Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 286 - 294, 21.10.2025
Abstract
References
- Amenyogbe, E., Droepenu, E.K., Ayisi, C.L., Boamah, G.A., Duker, R.Q., Emmanuel Delwin Abarike, E.D., & Huang, J.S. (2024). Impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in fish farming: current insights and future perspectives. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1368436
- Asha, A.A., Haque, M.M., Hossain, M.K., Hasan, M., Abul Bashar, A., Zahid Hasan, Z., Shohan, M.H., Farin, N.N., Schneider, P., & Bablee, A.L. (2024). Effects of commercial probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal histomorphology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc technology (BFT). Biology, 26,13(5), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050299
- Assan, D., Kofi, F., Kuebutornye, A., Hlordzi, V., Chen, H., Mraz, J., Mustapha, U.F., & Abarike, E.D. (2022). Effects of probiotics on digestive enzymes of fish (finfish and shellfish); status and prospects: A mini review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 257, 110653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110653
- Bagheri, T., Hedayati, S.A., Yavari, V., Alizade, M. & Ali Farzanfar, A. (2008). Growth, survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry given diet supplemented with probiotic during the two months of first feeding. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8, 43–48.
- Balcazar, J.L., Blas, I., Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Cunningham, D., Vendrell, D. & Muzquiz, J.L. (2006). The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary Microbiology, 114, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.009
- Deekshit, V.K., Maiti, B., Kumar, B.K., Kotian, A., Pinto, G., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G., Karunasagar, I. & Karunasagar, I. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens and alternative risk mitigation strategies. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15 (1), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12715
- Denstadli, V., Hillestad, M., Verlhac, V., Klausen, M. & Øverland, M. (2011). Enzyme pretreatment of fibrous ingredients for carnivorous fish: Effects on nutrient utilisation and technical feed quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) full issue. Aquaculture, 319(3–4), 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.012
- El-Kady, A.A., I. Magouz, F.I., Mahmoud, S.A. &. Abdel-Rahim, M. (2022). The effects of some commercial probiotics as water additive on water quality, fish performance, blood biochemical parameters, expression of growth and immune-related genes, and histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 546, 737249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737249
- FAO FishStat database (2024). FishStatJ, a tool for fishery statistics analysis. Release: 4.03.03 FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Statistics and Information Branch. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/countrysector/naso_turkey (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
- Fečkaninová , A., Koščová, J., Popelka, P. & Toropilová, J. (2017).The use of probiotic bacteria against Aeromonas infections in salmonid aquaculture. Aquaculture, 469(20), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.11.042
- Fregeneda-Grandes, J.M., González-Palacios, C., Pérez-Sánchez, T., Padilla, D., Real, F. & Aller-Gancedo, J.M. (2023). Limited Probiotic Effect of Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacilus plantarum CLFP3 to Protect Rainbow Trout against Saprolegniosis. Animals, 6, 13(5), 954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050954
- Gamoori, R., Rashidian, G., Ahangarzadeh, M., Najafabadi, M., Dashtebozorg, M., Mohammadi, Y., & Morshedi, V. (2023). Improvement of water quality with probiotics inclusion during simulated transport of Yellowfin Seabream Acanthopagrus latus larvae. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 35, 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10204
- Gonzales-Palacios, C., Fregeneda-Grandes, J.M. & Aller-Gancedo, J.M. (2018). Biocontrol of saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using two bacterial isolates (LE89 and LE141) of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(2), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12928
- Hasaan, M.S., Mohammady, E.Y., Soaudy, M.R., Palma, J., Shawer, E.E. & El-Haroun, E. (2020). The effect of dietary sericite on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota and haematological parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 262, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114400.
- Huss, H.H. (1988). Fresh Fish Quality and Quality Changes. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Roma, pp. 128. ISBN 92-5-102395-6. https://www.fao.org/4/v7180e/v7180e00.htm (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
- Korkut, A.Y., Kop, A., Demirtaş, N. & Cihaner, A. (2007). Balık beslemede gelişim performansının izlenme yöntemleri. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24(1-2), 201–205.
