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The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 940 - 950, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479

Abstract

It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that aims to determine the relationship between the stress levels perceived by nursing students during the pandemic and their attitudes towards the nursing profession with the differences between demographic variables. The sample of the study consisted of 494 undergraduate nursing students in different provinces of Turkey. The research data were collected through a web-based survey prepared by the researchers between May and June 2020 using the Information Form, Perceived Stress Scale, and Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession. Perceived Stress Scale mean score was 15.60±4.89, Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession mean score was 170±20.79. There was no significant relationship between perceived stress and professional attitudes of nursing students (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in the Perceived Stress Scale score in terms of grade and the presence of healthcare professionals in the nuclear family, and in the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession score in terms of the geographical region of the university (p<0.05).This study revealed that during the pandemic, nursing students perceive moderate stress, exhibit a positive attitude towards the profession, and there is no relationship between their perceived stress and professional attitudes. Also, the grade, presence of healthcare professionals in the nuclear family, and the geographical region of the university affect this situation.

References

  • 1. Aslan, H. and Pekince, H. (2020). “Nursing Students’ Views on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Percieved Stress Levels”. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57, 695-701. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12597
  • 2. Favale, T, Soro, F, Trevisan, M, Drago, I. and Mellia, M. (2020). “Campus Traffic and E-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Computer Networks, 176, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107290
  • 3. Swift, A, Banks, L, Baleswaran, A, Cooke, N, Little, C, McGrath, L, Meechan-Rogers, R, Neve, A, Rees, H, Tomlinson, A. and Willliams, G. (2020). “COVID-19 and Student Nurses: a View from England”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3111–3114. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15298
  • 4. Lai, J, Ma, S, Wang, Y. and Cai, Z. (2020). “Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019”. JAMA Network Open, 3 (3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • 5. Wang, H, Feng, J, Shao, L. and Wei, J. (2020). “Contingency Management Strategies of the Nursing Department in Centralized Rescue of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019”. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7 (2), 139-142. https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769
  • 6. World Health Organization. (2020). “State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in Education, Jobs and Leadership”. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279. (Access Date: 13.12.2020).
  • 7. Pragholapati, A. (2020). “COVID-19 Impact on Students”. Available at: https://edarxiv.org/895ed/ (Access Date: 23.11.2020).
  • 8. Morin, K,H. (2020). “Nursing Education After COVID-19: Same or Differnt?”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3117–3119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15322
  • 9. Nguyen, D.V, Pham, G.H. and Nguyen, D.N. (2020). “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Perceptions and Behaviors of University Students in Vietnam”. Data in Brief, 31, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105880
  • 10. Zhai, Y. and Du, X. (2020). “Addressing Collegiate Mental Health Amid COVID-19 Pandemic”. Psychiatry Research, 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113003
  • 11. Jackson, D, Bradbury-Jones, C, Baptiste, D. and Gelling L. (2020). “Life in the Pandemic: Some Reflections on Nursing in the Context of COVID-19”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2041–2043. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
  • 12. Hayter, M. and Jackson, D. (2020). “Pre-registration undergraduate nurses and the COVID-19 pandemic: Students or workers?”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3115–3116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15317
  • 13. Cao, W, Fang, Z, Hou, G. and Han, M. (2020). “The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on College Students in China”. Psychiatry Research, 287, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • 14. Pan, X, Chen, D, Xia, Y. and Wu, X. (2020). “Asymptomatic Cases in a Family Cluster With SARS-CoV-2 Infection”. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (4), 410-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30114-6
  • 15. Huang, L.H, Chen, C.M, Chen, S.F. and Wang, H.H. (2020). “Roles of Nurses and National Nurses Associations in Combating COVID-19: Taiwan Experience”. International Nursing Review, 67, 318-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12609
  • 16. Imber Black, E. (2020). “Rituals in the Time of COVID-19: Imagination, Responsiveness and the Human Spirit”. Family Process, 59 (3), 912-921. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12581
  • 17. Mo, Y, Deng, L, Zhang, L. and Lang, Q. (2020). “Work Stress Among Chinese Nurses to Support Wuhan in Fighting Against COVID-19 Epidemic”. Journal of Nursing Management, 28 (5), 1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • 18. Neto, M.L.R, Almeida, H.G, Esmeraldo, J.D. and Nobre, C.B. (2020). “When Health Professionals Look Death in the Eye: The Mental Health of Professionals who Deal Daily with the 2019 Coronavirus Outbreak”. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112972
