Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

İTME VE ÇEKME FAKTÖRLERİNİN GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN ALGILANAN REKABET STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SURİYELİ GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 68 - 89, 04.01.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, itme-çekme faktörlerinin göçmen girişimcilerin algılanan rekabet stratejileri üzerindeki etkisi, firmaların iş yaşam evreleri de dikkate alınarak, ev sahibi ülke bağlamında tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sosyal ağ teorisinden, kurumsal teoriden ve kaynak temelli görüş çerçevesinden hareket edilerek göçmenleri girişimci olmaya yönlendiren itme-çekme faktörleri ile Porter’ın rekabet stratejilerini içeren eklektik bir model önerilmektedir. Bu model çerçevesinde geliştirilen hipotezler Gaziantep’te ve Trabzon’da faaliyet gösteren toplam 55 Suriye kökenli göçmen girişimci ile yüz yüze yapılan soru kağıdı çalışması aracılığıyla test edilmektedir. Sosyal ağların, sosyal sermayenin, insan sermayesinin, kurumsal bağlamın ve iş yaşam evrelerinin aşamalı etkisinin ele alındığı lojistik regresyon analizleri sonuçlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, göçmen girişimcilerin maliyet liderliği stratejisini tercih etmelerinde en önemli etkenin sahip oldukları güçlü bağlar olduğunu; farklılaştırma stratejisini tercih etmelerinde ise dışsal sosyal sermayelerinin önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda göçmen girişimcilerin, ev sahibi ülkenin işgücü piyasasında edindikleri deneyim, farklılaştırma stratejisini tercih etmelerinde bir diğer önemli unsur olmaktadır. İş yaşam evresinin, itme faktörleri ile algılanan rekabet stratejileri arasındaki ilişki üzerinde anlamlı düzenleyici bir etkisine ̧rastlanılamamıştır.

References

  • ADLER, Paul ve Seok KWON (2002), “Social Capital: Prospectsfor A New Concept”, Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
  • ALDRICH, Howard ve Jennifer CLIFF (2003), “The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship: Toward A Family Embeddedness Perspective”, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573-596.
  • ASHOURIZADEH, Shayegheh; Thomas SCHOTT; Ece PİŞİKİNSÜT ŞENGÜLER ve Yi WANG (2016), “Exporting by Migrants and İndigenous Entrepreneurs: Contingent on Gender and Education”, International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 16(3), 264-283.
  • ATSAN, Nuray (2017), “Etnik Girişimlerin Doğuşu ve Gelişiminde Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Almanya’da Türk Girişimciler Örneği”, Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 1-16.
  • BAGWELL, Susan (2008), “Transnational Family Networks and Ethnic Minority Business Development”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 14(6), 377-394.
  • BAL, Yasemin (2011), Rekabet Stratejilerinin İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarına Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • BAŞ, Türker (2013), Anket, 7. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • BATES, Timothy (1990), “Entrepreneur Human Capital İnputs and Small Business Longevity”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(4), 551-559.
  • BEAL, Reginald ve Masoud YASAI ARDEKANI (2000),“Performance Implications of Aligning CEO Functional Experiences with Competitive Strategies”, Journal of Management, 26(4), 733-762.
  • BECKER, Gery (1964), Human capital: A Theore Ticaland Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, New York: Columbia University Press,
  • BOURDIEU, Pierre; ve Loïc JD WACQUANT (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology, University of Chicago Press.
  • BRUDERL Josef ve Peter PREISENDORFER (1998), “Network Support and The Success of Newly Founded Business”, Small Business Economics, 10(3): 213-225.
  • BURT, Ronalds (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • CHAGANTI, Radba ve Patricia GREENE (2002), “Who Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs? A Study of Entrepreneurs’ Ethnic Involvement and Business Characteristics”, Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 126-143.
  • CHAND, Masud ve Majid GHORBANI (2011), “National Culture, Networks, Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of The Indian and Chinese İmmigrants in The US”, International Business Review, 20, 593-606.
