Research Article
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Female fish farmers: How technically efficient are they? Evidence from Delta State Nigeria

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 250 - 259, 01.07.2021

Theophilus Miebi Gbıgbı

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21019

Abstract

The study investigated the technical efficiency of female catfish growers in Delta State, Nigeria. Data have been obtained using questionnaires from 112 female catfish farmers who have been randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, cost and return analysis as well as the stochastic model have been used in the analysis of data. The results showed that the mean age, farming experience and household size of the female fish farmers were 42 years old, 8 years and 6 persons respectively. Most of the participants are married and educated. The gross margin and net farm income were N490,378.46 and N416,242.82k respectively. With a rate of return on investment and a BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) of 0.64 and 1.64, fish farming was found to be profitable. The Stochastic frontier outcome showed that the size of the pond, fingerlings, feed and water supply had a significant and positive effect on fish production, while the cost of medication had an inverse relationship with fish production. Age, education and household size have been found to increase technical performance, while technical inefficiency is increased by distance from farm location and credit access. The finding further revealed that a female fish farmer had a technical efficiency of 53.5% in the area of study. This is a signal that by implementing the technologies practiced by the best farmers, fish productivity can be improved by about 46.5% by the farmers. The coefficient of elasticity was 0.567, which indicated that the female catfish farmers were in Phase II. The failure of farmers to reach the production frontier may however be due to certain factors, including insufficient funding, high feed costs, water supply and fingerlings shortages. On the basis of the results, female fish farmers should be supported by means of professional training in fish production practices to ensure that their resources are optimally utilized.

Keywords

Technical efficiency Female farmers Fish farming Profitability

Thanks

I hereby acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their criticisms and contributions that have added value to this article. Thanks to all those whose materials were consulted in the course of this research.

