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Antimicrobial evaluation of the Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) leaf essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial compounds

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 385 - 393, 27.08.2023

Nazlı Şenay Beşirik Gamze Göger

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1232606
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin Benth's leaves, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, are used to make patchouli essential oil (PEO). Sesquiterpenes are the main compounds in essential oil. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiemetic, and anti-inflammatory activities are just a few of the many pharmacological actions that are well-known. In this investigation, cefuroxime (CEF), moxifloxacin (MOX), clarithromycin (CLA), fluconazole (FLU), and terbinafine (TER) were combined with patchouli (Pogostemon cablin leaf essential oil). Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750 were tested against all combinations. Drug interaction was given as fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) after combinations of the essential oils were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
The checkerboard method was used to assess antimicrobial interactions, Fluconazole, terbinafine, cefuroxime, and clarithromycin combined with essential oil demonstrated an "additive effect" against Candida strains together with E. coli and S. aureus.

Keywords

Pogostemon cablin essential oil checkerboard method antibacterial antifungal

Supporting Institution

Tübitak Project

Project Number

218S812

Thanks

The authors are grateful to the company Bade Natural for providing the essential oil as well as by chemical analysis of the sample.

References

  • Ahmad, A., Elisha, I.L., van Vuuren, S., & Viljoen, A. (2021). Volatile phenolics: A comprehensive review of the anti-infective properties of an important class of essential oil constituents. Phytochemistry, 190, 112864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112864
  • Aisyah, Y., Yunita, D., & Amanda, A. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012020
  • Betoni, J.E.C., Mantovani, R.P., Barbosa, L.N., Di Stasi, L.C., & Fernandes Junior, A. (2006). Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 101, 387 390. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006000400007
  • Bhavaniramya, S., Vishnupriya, S., Al-Aboody, M.S., Vijayakumar, R., & Baskaran, D. (2019). Role of essential oils in food safety: Antimicrobial and antioxidant applications. Grain & Oil Science and Technology, 2(2), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaost.2019.03.001
  • Das, P., Dutta, S., Begum, J., & Anwar, M.N. (2013). Antibacterial and antifungal activity analysis of essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 30(1-2), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28446
  • Dechayont, B., Ruamdee, P., Poonnaimuang, S., Mokmued, K., & Chunthorng-Orn, J. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial Activities of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8310275
  • Donelian, A., Carlson, L., Lopes, T., & Machado, R. (2009). Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 48(1), 15 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.09.020
  • Göger, G., Demirci, B., Ilgın, S., & Demirci, F. (2018). Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 279 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.024
  • Hemaiswarya, S., & Doble, M. (2009). Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine, 16(11), 997 1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.006
  • Hyldgaard, M., Mygind, T., & Meyer, R.L. (2012). Essential oils in food preservation: mode of action, synergies, and interactions with food matrix components. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00012
  • Jain, P.L., Patel, S.R., & Desai, M.A. (2021). Patchouli oil: an overview on extraction method, composition and biological activities. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2021.1955761
  • Kapoor, G., Saigal, S., & Elongavan, A. (2017). Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 33(3), 300. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15
  • Kocevski, D., Du, M., Kan, J., Jing, C., Lacanin, I., & Pavlovic, H. (2013). Antifungal effect of Allium tuberosum, Cinnamomum cassia, and Pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of Aspergillus species. Journal of Food Science, 78(5), M731-M737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12118
  • Langeveld, W.T., Veldhuizen, E.J., & Burt, S.A. (2014). Synergy between essential oil components and antibiotics: a review. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 40(1), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.763219
  • Laxminarayan, R., Matsoso, P., Pant, S., Brower, C., Røttingen, J.-A., Klugman, K., & Davies, S. (2016). Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge. The Lancet, 387(10014), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2
  • Murbach Teles Andrade, B.F., Nunes Barbosa, L., da Silva Probst, I., & Fernandes Júnior, A. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860409
  • Paulus, D., Luchesi, L.A., Busso, C., Frata, M.T., & de Oliveira, P.J.B. (2020). Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of four species of the Lamiaceae family. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 129 140. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030289
  • Pharmacopoeia, C. (2015). Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Vol. 1. Beijing: Chinese Medical Science and Technology Press.
  • Picheansoonthon, C., & Jerawong, V. (2001). Thai Pharmaceutical Textbook No. 5 Materia Medica. Amarin Printing, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Ribeiro, A.S., Ribeiro, M.S., Bertolucci, S.K., Bittencourt, W.J., Carvalho, A.A., Tostes, W. N., Pinto, J.E. (2018). Colored shade nets induced changes in growth, anatomy and essential oil of Pogostemon cablin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 90, 1823-1835. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170299
  • Seow, Y.X., Yeo, C.R., Chung, H.L., & Yuk, H.-G. (2014). Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 625-644. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.599504
  • Sharma, K., Guleria, S., Razdan, V.K., & Babu, V. (2020). Synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some selected medicinal plants in combination and with synthetic compounds. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112569
  • Silva-Filho, S.E., Wiirzler, L.A.M., Cavalcante, H.A.O., Uchida, N.S., de Souza Silva-Comar, F.M., Cardia, G.F.E., Cuman, R.K.N. (2016). Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, 1697 1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.084
  • Singh, B.R., Sinha, D.K., OR, V.K., Pawde, A.M., De, U.K., & Gupta, V.K. (2019). Comparative antimicrobial activity of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) essential oil (PEO) and conventional antimicrobials against clinically important microbes. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 47-65.
  • Swamy, M.K., & Sinniah, U.R. (2015). A comprehensive review on the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pogostemon cablin Benth.: an aromatic medicinal plant of industrial importance. Molecules, 20(5), 8521 8547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20058521
  • Tang, Y., Zhong, L., Wang, X., Zheng, H., & Chen, L. (2019). Molecular identification and expression of sesquiterpene pathway genes responsible for patchoulol biosynthesis and regulation in Pogostemon cablin. Botanical Studies, 60(1), 1 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-019-0259-9
  • van Beek, T.A., & Joulain, D. (2018). The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 33(1), 6-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3418
  • Van Vuuren, S., Suliman, S., & Viljoen, A. (2009). The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 48(4), 440-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02548.x
  • Yang, X., Zhang, X., Yang, S.-P., & Liu, W.-Q. (2013). Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of patchouli oil. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2013.1320
  • Zhong, Y., Tang, L., Deng, Q., Jing, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Huang, B. (2021). Unraveling the novel effect of patchouli alcohol against the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674560