  • CHANDLER, Gaylen ve Steven HANKS (1998), “An Examination of The Substitutability of Founders’ Human and financial Capital in Emerging Business Ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, 3(5), 353-370.
  • CHISWICK, Barry ve Paul MILLER (2002), “Immigrant Earnings: Language Skills, Linguistic Concentrations and The Business Cycle”, Journal of Population Economics, 15(1): 31-57.
  • CHRYSOSTOME, Elie (2010), “The Success Factors of Necessity Immigrant Entrepreneurs: In Search of A Model”,Thunderbird International Business Review, 52,(2), 137-152.
  • CHRYSOSTOME, Elie ve Sebastien ARCAND (2009), “Survival of Necessity Immigrant Entrepreneurs: An Exploratory Study”, Journal of Comparative International Management, 12(2), 3-29.
  • COLEMAN, James (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
  • ÇAKAR, Mehmet (2008), Ankara’ya Yerleşen Kosova-Prizren Göçmenlerinin İçsel ve Dışsal Sosyal Sermaye Kullanımları: Örnek Olay Çalışması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • DAVIDSSON, Per ve Honig, Benson (2003), “The Role of Social and Human Capital Among Nascent Entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing,18(3), 301-331.
  • DEAKINS, David; Mohammed ISHAQ; David SMALLBONE; Geoff WHITTAM ve Janette WYPER (2007), “Ethnic Minority Business in Scotland and The Role of Social Capital”, International Small Business Journal, 25(3), 307-326.
  • DUBINI, Paola ve Howard ALDRICH (1991), “Personal and Extended Networks Are Central to The Entrepreneurial Process”, Journal of Business Venturing, 6(5), 305-313.
  • DUSTMANN, Christian (1999), “Temporary Migration, Human Capital, and Language Fluency of Migrants”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 101(2), 297-314.
  • EVANS, Mariah Debra Ruperti (1989), “Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effect of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool”, American Sociological Review, 54(6), 950–962.
  • FIELD, John (2006), Sosyal Sermaye, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • GENÇ, Emine (2016), İşletmelerde Yenilik ve Rekabet Stratejilerinin Rekabet Gücüne Sinerjik Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Karabük Üniversitesi.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark (1973), “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1379. GREVE, Arent ve Janet SALAFF (2003), “Social Networks and Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(1), 1-22.
  • GÜNGÖRDÜ, Sevcan (2018), Göçmen Girişimcilerin Kişilik Özellikleri ve Göçmen Girişimcilik Üzerine Algıları, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • HOANG, Ha ve Bostjan ANTONCICH (2003), “Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship A Critical Review”, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165 - 187.
  • INKPEN, Andrew ve Eric TSANG (2005), “Social Capital, Network, and Knowledge Transfer”, The Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 20.
  • İLHAN-NAS, Tülay ve Engin TOSUN (2015) Küresel Finansal Krizin Almanya'daki Türk Etnik Girişimler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Sosyal Sermayenin Rolü. TISK Academy/TISK Akademi, 10-19.
  • KANAS, Agnieszka; Frank Van TUBERGEN ve Tanja Van Der LIPPE (2009), “Immigrant Self-Employment Testing Hypotheses about the Role of Origin-and Host-Country Human Capital and Bonding and Bridging Social Capital”, Work and Occupations, 36(3), 181-208.
  • KANAS, Agnieszka ve Frank Van TUBERGEN (2009), “The Impact of Origin and Host Country Schooling on the Economic Performance of Immigrants”, Social Forces, 88(2), 893-915.
  • KOÇ, Muzaffer , İbrahim GÖRÜCÜ ve Nihat AKBIYIK (2015), “Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve İstihdam Problemleri”, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1): 63-93.
  • MATA, Jose ve Claudia ALVES (2018), “The Survival of Firms Founded By İmmigrants: Institutional Distance Between Home and Host Country, and Experience in The Host Country”, Strategic Management Journal, 39(11), 2965-2991.