  • 19. Liu, Y, Wang, H, Chen, J. and Zhang, X. (2020). “Emergency Management of Nursing Human Resources and Supplies to Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic”. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7 (2), 135-138. https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.0254e1769.2020.03
  • 20. Pappa, S, Ntella, V, Giannakas, T, Giannakoulis, V.G, Papoutsi, E. and Katsaounou, P. (2020). “Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Brain Behavior Immunity, 88, 901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  • 21. Auerbach, R.P, Alonso, J, Axinn, W.G. and Cuijpers, P. (2016). “Mental Disorders Among College Students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys”. Psychol Medicine, 46 (14), 2955-2970. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001665
  • 22. Worku, D, Dirriba, A.B, Wordofa, B. and Fetensa, G. (2020). “Perceived Stress, Depression, and Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Health Science Students at Arsi University in 2019 in Oromia, Ethiopia”. Psychiatry Journal, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4956234
  • 23. Kumar, A, Nayar, K.R. and Bhat, L.D. (2020). “Debate: COVID-19 and Children in India”. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25 (3), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12398
  • 24. Li, Q, Guan, X, Wu, P. and Wang, X. (2020). “Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (13), 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • 25. Roy, J, Jain, R, Golamari, R, Vunnam, R. and Sahu, N. (2020). “COVID-19 in the Geriatric Population”. International Journal Geriatric Psychiatry, 35 (12), 1437-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5389
  • 26. Jamdar, K.M. (2020). “Attitude of Students Towards Nursing Profession During the COVID Pandemic”. UGC Care Journal, 31 (37), 347-352.
  • 27. Cohen, S, Kamarck, T. and Mermelstein, R. (1983). “A Global Measure of Perceived Stress”. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24 (4), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • 28. Bilge, A, Öğce, F, Genç, R.E. ve Oran, N.T. (2009). “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)’nin Türkçe Versiyonunun Psikometrik Uygunluğu”. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2 (25), 61-72. (In Turkish)
  • 29. Coban, G.İ. and Kasikci, M. (2011). “Development of the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession”. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 17 (5), 518-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01961.x
  • 30. Turan, N, Durgun, H, Kaya, H, Ertaş, G. and Kuvan, D. (2019). “The Relationship Between Stress Status and Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Nursing Students”. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 5 (1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.43265
  • 31. Miligi, E. (2013). “Saudi Nursing Students’s Attitudes Towards the Nursing Proffession. In: WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings. Antalya: The West East İnstitute”. Available at: https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ANT13-290-Eman-Miligi-and-Abeer-Selim-Abstract.pdf (Access Date: 10.11.2020)
  • 32. Seval, M. ve Sönmez, M. (2020). “Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Mesleğe Yönelik Tutumları ve İmaj Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 5 (1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.481182. (In Turkish)
  • 33. Lovrić, R, Farčić, N, Mikšić Š. and Včev, A. (2020). “Studying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inductive Content Analysis of Nursing Students’ Perceptions and Experiences”. Education Sciences, 10 (7), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070188
  • 34. Ayvaz Kızılgöz, Ö. ve Kuvat, Ö. (2020). “Sosyo-Ekonomik Göstergelere Göre Türkiye’de Düzey 1 Bölgelerinin Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi İle İncelenmesi”. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (22), 113-116. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.687887 (In Turkish)

COVID-19 Pandemisinde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Stres ve Mesleki Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 940 - 950, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479

Abstract

Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin pandemi sürecinde algıladıkları stres düzeyleri ile hemşirelik mesleğine yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi demografik değişkenler arasındaki farklılıklar ile belirlemeyi amaçlayan tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'nin farklı illerinde bulunan 494 hemşirelik lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından Mayıs-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Bilgi Formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ve Hemşirelik Mesleği Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak hazırlanan web tabanlı anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puan ortalaması 15.60±4.89, Hemşirelik Mesleği Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalaması 170±20.79'dur. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin algıladıkları stres ile mesleki tutumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puanında sınıf düzeyi ve çekirdek ailede sağlık çalışanı olup olmaması, Hemşirelik Mesleği Tutum Ölçeği puanında ise üniversitenin bulunduğu coğrafi bölgeye göre anlamlı farklılık vardı (p<0.05). Bu çalışma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin pandemi döneminde orta düzeyde stres algıladıklarını, mesleğe yönelik olumlu bir tutum sergilediklerini ve algıladıkları stres ile mesleki tutumları arasında bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca sınıf, çekirdek ailede sağlık personelinin bulunması ve üniversitenin bulunduğu coğrafi bölge de bu durumu etkilemektedir.

