Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 288 - 299, 08.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.661533

Abstract

References

  • Adams, J. (1995). Risk. University College London Press, London, 228p.
  • Aghayev, A., Mahmudov, R. (2019). Analysis of the Kura River flooding in Azerbaijan territory in 2010 based on Hydrometeorologicall Observation and Remote Sensing, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 6 (2), 205-212.
  • Badalova, A., Ismatova, K., Guliyeva, S. (2019). Influence of Riverbed Change on a Possibility of Flooding During Water Level Rise of the River Kura, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) 6 (1), 148-152.
  • Blöschl, G., Sivapalan, M. (1995). Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a review, Hydrological processes, 9(3-4), 251-290.
  • BPAP (2010). Report on the Yeşilırmak Basin Protection Action Plan, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Marmara Research Centre (MRC), Former Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.
  • Coates, L. (1999). Flood fatalities in Australia, 1788–1996. Australian Geographer. 30(3), 391–408.
  • Crichton, D. (1999). The risk triangle, a new way to think about risk from an insurance perspective, The Hazards Forum Newsletter, London, 36, 12-13.
  • Downing, T.E., Butterfield, R., Cohen, S., Huq, S., Moss, R., Rahman, A., Sokona, Y., Stephen, L. (2001). Climate Change Vulnerability: Linking Impacts and Adaptation. Report to the Governing Council of the United Nations Programme. United Nations Environmental Programme, Environmental Change Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Etkin D. (1999). Risk transference and related trends: driving forces towards more mega-disasters. Environmental Hazards, 1, 69-75.
  • Fano, A., F., (2010). Establishment of Philippine Flood Risk Index by Province Based on Natural and Social Factors. 111p.
  • Farhan, M. Moazzam, UI., Vansarochana, A., Rahman, AU. (2018). Analysis of flood susceptibility and zonation for risk management using frequency ratio model in District Charsadda, Pakistan, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) 5 (2), 140-153
  • Ferrier, N., Haque, C.E. (2003). Hazards risk assessment methodology for emergency managers: a standardized framework for application. Natural Hazards, 28, 271-290.
  • French, J., R. Von Allmen,S., Wood, R. (1983). Mortality from flash floods: a review of national weather service reports, 1969–81. Public Health Reports, 98(6), 584–588.
  • Gazioğlu, C. (2018). Biodiversity, Coastal Protection, Promotion and Applicability Investigation of the Ocean Health Index for Turkish Seas. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 5(3), 353- 367.
  • Han, D., Kwong, T., Li, S. (2007). Uncertainties in real‐time flood forecasting with neural networks. Hydrol. Processes, 21(2), 223–228.
  • Imamura, Y., Sasaki, S. (2018). Assessing Flood Risks Globally Using an Improved Country-Based Index. Yamaguchi University, Advanced Science and Innovational Research Center, 2-16-1, Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611.
  • Kale, M. M., Ataol, M., Tekkanat, S. I. (2019). Assessment of the changes in shoreline using digital shoreline analysis system: a case study of Kızılırmak Delta in northern Turkey from 1951 to 2017. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 579.
  • Kannami, Y. (2008). Establishment of country-based flood risk index. (Unpublished master’s thesis). International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management, Tsukuba.
  • Kaya, H., Orakçı, V., Yücel, ZY., Gazioğlu, C. (2008). Yerel Yönetimlerde Afet Risk Yönetimi, Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu, 294-301
  • Kron, W., Thumerer, T. (2002). Water-related disasters: loss trends and possible countermeasures from a (re) insurers viewpoint.
  • Mentes, E.N. (2019). Sel Risk Endeksinin Belirlenmesi: Yeşilırmak Havzası Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ITU Fenbilimleri Enstitüsü, Haziran 2019.
  • Mooney, L.E. (1983). Applications and Implications of Fatality Statistics to the Flash Flood Problems. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Hydrometeorology, Tulsa, USA, 17–19 October 1983, 127–129.
  • Random House. (1966). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Stein, J. (ed.), Random House, New York.
  • Sattler, D. N., Kaiser, C. F., Hittner, J. B. (2000). Disaster preparedness: relationships among prior experience, personal characteristics, and distress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(7), 1396-1420.
  • Şeker, DZ., Tanık, A., Citil, E., Öztürk, İ., Övez, S. & Baycan, T. (2016). Importance and Vulnerability Analyses for Functional Zoning in a Coastal District of Turkey, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 3 (3), 76-91.
  • Simav, Ö., Şeker, D.Z., Tanık, A., Gazioğlu, C. (2015). Determining the endangered fields of Turkish coasts with coastal vulnerability index. Journal of Map, 153: 1- 8.
  • Smith, K. (1996). Environmental Hazards. Routledge, London, 389 p.
  • Sood,A., Smakhtin, V., Eriyagama, N., Villholth, KG., Liyanage, N., Wada, Y., Ebrahim, G., Dickens, C. (2017). Global Environmental Flow Information for the Sustainable Development Goals, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 168p.
  • Trenberth, K. E. (2011). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research, 47(1/2), 123-138.
  • Ülker, D., Ergüven, O., Gazioğlu, C. (2018). Socioeconomic impacts in a Changing Climate: Case Study Syria. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 5(1), 84-93.
  • Wilby, R. L., Keenan, R. (2012). Adapting to flood risk under climate change. Progress in Physical Geography, 36(3), 348-378.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. New York, Routledge.