  • MEYER, John ve Brian ROWAN (1977) “Institutional organizations: Formal Structure As Myth and Ceremony”, The American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
  • NAHAPIET, Janine ve Sumantra GHOSHAL (1998), “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and The Organizational Advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
  • NDOFER, Hermann Achidi ve Richard PRIEM (2011), “Immigrant Entrepreneurs, The Ethnic Enclave Strategy, and Venture Performance”, Journal of Management, 37(3), 790-818.
  • NİŞANCI, Zehra Nuray (2015), “Göçmen Girişimcilik Üzerine: Pittsburgh’daki Türk Girişimciler”.
  • NOOTEBOOM, Bart (2002), Trust. Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures, Cheltenham, UK; Northhampton, MA, USA: Elgar.
  • NORTH, Douglass (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • ÖZCAN, Ela (2016), “Çağdaş Göç Teorileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, İş ve Hayat Dergisi, 2(4), 183-215.
  • ÖZEN, Şükrü ve Zuhal ASLAN (2006), “İçsel ve Dışsal Sosyal Sermaye Yaklaşımları Açısından Türk Toplumunun Sosyal Sermaye Potansiyeli: Ortadoğu Sanayi ve Ticaret Merkezi (OSTİM) Örneği”, Akdeniz İktisadi İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 130-161.
  • ÖZER, Mehmet Akif (2013), 21. Yüzyılın Modern Yönetimi İçin Geleceğe Yön Veren Yönetim Teorileri, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • PENG, Mike ve Jessie ZHOU (2005), “How Network Strategies and İnstitutional Transitionse Volve in Asia”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(4), 321–336.
  • PORTER, Michael (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, The Free Press, New York.
  • PUTNAM, Robert (1995), “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”, Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
  • RAMIREZ, Hernan ve Pierrette HONDAGNEU-SOTELO (2009), “Mexican İmmigrant Gardeners: Entrepreneurs or Exploited Workers?”, Social Problems, 56(1), 70-88.
  • SCOTT, Richard ve John MEYER (1994), Institutional Environments and Organizations, CA: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • SEQUEIRA, Jennifer ve Abdul RASHEED (2006), “Start-up and Growth of İmmigrant Small Businesses: The İmpact of Social and Human Capital”, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(4 ), 357–375.
  • SHANE, Scott (2004), A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The İndividual-Opportunity Nexus, Edward Elgar Publishers, İngiltere.
  • SHINNAR, Rachel S. ve Dilek ZAMANTILI NAYIR (2019), “Immigrant Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 559-575.
  • SINGER, Bas P.; Bart BOSSINK ve HERMAN PUTTE (2007), “Corporate Real Estate and Competitive Strategy”, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 9(1), 25-38.
  • SUBANOVA, Aisuluu (2013), Türkiye’deki Kırgız ve Kazak Kökenli Göçmen Girişimciler Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • TANWAR, Ritika (2013), “Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies”, Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), 11-17.
  • TAS, Ali; Umut Sanem ÇİTÇİ ve Yusuf CESTENECİ (2012), “The role of Immigration as a Social Network on Shaping Entrepreneurship Tendency: A Research on Balkan Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Turkey”, Canadian Social Science, 8(4), 67-79.
  • TRACEY, Paul ve Nelson PHILLIPS (2011), “Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets Strategies for New Venture Creation in Uncertain Institutional Contexts”, Management International Review, 51(1), 23-39.
  • TYMON, Walter ve Stephen STUMPF, (2003), “Social Capital in The Success of Knowledge Workers”, Career Development International, 8(1), 12-20.
  • VINOGRADOV, Evgueni ve Lars KOLVREID (2007), “Cultural Background, Human Capital and Self-Employment Rates Among İmmigrants in Norway”, Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 19(4), 359-376.
  • WALDINGER, Roger; David MCEVOY ve Howard ALDRICH (1990), “Spatial Dimensions of Opportunity Structures”, John Stanfield (Ed.), Ethnic Entrepreneurs, içinde (106-130), London: Sage Publications.
  • WELLMAN, Barry ve Scot WORTLEY (1990), “Different Strokes From Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support”, The American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 558-589.
