Abstract
Natural fibers have received considerable attention as a substitute for synthetic fiber reinforcements in thermoplastics. As replacements for conventional synthetic fibers like aramid and glass fibers, natural fibers are increasingly used for reinforcement in thermoplastics due to their low density, good thermal insulation and mechanical properties, reduced tool wear, unlimited availability, low price, and problem-free disposal. Natural fibers also offer economical and environmental advantages over traditional inorganic reinforcements and fillers. As a result of these advantages, natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are gaining popularity in automotive, garden decking, fencing, railing, and non-structural building applications, such as exterior window and door profiles, siding. Another class of naturally-sourced reinforcements of recent interest is nanocellulose-based reinforcements. This study provide a short review on developments in the area of cellulose based fibers and nanocellulose and their applications in cellulose fiber based industries such as wood-plastic composites (WPC).
Keywords
Lignocellulosic fibers Nanocellulose Reinforcing lignocellulosic filler Thermoplastic composite Wood
References
- Ashori, A. (2008). Wood-plastic composites as promising green-composites for automotive industries. Bioresource Technology 99:4661–67.
- Bismarck A., Baltazar, Y.C., Sarlkakis, K. (2006). Green composites as Panacea? Socio-economic aspects of green materials. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:445–63.
- Peijs, T., Cabrera, N., Alcock, B., Schimanski, T., Loos, J. (2002). In: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Fibre Reinforced Composites - FRC 2002, Gibson, A.G. (Ed.); March 26-28, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Panthapulakkal, S., Zereshkian, A., Sain, M. (2006). Preparation and characterization of wheat straw fibers for reinforcing application in injection molded thermoplastic composites. Bioresource Technology 97:265–72.
- Ashori, A., Jalaluddin, H., Raverty, W.D., Mohd Nor, M.Y. (2006.9. Chemical and morphological characteristics of Malaysian cultivated kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fiber. Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering 45:131–34.
- Ashori, A. (2006). Non-wood fibers – A potential source of raw material in papermaking. Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering 45(10): 1133–1136.
- Smook, G.A. (1992). Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. 2nd ed. Vancouver: Angus Wilde.
- Sjöström, E. (1993). Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic publisher.
- Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell, J.K. (1997). Paper and composites from agrobased resources. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- Rowell, R.M., Clemons, C.M. (1992). Chemical modification of wood fiber for thermoplasticity, compatibilization with plastics and dimensional stability, In: Maloney, T.M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium, Pullman, WA, pp. 251–259.
- TAPPI Test Methods. (2002). Tappi Press: Atlanta. GA.
- Durán, N., Lemes, A.P., Durán, M., Freer, J., Baeza, J. (2011). A mini review of cellulose nanocrystals and its potential integration as co-product in bioethanol production. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 56:672-77.
- Klemm, D., Kramer, F., Moritz, S., Lindström, T., Ankerfors, M., Gray, D., Dorris, A. (2011). Nanocelluloses: a new family of nature-based materials. Angewandte Chemie Int Edition 50: 5438 – 66.
- Spence, K.L., Venditti, R.A., Rojas,O.J., Habibi, Y., Pawlak, J.J. (2011). A comparative study of energy consumption and physical properties of microfibrillated cellulose produced by different processing methods. Cellulose, 18:1097–111.
- Jacoby, M. (2014). Nano from the forest. Chemical & Engineering News 92:9-12.
- Anonymous. (2014). Noticias de Nanotecnología. www.tecnologianano.com (Accessed June 20, 2014).
- Anonymous. 2014b. Silvantris: Primer on NanoFibers and NanoCellulose. Silvantris, LLC, Orem, UT, USA, www.silvantris.com. [Accessed 15 June 2014].
- Iwamoto, S., Yamamoto, S., Lee, S.H., Endo, T. (2014). Mechanical properties
- of polypropylene composites reinforced by surface-coated microfibrillated cellulose. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 59: 26–29.
- Jang, J.H., Lee, S.H., Endo, T., Kim, N.H. (2013). Characteristics of microfibrillated cellulosic fibers and paper sheets from Korean white pine. Wood Science and Technology 47:925–37.
- Kettunen, M. (2013). Cellulose nanofibrils as a functional material. PhD diss., Aalto University, Helsinki.
- Kwon, J.H., Lee, S.H., Ayrilmis, N., Han, T.H. (2014). Effect of microfibrillated cellulose content on the bonding performance of urea-formaldehyde resin. Proceedings of the 57th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen June 23-27, Zvolen, Slovakia, p:683-
- -
- Turbak, A.F., Snyder, F.W.,Sandberg, K.R. (1983). Microfibrillated cellulose, a new cellulose product: Properties, uses and commercial potential. Journal of Applied Applied Polymer Science 37:815–27.
- Zhou, C., Wu, Q. (2012). Chapter 6: Recent development in applications of cellulose nanocrystals for advanced polymer-based nanocomposites by novel fabrication strategies. Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: Nanocrystals – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (Ed: Nerella, S.). Rijeka: Intech Publisher, p: 103-120.
- Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., Rojas, O.J. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chemical Reviews 110: 3479-500.