- Kristiansen, M., Merrifield, D.L., Jose, L., Vecino, G., Myklebust, R. & Ringø, E. (2011). Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1-009
- Liang, Q., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Lio, E., Zhang, F., Mou, H. & Secundo, F. (2022). Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture. Marine Life Science & Technology 4, 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-022-00128-z
- Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S.H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2020). Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 943–965. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12365
- Marco, G., Tiziana Cappello, T. & Maisano, M. (2023). Histomorphological changes in fish gut in response to prebiotics and probiotics treatment to improve their health status: A review. Animals,13, 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182860
- Merrifield, D.L., Dimitroglou, A., Foey, A., Davies, S.J., Baker, R.T. & Bøgwald, J. (2010). The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302(1-2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007
- Redhwan, A., Eissa, E.H., Ezzo, O.H., Abdelgeliel, A.S., Munir, M.B., Khan Chowdhury, A.J., Kari, Z.A., Syafaat, M.N., Suryani, A.E., Moaheda, E.H., Eissa, M.H., & Abd Al-Kareem, O.M. (2024). Effects of water additive mixed probiotics on water quality, growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical analyses and disease resistance against Aeromonas sobria of Nile tilapia. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, 100480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100480 Simón, R., Docando, F., Núñez-Ortiz, N., Tafalla, C. & Díaz-Rosales, P. (2021). Mechanisms used by probiotics to confer pathogen resistance to Teleost Fish. Frontiers in Immunology, 27(12), 653025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653025
- Sunitha, K. & Krishna, P.V. (2016). Efficacy of probiotics in water quality and bacterial biochemical characterization of fish ponds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.509.004
- Süzer, C., Çoban, D., Kamacı, O.H., Saka, S., Fırat, K., Otgucuoglu, O., Küçüksarı, H. (2008). Lactobacillus spp. bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280, 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.020
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2024). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2024-54193 (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
Investigation of the effect of a commercial probiotic-based product containing enzymes on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Abstract
In this study, the aim was to test the effect of a candidate biotechnological product developed by a commercial company and containing different probiotic bacteria and enzymes on juvenile rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and water quality. The product's protective effect against fungal infections in fish eggs and the pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila was also investigated, as were its effects on the fish's intestinal tissue. Fifty fish were placed in aquariums in two experimental setups (A and B). Different doses of the product were added to the feed in Group A and water for the fish in Group B. Four different bath doses (d1-d4) of the product were applied to fish in Group B. At the end of the study, fish in Group A demonstrated better health, growth, feed conversion, and survival rates, as well as water quality, compared to the other groups. The product was found to be effective in improving the fish's intestinal health, reducing fungal infections in their eggs, and preventing infection by A. hydrophila. The data obtained from this study aims to contribute to the development of our country's aquaculture sector.
Ethical Statement
The local ethics committee report was received at İstanbul University, Animal Experiment Local Ethic Committee Report at 2015/76 report number and 05.011.2015 report date.
References
- Amenyogbe, E., Droepenu, E.K., Ayisi, C.L., Boamah, G.A., Duker, R.Q., Emmanuel Delwin Abarike, E.D., & Huang, J.S. (2024). Impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in fish farming: current insights and future perspectives. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1368436
- Asha, A.A., Haque, M.M., Hossain, M.K., Hasan, M., Abul Bashar, A., Zahid Hasan, Z., Shohan, M.H., Farin, N.N., Schneider, P., & Bablee, A.L. (2024). Effects of commercial probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal histomorphology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc technology (BFT). Biology, 26,13(5), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050299
- Assan, D., Kofi, F., Kuebutornye, A., Hlordzi, V., Chen, H., Mraz, J., Mustapha, U.F., & Abarike, E.D. (2022). Effects of probiotics on digestive enzymes of fish (finfish and shellfish); status and prospects: A mini review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 257, 110653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110653
- Bagheri, T., Hedayati, S.A., Yavari, V., Alizade, M. & Ali Farzanfar, A. (2008). Growth, survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry given diet supplemented with probiotic during the two months of first feeding. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8, 43–48.