  • WHITLEY, Richard (2000), The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences, Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • WITT, Peter (2004), “Entrepreneurs’ Networks and The Successof Start-ups”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(5), 391-412.
  • ZHOU, Lianxi; Wei-Ping WU ve Xueming LUO (2007), “Internationalization and The Performance of Born-Global SMEs: The Mediating Role of Social Networks”, Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673-690.
  • ZHOU, Min ve Myungduk CHO (2010), “Noneconomic Effects of Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Focused Look at the Chinese and Korean Enclave Economies in Los Angeles”, Thunderbird İnternational Business Review, 52(2), 83-96.
Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 68 - 89, 04.01.2021

Abstract

References

  • ADLER, Paul ve Seok KWON (2002), “Social Capital: Prospectsfor A New Concept”, Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
  • ALDRICH, Howard ve Jennifer CLIFF (2003), “The Pervasive Effects of Family on Entrepreneurship: Toward A Family Embeddedness Perspective”, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573-596.
  • ASHOURIZADEH, Shayegheh; Thomas SCHOTT; Ece PİŞİKİNSÜT ŞENGÜLER ve Yi WANG (2016), “Exporting by Migrants and İndigenous Entrepreneurs: Contingent on Gender and Education”, International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 16(3), 264-283.
  • ATSAN, Nuray (2017), “Etnik Girişimlerin Doğuşu ve Gelişiminde Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Almanya’da Türk Girişimciler Örneği”, Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 1-16.
  • BAGWELL, Susan (2008), “Transnational Family Networks and Ethnic Minority Business Development”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 14(6), 377-394.
  • BAL, Yasemin (2011), Rekabet Stratejilerinin İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarına Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • BAŞ, Türker (2013), Anket, 7. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • BATES, Timothy (1990), “Entrepreneur Human Capital İnputs and Small Business Longevity”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(4), 551-559.
  • BEAL, Reginald ve Masoud YASAI ARDEKANI (2000),“Performance Implications of Aligning CEO Functional Experiences with Competitive Strategies”, Journal of Management, 26(4), 733-762.
  • BECKER, Gery (1964), Human capital: A Theore Ticaland Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, New York: Columbia University Press,
  • BOURDIEU, Pierre; ve Loïc JD WACQUANT (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology, University of Chicago Press.
  • BRUDERL Josef ve Peter PREISENDORFER (1998), “Network Support and The Success of Newly Founded Business”, Small Business Economics, 10(3): 213-225.
  • BURT, Ronalds (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • CHAGANTI, Radba ve Patricia GREENE (2002), “Who Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs? A Study of Entrepreneurs’ Ethnic Involvement and Business Characteristics”, Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 126-143.
  • CHAND, Masud ve Majid GHORBANI (2011), “National Culture, Networks, Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of The Indian and Chinese İmmigrants in The US”, International Business Review, 20, 593-606.
  • CHANDLER, Gaylen ve Steven HANKS (1998), “An Examination of The Substitutability of Founders’ Human and financial Capital in Emerging Business Ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, 3(5), 353-370.
  • CHISWICK, Barry ve Paul MILLER (2002), “Immigrant Earnings: Language Skills, Linguistic Concentrations and The Business Cycle”, Journal of Population Economics, 15(1): 31-57.
  • CHRYSOSTOME, Elie (2010), “The Success Factors of Necessity Immigrant Entrepreneurs: In Search of A Model”,Thunderbird International Business Review, 52,(2), 137-152.
  • CHRYSOSTOME, Elie ve Sebastien ARCAND (2009), “Survival of Necessity Immigrant Entrepreneurs: An Exploratory Study”, Journal of Comparative International Management, 12(2), 3-29.
  • COLEMAN, James (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
  • ÇAKAR, Mehmet (2008), Ankara’ya Yerleşen Kosova-Prizren Göçmenlerinin İçsel ve Dışsal Sosyal Sermaye Kullanımları: Örnek Olay Çalışması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • DAVIDSSON, Per ve Honig, Benson (2003), “The Role of Social and Human Capital Among Nascent Entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing,18(3), 301-331.