References

  • 1. Aslan, H. and Pekince, H. (2020). “Nursing Students’ Views on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Percieved Stress Levels”. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57, 695-701. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12597
  • 2. Favale, T, Soro, F, Trevisan, M, Drago, I. and Mellia, M. (2020). “Campus Traffic and E-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Computer Networks, 176, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107290
  • 3. Swift, A, Banks, L, Baleswaran, A, Cooke, N, Little, C, McGrath, L, Meechan-Rogers, R, Neve, A, Rees, H, Tomlinson, A. and Willliams, G. (2020). “COVID-19 and Student Nurses: a View from England”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3111–3114. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15298
  • 4. Lai, J, Ma, S, Wang, Y. and Cai, Z. (2020). “Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019”. JAMA Network Open, 3 (3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • 5. Wang, H, Feng, J, Shao, L. and Wei, J. (2020). “Contingency Management Strategies of the Nursing Department in Centralized Rescue of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019”. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7 (2), 139-142. https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769
  • 6. World Health Organization. (2020). “State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in Education, Jobs and Leadership”. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003279. (Access Date: 13.12.2020).
  • 7. Pragholapati, A. (2020). “COVID-19 Impact on Students”. Available at: https://edarxiv.org/895ed/ (Access Date: 23.11.2020).
  • 8. Morin, K,H. (2020). “Nursing Education After COVID-19: Same or Differnt?”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3117–3119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15322
  • 9. Nguyen, D.V, Pham, G.H. and Nguyen, D.N. (2020). “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Perceptions and Behaviors of University Students in Vietnam”. Data in Brief, 31, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105880
  • 10. Zhai, Y. and Du, X. (2020). “Addressing Collegiate Mental Health Amid COVID-19 Pandemic”. Psychiatry Research, 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113003
  • 11. Jackson, D, Bradbury-Jones, C, Baptiste, D. and Gelling L. (2020). “Life in the Pandemic: Some Reflections on Nursing in the Context of COVID-19”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2041–2043. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
  • 12. Hayter, M. and Jackson, D. (2020). “Pre-registration undergraduate nurses and the COVID-19 pandemic: Students or workers?”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 3115–3116. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15317
  • 13. Cao, W, Fang, Z, Hou, G. and Han, M. (2020). “The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on College Students in China”. Psychiatry Research, 287, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • 14. Pan, X, Chen, D, Xia, Y. and Wu, X. (2020). “Asymptomatic Cases in a Family Cluster With SARS-CoV-2 Infection”. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (4), 410-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30114-6
  • 15. Huang, L.H, Chen, C.M, Chen, S.F. and Wang, H.H. (2020). “Roles of Nurses and National Nurses Associations in Combating COVID-19: Taiwan Experience”. International Nursing Review, 67, 318-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12609
  • 16. Imber Black, E. (2020). “Rituals in the Time of COVID-19: Imagination, Responsiveness and the Human Spirit”. Family Process, 59 (3), 912-921. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12581
  • 17. Mo, Y, Deng, L, Zhang, L. and Lang, Q. (2020). “Work Stress Among Chinese Nurses to Support Wuhan in Fighting Against COVID-19 Epidemic”. Journal of Nursing Management, 28 (5), 1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • 18. Neto, M.L.R, Almeida, H.G, Esmeraldo, J.D. and Nobre, C.B. (2020). “When Health Professionals Look Death in the Eye: The Mental Health of Professionals who Deal Daily with the 2019 Coronavirus Outbreak”. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112972
  • 19. Liu, Y, Wang, H, Chen, J. and Zhang, X. (2020). “Emergency Management of Nursing Human Resources and Supplies to Respond to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic”. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7 (2), 135-138. https://doi.org/10.3761/j.issn.0254e1769.2020.03
  • 20. Pappa, S, Ntella, V, Giannakas, T, Giannakoulis, V.G, Papoutsi, E. and Katsaounou, P. (2020). “Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Brain Behavior Immunity, 88, 901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
  • 21. Auerbach, R.P, Alonso, J, Axinn, W.G. and Cuijpers, P. (2016). “Mental Disorders Among College Students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys”. Psychol Medicine, 46 (14), 2955-2970. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001665
  • 22. Worku, D, Dirriba, A.B, Wordofa, B. and Fetensa, G. (2020). “Perceived Stress, Depression, and Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Health Science Students at Arsi University in 2019 in Oromia, Ethiopia”. Psychiatry Journal, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4956234
  • 23. Kumar, A, Nayar, K.R. and Bhat, L.D. (2020). “Debate: COVID-19 and Children in India”. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25 (3), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12398
  • 24. Li, Q, Guan, X, Wu, P. and Wang, X. (2020). “Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia”. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (13), 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • 25. Roy, J, Jain, R, Golamari, R, Vunnam, R. and Sahu, N. (2020). “COVID-19 in the Geriatric Population”. International Journal Geriatric Psychiatry, 35 (12), 1437-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5389
  • 26. Jamdar, K.M. (2020). “Attitude of Students Towards Nursing Profession During the COVID Pandemic”. UGC Care Journal, 31 (37), 347-352.
  • 27. Cohen, S, Kamarck, T. and Mermelstein, R. (1983). “A Global Measure of Perceived Stress”. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24 (4), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • 28. Bilge, A, Öğce, F, Genç, R.E. ve Oran, N.T. (2009). “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)’nin Türkçe Versiyonunun Psikometrik Uygunluğu”. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 2 (25), 61-72. (In Turkish)
  • 29. Coban, G.İ. and Kasikci, M. (2011). “Development of the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession”. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 17 (5), 518-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01961.x
  • 30. Turan, N, Durgun, H, Kaya, H, Ertaş, G. and Kuvan, D. (2019). “The Relationship Between Stress Status and Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Nursing Students”. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 5 (1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2019.43265
  • 31. Miligi, E. (2013). “Saudi Nursing Students’s Attitudes Towards the Nursing Proffession. In: WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings. Antalya: The West East İnstitute”. Available at: https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ANT13-290-Eman-Miligi-and-Abeer-Selim-Abstract.pdf (Access Date: 10.11.2020)
  • 32. Seval, M. ve Sönmez, M. (2020). “Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Mesleğe Yönelik Tutumları ve İmaj Algıları Arasındaki İlişki”. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 5 (1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.481182. (In Turkish)
  • 33. Lovrić, R, Farčić, N, Mikšić Š. and Včev, A. (2020). “Studying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inductive Content Analysis of Nursing Students’ Perceptions and Experiences”. Education Sciences, 10 (7), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070188
  • 34. Ayvaz Kızılgöz, Ö. ve Kuvat, Ö. (2020). “Sosyo-Ekonomik Göstergelere Göre Türkiye’de Düzey 1 Bölgelerinin Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi İle İncelenmesi”. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12 (22), 113-116. https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.687887 (In Turkish)
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Tuğba Öztürk Yıldırım 0000-0002-6853-8996