References

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  • Adenugba, A.O., Raji-Mustapha, N.O. (2013). The role of women in promoting agricultural productivity and developing skills for improved quality of life in rural areas. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 3(8), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.9790/3021-03855158
  • Adewale, J.G., Ikeola, R.F. (2005). Resettlement Coping Strategies of Women Settlers around Dams in Nigeria: A Case Study of Erelu Dam in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 17(3), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905777
  • Ani, A.O. (2004). Determinants of food crop output among rural women farmers in Ebonyi State Nigeria: implications for crop extension education. Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Environment, 5(2), 188-195.
  • Baruwa, O.I., Omodara, O.D. (2019). Technical efficiency of aquaculture system in Oyo State, Nigeria: Stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Aquatic Research & Marine Sciences, 2(1), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.29199/ARMS.103026
  • Central Bank of Nigeria (2011). Annual Report for the Year Ended 31st December. 2011.
  • Central Bank of Nigeria (2017). Annual Report for the Year Ended 31st December. 2017.
  • Cohen, P.J., Sarah, L., Michelle, D., Miranda, M., Enly, S., Helen, T., Paula, K. (2016). Understanding adaptive capacity and capacity to innovate in social–ecological systems: applying a gender lens. Ambio, 45(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0831-4
  • Ekanem, E., Damian, A., Etim, G.R. (2012). Socioeconomic analysis of fish farming in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implication for Food Security Tropentag, Gottingen Resilience of agricultural systems against crisis, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3, 246-254.
  • Ekunwe, P.A., Emokoro, C.O (2009). Technical Efficiency of Catfish Farmers in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of applied sciences research, 5(7), 802-805.
  • Eyo, A.A. (2003). Fundamental of fish nutrient and diet development – An overview In: A.A. Eyo (Ed). National workshop on fish feed development and feeding practices in aquaculture organized by Fisheries Society of Nigeria, New Bussa, Niger State, 2-6.
  • FAO (2003).Gender, Key to Sustainability and Food Security. Plan of Action. Gender and Development. Rome.
  • FAO (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the World: Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FDF (2007). Federal Department of Fisheries. Fisheries Statistics of Nigeria, Fourth Edition 1995-2007.
  • Gbigbi, T.M. (2017). Quantitative analysis of small scale catfish enterprises in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State. Production Agriculture and Technology Journal (Pat), 13(1), 36-42.
  • Gbigbi T.M. (2019).Technical efficiency and artisanal fishing households: Any hope in oil extracting locations? Evidence from Nigeria. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.03
  • Gbigbi, T.M. Achoja, F.O. (2020. Backyard fish farm features and farmers personal characteristics as correlates of profitability of aquaculture in Nigeria. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(3), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.03
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Enete, A.A. (2014). Economic efficiency of artisanal fishery households under oil pollution environment in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Tropicultura, 32(4),183-190.
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Achoja, F.O., Temile, S.O. (2019). Cooperative funding as driver of aquaculture development: Evidence from Nigeria, European Journal of Social Sciences, 58(2), 124-133.
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Taru, V.B., Obetta, A.E. (2017). Gender perspective of youth engagement in Aquaculture in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, 7(3), 112-125.
  • George, F.O.A., Olaoye, O.J., Akande, O.P., Oghobase, R.R. (2010). Determinants of aquaculture fish seed production and development in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(8), 22-34.
  • Idoge, D.E., Gbigbi, T.M., Aguegbe, T.O. (2017). Factors determining success of small scale fish farming enterprise in Warri Metropolis. Taraba Journal of Agricultural Research (TAJAR), 5(2), 1-8.
  • Krushelnytska, O. (2015). Toward gender-equitable fisheries management in Solomon Islands. Sydney. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/467721468187800125/pdf/98279-WP-P146728-Box385353B-PUBLIC-ACS.pdf (accessed 15.02.2020).
  • Ohen, S.B., Abang, S.O. (2009). Economics of catfish farming in Rivers State Nigeria. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(1), 56-59.
  • Olowosegun, T., Sanni, A.O., Sule, A.M., Bwala, R.L. (2004). Contribution of Women to Fisheries development in Kainji Lake Basin, in 2004 FISON Conference proceedings, p. 91-97.
  • Osondu, C.K., Ijioma, J.C. (2014). Analysis of profitability and production determinants of fish farming in Umuahia capital territory of Abia State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(7), 168-176.
  • Onyekuru, N.A., Ihemezie, E.J., Chima, C.C. (2019). Socioeconomic and profitability analysis of catfish production: A case study of Nsukka local government area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, 18(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i2.9
  • Oyinbo, O., Rekwot G. Z (2013). Fishery production and economic growth in Nigeria: Pathway for sustainable economic development. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 5(2), 99-109.
  • Parks, M.H., Christie, M.E., Bagares, I. (2015). Gender and conservation agriculture: constraints and opportunities in the Philippines. GeoJournal, 80(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9523-4
  • Shester, G.G., Micheli, F. (2011). Conservation challenges for small-scale fisheries: By catch and habitat impacts of traps and gillnets. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1673-1681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.023
  • Silvestre, G.T., Garces, L.R., Stobutzki, I., Ahmed, M., Santos, R.A.V., Luna, C.Z., Zhou, W. (2003). South and South-East Asian coastal fisheries: their status and directions for improved management: conference synopsis and recommendations. World Fish Center Conference Proceedings, 67, 1-40.
  • Tsadu, S.M., Ojutiku, R.O., Anyawale, A.V. (2006). A survey of fungal contamination of some fish species from Tagwai Daru, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Biosciences, 6, 1-5.
  • Tulachan, M., Karki, S. (2000). Gender and Livestock Management in Mixed Farming Systems. ICIMOD Newsletter, No. 37.