  • DEAKINS, David; Mohammed ISHAQ; David SMALLBONE; Geoff WHITTAM ve Janette WYPER (2007), “Ethnic Minority Business in Scotland and The Role of Social Capital”, International Small Business Journal, 25(3), 307-326.
  • DUBINI, Paola ve Howard ALDRICH (1991), “Personal and Extended Networks Are Central to The Entrepreneurial Process”, Journal of Business Venturing, 6(5), 305-313.
  • DUSTMANN, Christian (1999), “Temporary Migration, Human Capital, and Language Fluency of Migrants”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 101(2), 297-314.
  • EVANS, Mariah Debra Ruperti (1989), “Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effect of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool”, American Sociological Review, 54(6), 950–962.
  • FIELD, John (2006), Sosyal Sermaye, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • GENÇ, Emine (2016), İşletmelerde Yenilik ve Rekabet Stratejilerinin Rekabet Gücüne Sinerjik Etkisi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Karabük Üniversitesi.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark (1973), “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1379. GREVE, Arent ve Janet SALAFF (2003), “Social Networks and Entrepreneurship”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(1), 1-22.
  • GÜNGÖRDÜ, Sevcan (2018), Göçmen Girişimcilerin Kişilik Özellikleri ve Göçmen Girişimcilik Üzerine Algıları, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • HOANG, Ha ve Bostjan ANTONCICH (2003), “Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship A Critical Review”, Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165 - 187.
  • INKPEN, Andrew ve Eric TSANG (2005), “Social Capital, Network, and Knowledge Transfer”, The Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 20.
  • İLHAN-NAS, Tülay ve Engin TOSUN (2015) Küresel Finansal Krizin Almanya'daki Türk Etnik Girişimler Üzerindeki Etkileri: Sosyal Sermayenin Rolü. TISK Academy/TISK Akademi, 10-19.
  • KANAS, Agnieszka; Frank Van TUBERGEN ve Tanja Van Der LIPPE (2009), “Immigrant Self-Employment Testing Hypotheses about the Role of Origin-and Host-Country Human Capital and Bonding and Bridging Social Capital”, Work and Occupations, 36(3), 181-208.
  • KANAS, Agnieszka ve Frank Van TUBERGEN (2009), “The Impact of Origin and Host Country Schooling on the Economic Performance of Immigrants”, Social Forces, 88(2), 893-915.
  • KOÇ, Muzaffer , İbrahim GÖRÜCÜ ve Nihat AKBIYIK (2015), “Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve İstihdam Problemleri”, Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1): 63-93.
  • MATA, Jose ve Claudia ALVES (2018), “The Survival of Firms Founded By İmmigrants: Institutional Distance Between Home and Host Country, and Experience in The Host Country”, Strategic Management Journal, 39(11), 2965-2991.
  • MEYER, John ve Brian ROWAN (1977) “Institutional organizations: Formal Structure As Myth and Ceremony”, The American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
  • NAHAPIET, Janine ve Sumantra GHOSHAL (1998), “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and The Organizational Advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
  • NDOFER, Hermann Achidi ve Richard PRIEM (2011), “Immigrant Entrepreneurs, The Ethnic Enclave Strategy, and Venture Performance”, Journal of Management, 37(3), 790-818.
  • NİŞANCI, Zehra Nuray (2015), “Göçmen Girişimcilik Üzerine: Pittsburgh’daki Türk Girişimciler”.
  • NOOTEBOOM, Bart (2002), Trust. Forms, Foundations, Functions, Failures and Figures, Cheltenham, UK; Northhampton, MA, USA: Elgar.
  • NORTH, Douglass (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • ÖZCAN, Ela (2016), “Çağdaş Göç Teorileri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, İş ve Hayat Dergisi, 2(4), 183-215.
  • ÖZEN, Şükrü ve Zuhal ASLAN (2006), “İçsel ve Dışsal Sosyal Sermaye Yaklaşımları Açısından Türk Toplumunun Sosyal Sermaye Potansiyeli: Ortadoğu Sanayi ve Ticaret Merkezi (OSTİM) Örneği”, Akdeniz İktisadi İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 130-161.