Antimicrobial evaluation of the Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) leaf essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial compounds

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 385 - 393, 27.08.2023

Nazlı Şenay Beşirik Gamze Göger

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1232606
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin Benth's leaves, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, are used to make patchouli essential oil (PEO). Sesquiterpenes are the main compounds in essential oil. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiemetic, and anti-inflammatory activities are just a few of the many pharmacological actions that are well-known. In this investigation, cefuroxime (CEF), moxifloxacin (MOX), clarithromycin (CLA), fluconazole (FLU), and terbinafine (TER) were combined with patchouli (Pogostemon cablin leaf essential oil). Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and yeasts Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750 were tested against all combinations. Drug interaction was given as fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) after combinations of the essential oils were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
The checkerboard method was used to assess antimicrobial interactions, Fluconazole, terbinafine, cefuroxime, and clarithromycin combined with essential oil demonstrated an "additive effect" against Candida strains together with E. coli and S. aureus.

Keywords

Pogostemon cablin essential oil checkerboard method antibacterial antifungal

Project Number

218S812

References

  • Ahmad, A., Elisha, I.L., van Vuuren, S., & Viljoen, A. (2021). Volatile phenolics: A comprehensive review of the anti-infective properties of an important class of essential oil constituents. Phytochemistry, 190, 112864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112864
  • Aisyah, Y., Yunita, D., & Amanda, A. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012020
  • Betoni, J.E.C., Mantovani, R.P., Barbosa, L.N., Di Stasi, L.C., & Fernandes Junior, A. (2006). Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 101, 387 390. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762006000400007
  • Bhavaniramya, S., Vishnupriya, S., Al-Aboody, M.S., Vijayakumar, R., & Baskaran, D. (2019). Role of essential oils in food safety: Antimicrobial and antioxidant applications. Grain & Oil Science and Technology, 2(2), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaost.2019.03.001
  • Das, P., Dutta, S., Begum, J., & Anwar, M.N. (2013). Antibacterial and antifungal activity analysis of essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 30(1-2), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28446
  • Dechayont, B., Ruamdee, P., Poonnaimuang, S., Mokmued, K., & Chunthorng-Orn, J. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial Activities of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8310275
  • Donelian, A., Carlson, L., Lopes, T., & Machado, R. (2009). Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 48(1), 15 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.09.020
  • Göger, G., Demirci, B., Ilgın, S., & Demirci, F. (2018). Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 279 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.024
  • Hemaiswarya, S., & Doble, M. (2009). Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine, 16(11), 997 1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.006
  • Hyldgaard, M., Mygind, T., & Meyer, R.L. (2012). Essential oils in food preservation: mode of action, synergies, and interactions with food matrix components. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00012
  • Jain, P.L., Patel, S.R., & Desai, M.A. (2021). Patchouli oil: an overview on extraction method, composition and biological activities. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2021.1955761
  • Kapoor, G., Saigal, S., & Elongavan, A. (2017). Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 33(3), 300. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15
  • Kocevski, D., Du, M., Kan, J., Jing, C., Lacanin, I., & Pavlovic, H. (2013). Antifungal effect of Allium tuberosum, Cinnamomum cassia, and Pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of Aspergillus species. Journal of Food Science, 78(5), M731-M737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12118
  • Langeveld, W.T., Veldhuizen, E.J., & Burt, S.A. (2014). Synergy between essential oil components and antibiotics: a review. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 40(1), 76-94. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.763219