Calculation of Flood Risk Index for Yesilirmak Basin-Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 288 - 299, 08.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.661533

Abstract

Flood risk, in the sense of damage that a ‘flood event’ can cause, was globally indexed and quantified to show the relationship between various natural and social factors. The Pressure and Release (PAR) model consisting of five key indexes; hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity soft countermeasures, and capacity hard countermeasures along with the entropy method was used to measure the uncertainty in information gathered. In this study, flood risk index was calculated for Yesilirmak Basin of Turkey based on PAR. The basin is one of the coastal watersheds of Turkey experiencing frequent flood events.
Damage data covering years from 2000 to 2015 have been obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for Turkey. Candidate data for hazard, vulnerability, counter-measures and exposure were collected in accordance with temporal and spatial scales, and the collected data were compiled on a watershed basis. When grouping the sub-indicators, AWDO (Asian Water Development Outlook) was used and selected from a group of parameters covering a wide range of characteristics such as economy, health, vegetation, population, river according to their global presence, and data consistency. As long-term data accessibility was highly limited under basin conditions, data was obtained from relatively more reliable global sources such as United Nations’ databases on which data has been collected annually. The correlation among the collected parameter values was calculated based on the amount of damage that had occurred, and data with high correlation was included in the index account. Parameters that were not screened were rather weighted by using the entropy method and their effect on flood damage were determined. The calculated flood risk index based on PAR model was named as Yesilirmak Basin Flood Risk Index (Y-FRI).
The resulting Y-FRI radar charts indicated that the most important variation occurred for the soft countermeasure index. In addition, the five main indices and the flood risk index was positively correlated with hazard, exposure and vulnerability indices, while negatively correlated with the countermeasures. This study showed that not only the hazard parameters directly contribute to flood formation, but also the vulnerability, exposure and countermeasure parameters that reflected the conditions of the region where the flood occurred have quantitatively influenced the flood damage.