Hilal Kuşcu Karatepe 0000-0001-9237-2714

Hanife Tiryaki Şen 0000-0003-3350-1701

Publication Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Öztürk Yıldırım, T., Kuşcu Karatepe, H., & Tiryaki Şen, H. (2023). The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 940-950. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479
AMA Öztürk Yıldırım T, Kuşcu Karatepe H, Tiryaki Şen H. The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. September 2023;12(3):940-950. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479
Chicago Öztürk Yıldırım, Tuğba, Hilal Kuşcu Karatepe, and Hanife Tiryaki Şen. “The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 3 (September 2023): 940-50. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479.
EndNote Öztürk Yıldırım T, Kuşcu Karatepe H, Tiryaki Şen H (September 1, 2023) The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 940–950.
IEEE T. Öztürk Yıldırım, H. Kuşcu Karatepe, and H. Tiryaki Şen, “The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 940–950, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479.
ISNAD Öztürk Yıldırım, Tuğba et al. “The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 2023), 940-950. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479.
JAMA Öztürk Yıldırım T, Kuşcu Karatepe H, Tiryaki Şen H. The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:940–950.
MLA Öztürk Yıldırım, Tuğba et al. “The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, pp. 940-5, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1095479.
Vancouver Öztürk Yıldırım T, Kuşcu Karatepe H, Tiryaki Şen H. The Relationship Between Stress and Professional Attitude of Nursing Students During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):940-5.