  • Laxminarayan, R., Matsoso, P., Pant, S., Brower, C., Røttingen, J.-A., Klugman, K., & Davies, S. (2016). Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge. The Lancet, 387(10014), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2
  • Murbach Teles Andrade, B.F., Nunes Barbosa, L., da Silva Probst, I., & Fernandes Júnior, A. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860409
  • Paulus, D., Luchesi, L.A., Busso, C., Frata, M.T., & de Oliveira, P.J.B. (2020). Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of four species of the Lamiaceae family. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 129 140. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030289
  • Pharmacopoeia, C. (2015). Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Vol. 1. Beijing: Chinese Medical Science and Technology Press.
  • Picheansoonthon, C., & Jerawong, V. (2001). Thai Pharmaceutical Textbook No. 5 Materia Medica. Amarin Printing, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Ribeiro, A.S., Ribeiro, M.S., Bertolucci, S.K., Bittencourt, W.J., Carvalho, A.A., Tostes, W. N., Pinto, J.E. (2018). Colored shade nets induced changes in growth, anatomy and essential oil of Pogostemon cablin. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 90, 1823-1835. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170299
  • Seow, Y.X., Yeo, C.R., Chung, H.L., & Yuk, H.-G. (2014). Plant essential oils as active antimicrobial agents. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 54(5), 625-644. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.599504
  • Sharma, K., Guleria, S., Razdan, V.K., & Babu, V. (2020). Synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some selected medicinal plants in combination and with synthetic compounds. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112569
  • Silva-Filho, S.E., Wiirzler, L.A.M., Cavalcante, H.A.O., Uchida, N.S., de Souza Silva-Comar, F.M., Cardia, G.F.E., Cuman, R.K.N. (2016). Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 84, 1697 1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.084
  • Singh, B.R., Sinha, D.K., OR, V.K., Pawde, A.M., De, U.K., & Gupta, V.K. (2019). Comparative antimicrobial activity of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) essential oil (PEO) and conventional antimicrobials against clinically important microbes. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 47-65.
  • Swamy, M.K., & Sinniah, U.R. (2015). A comprehensive review on the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Pogostemon cablin Benth.: an aromatic medicinal plant of industrial importance. Molecules, 20(5), 8521 8547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20058521
  • Tang, Y., Zhong, L., Wang, X., Zheng, H., & Chen, L. (2019). Molecular identification and expression of sesquiterpene pathway genes responsible for patchoulol biosynthesis and regulation in Pogostemon cablin. Botanical Studies, 60(1), 1 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-019-0259-9
  • van Beek, T.A., & Joulain, D. (2018). The essential oil of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin: A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 33(1), 6-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3418
  • Van Vuuren, S., Suliman, S., & Viljoen, A. (2009). The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 48(4), 440-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02548.x
  • Yang, X., Zhang, X., Yang, S.-P., & Liu, W.-Q. (2013). Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of patchouli oil. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2013.1320
  • Zhong, Y., Tang, L., Deng, Q., Jing, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Huang, B. (2021). Unraveling the novel effect of patchouli alcohol against the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.674560
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Biochemistry, Pharmacognosy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nazlı Şenay Beşirik This is me 0000-0002-8411-8369

Gamze Göger 0000-0003-2978-5385

Project Number 218S812
Early Pub Date July 31, 2023
Publication Date August 27, 2023
Submission Date January 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Beşirik, N. Ş., & Göger, G. (2023). Antimicrobial evaluation of the Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) leaf essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial compounds. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 10(3), 385-393. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1232606

Cited By

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Antibiotics
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091451
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

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