- Balcazar, J.L., Blas, I., Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Cunningham, D., Vendrell, D. & Muzquiz, J.L. (2006). The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary Microbiology, 114, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.009
- Deekshit, V.K., Maiti, B., Kumar, B.K., Kotian, A., Pinto, G., Bondad-Reantaso, M.G., Karunasagar, I. & Karunasagar, I. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens and alternative risk mitigation strategies. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15 (1), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12715
- Denstadli, V., Hillestad, M., Verlhac, V., Klausen, M. & Øverland, M. (2011). Enzyme pretreatment of fibrous ingredients for carnivorous fish: Effects on nutrient utilisation and technical feed quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) full issue. Aquaculture, 319(3–4), 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.012
- El-Kady, A.A., I. Magouz, F.I., Mahmoud, S.A. &. Abdel-Rahim, M. (2022). The effects of some commercial probiotics as water additive on water quality, fish performance, blood biochemical parameters, expression of growth and immune-related genes, and histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 546, 737249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737249
- FAO FishStat database (2024). FishStatJ, a tool for fishery statistics analysis. Release: 4.03.03 FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Statistics and Information Branch. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/countrysector/naso_turkey (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
- Fečkaninová , A., Koščová, J., Popelka, P. & Toropilová, J. (2017).The use of probiotic bacteria against Aeromonas infections in salmonid aquaculture. Aquaculture, 469(20), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.11.042
- Fregeneda-Grandes, J.M., González-Palacios, C., Pérez-Sánchez, T., Padilla, D., Real, F. & Aller-Gancedo, J.M. (2023). Limited Probiotic Effect of Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacilus plantarum CLFP3 to Protect Rainbow Trout against Saprolegniosis. Animals, 6, 13(5), 954. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050954
- Gamoori, R., Rashidian, G., Ahangarzadeh, M., Najafabadi, M., Dashtebozorg, M., Mohammadi, Y., & Morshedi, V. (2023). Improvement of water quality with probiotics inclusion during simulated transport of Yellowfin Seabream Acanthopagrus latus larvae. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 35, 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/aah.10204
- Gonzales-Palacios, C., Fregeneda-Grandes, J.M. & Aller-Gancedo, J.M. (2018). Biocontrol of saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using two bacterial isolates (LE89 and LE141) of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Journal of Fish Diseases, 42(2), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12928
- Hasaan, M.S., Mohammady, E.Y., Soaudy, M.R., Palma, J., Shawer, E.E. & El-Haroun, E. (2020). The effect of dietary sericite on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota and haematological parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 262, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114400.
- Huss, H.H. (1988). Fresh Fish Quality and Quality Changes. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Roma, pp. 128. ISBN 92-5-102395-6. https://www.fao.org/4/v7180e/v7180e00.htm (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
- Korkut, A.Y., Kop, A., Demirtaş, N. & Cihaner, A. (2007). Balık beslemede gelişim performansının izlenme yöntemleri. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24(1-2), 201–205.
- Kristiansen, M., Merrifield, D.L., Jose, L., Vecino, G., Myklebust, R. & Ringø, E. (2011). Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1-009
- Liang, Q., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Lio, E., Zhang, F., Mou, H. & Secundo, F. (2022). Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture. Marine Life Science & Technology 4, 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-022-00128-z
- Lieke, T., Meinelt, T., Hoseinifar, S.H., Pan, B., Straus, D. L., & Steinberg, C.E.W. (2020). Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(2), 943–965. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12365
- Marco, G., Tiziana Cappello, T. & Maisano, M. (2023). Histomorphological changes in fish gut in response to prebiotics and probiotics treatment to improve their health status: A review. Animals,13, 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182860
- Merrifield, D.L., Dimitroglou, A., Foey, A., Davies, S.J., Baker, R.T. & Bøgwald, J. (2010). The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302(1-2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007
- Redhwan, A., Eissa, E.H., Ezzo, O.H., Abdelgeliel, A.S., Munir, M.B., Khan Chowdhury, A.J., Kari, Z.A., Syafaat, M.N., Suryani, A.E., Moaheda, E.H., Eissa, M.H., & Abd Al-Kareem, O.M. (2024). Effects of water additive mixed probiotics on water quality, growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical analyses and disease resistance against Aeromonas sobria of Nile tilapia. Desalination and Water Treatment, 319, 100480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100480 Simón, R., Docando, F., Núñez-Ortiz, N., Tafalla, C. & Díaz-Rosales, P. (2021). Mechanisms used by probiotics to confer pathogen resistance to Teleost Fish. Frontiers in Immunology, 27(12), 653025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653025
- Sunitha, K. & Krishna, P.V. (2016). Efficacy of probiotics in water quality and bacterial biochemical characterization of fish ponds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.509.004
- Süzer, C., Çoban, D., Kamacı, O.H., Saka, S., Fırat, K., Otgucuoglu, O., Küçüksarı, H. (2008). Lactobacillus spp. bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280, 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.020
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) (2024). Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2024-54193 (Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2025).
There are 25 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Fish Physiology and Genetics, Aquaculture |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | October 21, 2025 |
| Publication Date | October 21, 2025 |
| Submission Date | September 3, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | October 19, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 4 |
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