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 250 - 259, 01.07.2021

Theophilus Miebi Gbıgbı

https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21019

Abstract

References

  • Adebayo, O.O., Daramola, O.A. (2013). Economic analysis of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production in Ibadan metropolis. Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 1(7), 128-134.
  • Adenugba, A.O., Raji-Mustapha, N.O. (2013). The role of women in promoting agricultural productivity and developing skills for improved quality of life in rural areas. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 3(8), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.9790/3021-03855158
  • Adewale, J.G., Ikeola, R.F. (2005). Resettlement Coping Strategies of Women Settlers around Dams in Nigeria: A Case Study of Erelu Dam in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 17(3), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905777
  • Ani, A.O. (2004). Determinants of food crop output among rural women farmers in Ebonyi State Nigeria: implications for crop extension education. Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Environment, 5(2), 188-195.
  • Baruwa, O.I., Omodara, O.D. (2019). Technical efficiency of aquaculture system in Oyo State, Nigeria: Stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Aquatic Research & Marine Sciences, 2(1), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.29199/ARMS.103026
  • Central Bank of Nigeria (2011). Annual Report for the Year Ended 31st December. 2011.
  • Central Bank of Nigeria (2017). Annual Report for the Year Ended 31st December. 2017.
  • Cohen, P.J., Sarah, L., Michelle, D., Miranda, M., Enly, S., Helen, T., Paula, K. (2016). Understanding adaptive capacity and capacity to innovate in social–ecological systems: applying a gender lens. Ambio, 45(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0831-4
  • Ekanem, E., Damian, A., Etim, G.R. (2012). Socioeconomic analysis of fish farming in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implication for Food Security Tropentag, Gottingen Resilience of agricultural systems against crisis, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 3, 246-254.
  • Ekunwe, P.A., Emokoro, C.O (2009). Technical Efficiency of Catfish Farmers in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of applied sciences research, 5(7), 802-805.
  • Eyo, A.A. (2003). Fundamental of fish nutrient and diet development – An overview In: A.A. Eyo (Ed). National workshop on fish feed development and feeding practices in aquaculture organized by Fisheries Society of Nigeria, New Bussa, Niger State, 2-6.
  • FAO (2003).Gender, Key to Sustainability and Food Security. Plan of Action. Gender and Development. Rome.
  • FAO (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the World: Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • FDF (2007). Federal Department of Fisheries. Fisheries Statistics of Nigeria, Fourth Edition 1995-2007.
  • Gbigbi, T.M. (2017). Quantitative analysis of small scale catfish enterprises in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State. Production Agriculture and Technology Journal (Pat), 13(1), 36-42.
  • Gbigbi T.M. (2019).Technical efficiency and artisanal fishing households: Any hope in oil extracting locations? Evidence from Nigeria. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 219-228. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.03
  • Gbigbi, T.M. Achoja, F.O. (2020. Backyard fish farm features and farmers personal characteristics as correlates of profitability of aquaculture in Nigeria. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(3), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.03
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Enete, A.A. (2014). Economic efficiency of artisanal fishery households under oil pollution environment in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Tropicultura, 32(4),183-190.
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Achoja, F.O., Temile, S.O. (2019). Cooperative funding as driver of aquaculture development: Evidence from Nigeria, European Journal of Social Sciences, 58(2), 124-133.
  • Gbigbi, T.M., Taru, V.B., Obetta, A.E. (2017). Gender perspective of youth engagement in Aquaculture in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, 7(3), 112-125.
  • George, F.O.A., Olaoye, O.J., Akande, O.P., Oghobase, R.R. (2010). Determinants of aquaculture fish seed production and development in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(8), 22-34.
  • Idoge, D.E., Gbigbi, T.M., Aguegbe, T.O. (2017). Factors determining success of small scale fish farming enterprise in Warri Metropolis. Taraba Journal of Agricultural Research (TAJAR), 5(2), 1-8.
  • Krushelnytska, O. (2015). Toward gender-equitable fisheries management in Solomon Islands. Sydney. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/467721468187800125/pdf/98279-WP-P146728-Box385353B-PUBLIC-ACS.pdf (accessed 15.02.2020).
  • Ohen, S.B., Abang, S.O. (2009). Economics of catfish farming in Rivers State Nigeria. Academic Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(1), 56-59.
  • Olowosegun, T., Sanni, A.O., Sule, A.M., Bwala, R.L. (2004). Contribution of Women to Fisheries development in Kainji Lake Basin, in 2004 FISON Conference proceedings, p. 91-97.
  • Osondu, C.K., Ijioma, J.C. (2014). Analysis of profitability and production determinants of fish farming in Umuahia capital territory of Abia State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(7), 168-176.
  • Onyekuru, N.A., Ihemezie, E.J., Chima, C.C. (2019). Socioeconomic and profitability analysis of catfish production: A case study of Nsukka local government area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, 18(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.4314/as.v18i2.9
  • Oyinbo, O., Rekwot G. Z (2013). Fishery production and economic growth in Nigeria: Pathway for sustainable economic development. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 5(2), 99-109.
  • Parks, M.H., Christie, M.E., Bagares, I. (2015). Gender and conservation agriculture: constraints and opportunities in the Philippines. GeoJournal, 80(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9523-4
  • Shester, G.G., Micheli, F. (2011). Conservation challenges for small-scale fisheries: By catch and habitat impacts of traps and gillnets. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1673-1681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.023
  • Silvestre, G.T., Garces, L.R., Stobutzki, I., Ahmed, M., Santos, R.A.V., Luna, C.Z., Zhou, W. (2003). South and South-East Asian coastal fisheries: their status and directions for improved management: conference synopsis and recommendations. World Fish Center Conference Proceedings, 67, 1-40.
  • Tsadu, S.M., Ojutiku, R.O., Anyawale, A.V. (2006). A survey of fungal contamination of some fish species from Tagwai Daru, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Biosciences, 6, 1-5.
  • Tulachan, M., Karki, S. (2000). Gender and Livestock Management in Mixed Farming Systems. ICIMOD Newsletter, No. 37.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Theophilus Miebi Gbıgbı 0000-0002-1335-7231

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Submission Date November 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gbıgbı, T. M. (2021). Female fish farmers: How technically efficient are they? Evidence from Delta State Nigeria. Aquatic Research, 4(3), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21019
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