References

  • Adams, J. (1995). Risk. University College London Press, London, 228p.
  • Aghayev, A., Mahmudov, R. (2019). Analysis of the Kura River flooding in Azerbaijan territory in 2010 based on Hydrometeorologicall Observation and Remote Sensing, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 6 (2), 205-212.
  • Badalova, A., Ismatova, K., Guliyeva, S. (2019). Influence of Riverbed Change on a Possibility of Flooding During Water Level Rise of the River Kura, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) 6 (1), 148-152.
  • Blöschl, G., Sivapalan, M. (1995). Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a review, Hydrological processes, 9(3-4), 251-290.
  • BPAP (2010). Report on the Yeşilırmak Basin Protection Action Plan, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Marmara Research Centre (MRC), Former Ministry of Environment and Urbanization.
  • Coates, L. (1999). Flood fatalities in Australia, 1788–1996. Australian Geographer. 30(3), 391–408.
  • Crichton, D. (1999). The risk triangle, a new way to think about risk from an insurance perspective, The Hazards Forum Newsletter, London, 36, 12-13.
  • Downing, T.E., Butterfield, R., Cohen, S., Huq, S., Moss, R., Rahman, A., Sokona, Y., Stephen, L. (2001). Climate Change Vulnerability: Linking Impacts and Adaptation. Report to the Governing Council of the United Nations Programme. United Nations Environmental Programme, Environmental Change Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Etkin D. (1999). Risk transference and related trends: driving forces towards more mega-disasters. Environmental Hazards, 1, 69-75.
  • Fano, A., F., (2010). Establishment of Philippine Flood Risk Index by Province Based on Natural and Social Factors. 111p.
  • Farhan, M. Moazzam, UI., Vansarochana, A., Rahman, AU. (2018). Analysis of flood susceptibility and zonation for risk management using frequency ratio model in District Charsadda, Pakistan, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) 5 (2), 140-153
  • Ferrier, N., Haque, C.E. (2003). Hazards risk assessment methodology for emergency managers: a standardized framework for application. Natural Hazards, 28, 271-290.
  • French, J., R. Von Allmen,S., Wood, R. (1983). Mortality from flash floods: a review of national weather service reports, 1969–81. Public Health Reports, 98(6), 584–588.
  • Gazioğlu, C. (2018). Biodiversity, Coastal Protection, Promotion and Applicability Investigation of the Ocean Health Index for Turkish Seas. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 5(3), 353- 367.
  • Han, D., Kwong, T., Li, S. (2007). Uncertainties in real‐time flood forecasting with neural networks. Hydrol. Processes, 21(2), 223–228.
  • Imamura, Y., Sasaki, S. (2018). Assessing Flood Risks Globally Using an Improved Country-Based Index. Yamaguchi University, Advanced Science and Innovational Research Center, 2-16-1, Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611.
  • Kale, M. M., Ataol, M., Tekkanat, S. I. (2019). Assessment of the changes in shoreline using digital shoreline analysis system: a case study of Kızılırmak Delta in northern Turkey from 1951 to 2017. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 579.
  • Kannami, Y. (2008). Establishment of country-based flood risk index. (Unpublished master’s thesis). International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management, Tsukuba.
  • Kaya, H., Orakçı, V., Yücel, ZY., Gazioğlu, C. (2008). Yerel Yönetimlerde Afet Risk Yönetimi, Ulusal Jeomorfoloji Sempozyumu, 294-301
  • Kron, W., Thumerer, T. (2002). Water-related disasters: loss trends and possible countermeasures from a (re) insurers viewpoint.
  • Mentes, E.N. (2019). Sel Risk Endeksinin Belirlenmesi: Yeşilırmak Havzası Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ITU Fenbilimleri Enstitüsü, Haziran 2019.
  • Mooney, L.E. (1983). Applications and Implications of Fatality Statistics to the Flash Flood Problems. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Hydrometeorology, Tulsa, USA, 17–19 October 1983, 127–129.
  • Random House. (1966). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Stein, J. (ed.), Random House, New York.
  • Sattler, D. N., Kaiser, C. F., Hittner, J. B. (2000). Disaster preparedness: relationships among prior experience, personal characteristics, and distress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(7), 1396-1420.
  • Şeker, DZ., Tanık, A., Citil, E., Öztürk, İ., Övez, S. & Baycan, T. (2016). Importance and Vulnerability Analyses for Functional Zoning in a Coastal District of Turkey, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 3 (3), 76-91.
  • Simav, Ö., Şeker, D.Z., Tanık, A., Gazioğlu, C. (2015). Determining the endangered fields of Turkish coasts with coastal vulnerability index. Journal of Map, 153: 1- 8.
  • Smith, K. (1996). Environmental Hazards. Routledge, London, 389 p.
  • Sood,A., Smakhtin, V., Eriyagama, N., Villholth, KG., Liyanage, N., Wada, Y., Ebrahim, G., Dickens, C. (2017). Global Environmental Flow Information for the Sustainable Development Goals, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 168p.
  • Trenberth, K. E. (2011). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research, 47(1/2), 123-138.
  • Ülker, D., Ergüven, O., Gazioğlu, C. (2018). Socioeconomic impacts in a Changing Climate: Case Study Syria. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 5(1), 84-93.
  • Wilby, R. L., Keenan, R. (2012). Adapting to flood risk under climate change. Progress in Physical Geography, 36(3), 348-378.
  • Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004). At Risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters, 2nd edn. New York, Routledge.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ezgi Nur Menteş 0000-0001-5310-0775

Şinasi Kaya 0000-0002-4962-0492

Ayşegül Tanık 0000-0002-0319-0298

Cem Gazioğlu 0000-0002-2083-4008

Publication Date December 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Menteş, E. N., Kaya, Ş., Tanık, A., Gazioğlu, C. (2019). Calculation of Flood Risk Index for Yesilirmak Basin-Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(3), 288-299. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.661533