol. 1), London: Routledge.
- Strecher, M.C. & Thomas, P.L. Eds. (2016) Haruki Murakami. Critical literacy teaching series: challenging authors and genres. Rotterdam. Sense Publishers.
- McCartney, P. & Lennon, J. (1965). Yesterday [Lyrics]. On the album Help!. Retrieved from https://genius.com/The-beatles-yesterday-lyrics
- Mukherjee, S. & Swamy, S.K. (2019). Redefining Masculinity in Haruki in Murakami’s Men Without Women. Shanlax International Journal of English, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67–70.
- Murakami, H. (2010) “Reality A and reality B. New York Times.” Global Agenda 29 Oct. 2010.
- Murakami, H. (2017 [2014]) Men without women. Trans. Philip Gabriel. New York: Vintage.
- Murakami, H. (2000). Norwegian wood. Trans. Jay Rubin. New York: Vintage Vintage.
- Murakami, H. (2005). Kafka on the Shore. Trans. Philip Gabriel. New York: Vintage.
- Poole, S. (2011). “1Q84 by Haruki Murakami – Review.” Guardian 18 Oct. 2011.
- Rimmon-Kenan, S. (2002 [1983]) Narrative fiction: contemporary poetics. London: Routledge.
- Strecher, M. (2002). Dances with sheep: The quest for identity in the fiction of Murakami Haruki.
- Michigan, MI: University of Michigan.
- Yeung, H. (2014). More than the Sum of its Parts’: Popular Music, Gender, and Myth in Haruki Murakami’s Fiction. Transnational Literature, Vol. 7 no. 1, November Issue.
- Yeung, V. (2016): Stories Within Stories: A Study of Narrative Embedding in Haruki Murakami’s 1Q84, Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction.
- Waugh, P. (1994). Metafiction: The theory and practice of self-conscious fiction. London: Methuen.
Abstract
Haruki Murakami uses hypertextual elements as a narrative strategy and frequently represents storyteller characters whose embedded stories have critical –and core– roles in the frame narrative. This article analyses Murakami’s fictional narratives Yesterday and Scheherazade, the hypertexts of The Beatles’ “Yesterday” and One Thousand and One Nights, from the perspective of hypertextuality, actional storytelling and narrative therapy. Drawing on narrative theories of Genette and Rimmon-Kenan, it examines how the implied author explores actional function in two hypertextual narratives, making references to the previous texts (hypotexts) and representing the storytellers in search of narrative relief in a far-fetched world of everyday life with seemingly trivial problems. The discussion focuses on two storytellers: the character-narrator as the second self of the implied author and a female storyteller living on the experiential tales of life. It argues that both storytellers exhibit a desire to narrate to transform their experiences into verbal expression and to repair their episodic memory through the act of storytelling. The study shows that the characters’ stories and the references and allusions to other texts are essential parts accounting for the character’s motivation beneath the storytelling and presents the central theme of the narratives. These stories additionally explore the power of storytelling as to whether storytelling can transform the everyday experience into something special worth telling.
References
- Allen, G. (2000). Intertextuality. London: Routledge.
- Aronson, L., Tenenbaum, S. & Roures, J. (Producers) & Allen, W. (Director). (2011). Midnight in Paris. United States: Versatil Cinema.
- Chambers, R. (1984). Story and situation: narrative seduction and the power of fiction. Minneapolis: Manchester University Press.Coleredge, S. T. (1982 [1878) The rime of the ancient mariner. New York: Dover Publishing.
- Eco, U. (1989). The open work. Trans. A. Cancogni. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Genette, G. (1982) Narrative discourse: an essay in method. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Genette, G. (1992 [1979]) The Architext. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Genette, G. (1997 [1982]) Palympsests, narrative in the second degree. Trans. C. Newman & C. Doubinsky. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Irwin, R. (2004). The Arabian Nights: A companion. London: Tauris Park Paperbacks.
- Joyce, J. (2016 [1922]). Ulysses. London: Penguin.
- Jullien, D. (2019). Bridge Essay: Orientalia. A Companion to World Literature. Ed. K. Seigneurie. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Kristeva, J. (1989). Black sun: depression and melancholia. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Mathers, E.P., Ed. (2004 [1964]). The book of the thousand nights and one night (vol. 1), London: Routledge.
- Strecher, M.C. & Thomas, P.L. Eds. (2016) Haruki Murakami. Critical literacy teaching series: challenging authors and genres. Rotterdam. Sense Publishers.
- McCartney, P. & Lennon, J. (1965). Yesterday [Lyrics]. On the album Help!. Retrieved from https://genius.com/The-beatles-yesterday-lyrics
- Mukherjee, S. & Swamy, S.K. (2019). Redefining Masculinity in Haruki in Murakami’s Men Without Women. Shanlax International Journal of English, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67–70.
- Murakami, H. (2010) “Reality A and reality B. New York Times.” Global Agenda 29 Oct. 2010.
- Murakami, H. (2017 [2014]) Men without women. Trans. Philip Gabriel. New York: Vintage.
- Murakami, H. (2000). Norwegian wood. Trans. Jay Rubin. New York: Vintage Vintage.
- Murakami, H. (2005). Kafka on the Shore. Trans. Philip Gabriel. New York: Vintage.
- Poole, S. (2011). “1Q84 by Haruki Murakami – Review.” Guardian 18 Oct. 2011.
- Rimmon-Kenan, S. (2002 [1983]) Narrative fiction: contemporary poetics. London: Routledge.
- Strecher, M. (2002). Dances with sheep: The quest for identity in the fiction of Murakami Haruki.
- Michigan, MI: University of Michigan.
- Yeung, H. (2014). More than the Sum of its Parts’: Popular Music, Gender, and Myth in Haruki Murakami’s Fiction. Transnational Literature, Vol. 7 no. 1, November Issue.
- Yeung, V. (2016): Stories Within Stories: A Study of Narrative Embedding in Haruki Murakami’s 1Q84, Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction.
- Waugh, P. (1994). Metafiction: The theory and practice of self-conscious fiction. London: Methuen.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Creative Arts and Writing |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 23, 2021 |
| Submission Date | January 31, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 |