  • ÖZER, Mehmet Akif (2013), 21. Yüzyılın Modern Yönetimi İçin Geleceğe Yön Veren Yönetim Teorileri, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • PENG, Mike ve Jessie ZHOU (2005), “How Network Strategies and İnstitutional Transitionse Volve in Asia”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22(4), 321–336.
  • PORTER, Michael (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, The Free Press, New York.
  • PUTNAM, Robert (1995), “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital”, Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
  • RAMIREZ, Hernan ve Pierrette HONDAGNEU-SOTELO (2009), “Mexican İmmigrant Gardeners: Entrepreneurs or Exploited Workers?”, Social Problems, 56(1), 70-88.
  • SCOTT, Richard ve John MEYER (1994), Institutional Environments and Organizations, CA: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • SEQUEIRA, Jennifer ve Abdul RASHEED (2006), “Start-up and Growth of İmmigrant Small Businesses: The İmpact of Social and Human Capital”, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(4 ), 357–375.
  • SHANE, Scott (2004), A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The İndividual-Opportunity Nexus, Edward Elgar Publishers, İngiltere.
  • SHINNAR, Rachel S. ve Dilek ZAMANTILI NAYIR (2019), “Immigrant Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Small Business Management, 57(2), 559-575.
  • SINGER, Bas P.; Bart BOSSINK ve HERMAN PUTTE (2007), “Corporate Real Estate and Competitive Strategy”, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 9(1), 25-38.
  • SUBANOVA, Aisuluu (2013), Türkiye’deki Kırgız ve Kazak Kökenli Göçmen Girişimciler Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • TANWAR, Ritika (2013), “Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies”, Journal of Business and Management, 15(1), 11-17.
  • TAS, Ali; Umut Sanem ÇİTÇİ ve Yusuf CESTENECİ (2012), “The role of Immigration as a Social Network on Shaping Entrepreneurship Tendency: A Research on Balkan Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Turkey”, Canadian Social Science, 8(4), 67-79.
  • TRACEY, Paul ve Nelson PHILLIPS (2011), “Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets Strategies for New Venture Creation in Uncertain Institutional Contexts”, Management International Review, 51(1), 23-39.
  • TYMON, Walter ve Stephen STUMPF, (2003), “Social Capital in The Success of Knowledge Workers”, Career Development International, 8(1), 12-20.
  • VINOGRADOV, Evgueni ve Lars KOLVREID (2007), “Cultural Background, Human Capital and Self-Employment Rates Among İmmigrants in Norway”, Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 19(4), 359-376.
  • WALDINGER, Roger; David MCEVOY ve Howard ALDRICH (1990), “Spatial Dimensions of Opportunity Structures”, John Stanfield (Ed.), Ethnic Entrepreneurs, içinde (106-130), London: Sage Publications.
  • WELLMAN, Barry ve Scot WORTLEY (1990), “Different Strokes From Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support”, The American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 558-589.
  • WHITLEY, Richard (2000), The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences, Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • WITT, Peter (2004), “Entrepreneurs’ Networks and The Successof Start-ups”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(5), 391-412.
  • ZHOU, Lianxi; Wei-Ping WU ve Xueming LUO (2007), “Internationalization and The Performance of Born-Global SMEs: The Mediating Role of Social Networks”, Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673-690.
  • ZHOU, Min ve Myungduk CHO (2010), “Noneconomic Effects of Ethnic Entrepreneurship: A Focused Look at the Chinese and Korean Enclave Economies in Los Angeles”, Thunderbird İnternational Business Review, 52(2), 83-96.
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tülay İlhan 0000-0002-6264-7948

Yağmur Çolak 0000-0002-1214-578X

Publication Date January 4, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 18

Cite

APA İlhan, T., & Çolak, Y. (2021). İTME VE ÇEKME FAKTÖRLERİNİN GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLERİN ALGILANAN REKABET STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SURİYELİ GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİ ÖRNEĞİ. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 9(18), 68-89.