Abstract
Son yıllarda doğal liflerin termoplastik kompozitler içerisinde güçlendirici olarak kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Aramid ve cam lifleri gibi sentetik güçlendiricilerle karşılaştırdığında doğal lifler düşük yoğunluğa sahip olmaları, iyi termal izolasyona ve mekanik özelliklere sahip olmaları, makineleri az aşındırmaları, yenilenebilir olmaları nedeniyle doğada sınırsız bulunmaları, ucuz olmaları ve geri dönüşüm ile tekrar kullanılabilmeleri gibi üstün avantajlarıyla termoplastik endüstrisinde kullanımı hızla artmaktadır. Bahsi geçen önemli avantajlarının bir sonucu olarak selüloz esaslı liflerin, otomobil endüstrisinde koltuk ve kapı iç akşamlarında, bahçe çitleri ile pencere kapı profilleri, havuz kenarları, üst geçitler ve kafeteryalarda döşeme malzemesi, dış cephe kaplaması gibi yapısal olmayan bina uygulamalarında kullanımları hızla artmaktadır. Son yıllarda doğal güçlendiriciler arasında yer alan nanoselüloz de giderek ilgi çekmekte ve ticarileştirilmesi üzerine önemli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ahşap plastik kompozit gibi selüloz içeren termoplastik kompozit ürünlerde kullanılan selüloz esaslı lifler ve nanoselüloz üzerine gelişmeler hakkında bilgi verişmiştir
References
- Ashori, A. (2008). Wood-plastic composites as promising green-composites for automotive industries. Bioresource Technology 99:4661–67.
- Bismarck A., Baltazar, Y.C., Sarlkakis, K. (2006). Green composites as Panacea? Socio-economic aspects of green materials. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:445–63.
- Peijs, T., Cabrera, N., Alcock, B., Schimanski, T., Loos, J. (2002). In: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Fibre Reinforced Composites - FRC 2002, Gibson, A.G. (Ed.); March 26-28, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Panthapulakkal, S., Zereshkian, A., Sain, M. (2006). Preparation and characterization of wheat straw fibers for reinforcing application in injection molded thermoplastic composites. Bioresource Technology 97:265–72.
- Ashori, A., Jalaluddin, H., Raverty, W.D., Mohd Nor, M.Y. (2006.9. Chemical and morphological characteristics of Malaysian cultivated kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fiber. Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering 45:131–34.
- Ashori, A. (2006). Non-wood fibers – A potential source of raw material in papermaking. Polymer-Plastics Technology & Engineering 45(10): 1133–1136.
- Smook, G.A. (1992). Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. 2nd ed. Vancouver: Angus Wilde.
- Sjöström, E. (1993). Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic publisher.
- Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell, J.K. (1997). Paper and composites from agrobased resources. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
- Rowell, R.M., Clemons, C.M. (1992). Chemical modification of wood fiber for thermoplasticity, compatibilization with plastics and dimensional stability, In: Maloney, T.M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium, Pullman, WA, pp. 251–259.
- TAPPI Test Methods. (2002). Tappi Press: Atlanta. GA.
- Durán, N., Lemes, A.P., Durán, M., Freer, J., Baeza, J. (2011). A mini review of cellulose nanocrystals and its potential integration as co-product in bioethanol production. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 56:672-77.
- Klemm, D., Kramer, F., Moritz, S., Lindström, T., Ankerfors, M., Gray, D., Dorris, A. (2011). Nanocelluloses: a new family of nature-based materials. Angewandte Chemie Int Edition 50: 5438 – 66.
- Spence, K.L., Venditti, R.A., Rojas,O.J., Habibi, Y., Pawlak, J.J. (2011). A comparative study of energy consumption and physical properties of microfibrillated cellulose produced by different processing methods. Cellulose, 18:1097–111.
- Jacoby, M. (2014). Nano from the forest. Chemical & Engineering News 92:9-12.
- Anonymous. (2014). Noticias de Nanotecnología. www.tecnologianano.com (Accessed June 20, 2014).
- Anonymous. 2014b. Silvantris: Primer on NanoFibers and NanoCellulose. Silvantris, LLC, Orem, UT, USA, www.silvantris.com. [Accessed 15 June 2014].
- Iwamoto, S., Yamamoto, S., Lee, S.H., Endo, T. (2014). Mechanical properties
- of polypropylene composites reinforced by surface-coated microfibrillated cellulose. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 59: 26–29.
- Jang, J.H., Lee, S.H., Endo, T., Kim, N.H. (2013). Characteristics of microfibrillated cellulosic fibers and paper sheets from Korean white pine. Wood Science and Technology 47:925–37.
- Kettunen, M. (2013). Cellulose nanofibrils as a functional material. PhD diss., Aalto University, Helsinki.
- Kwon, J.H., Lee, S.H., Ayrilmis, N., Han, T.H. (2014). Effect of microfibrillated cellulose content on the bonding performance of urea-formaldehyde resin. Proceedings of the 57th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen June 23-27, Zvolen, Slovakia, p:683-
- -
- Turbak, A.F., Snyder, F.W.,Sandberg, K.R. (1983). Microfibrillated cellulose, a new cellulose product: Properties, uses and commercial potential. Journal of Applied Applied Polymer Science 37:815–27.
- Zhou, C., Wu, Q. (2012). Chapter 6: Recent development in applications of cellulose nanocrystals for advanced polymer-based nanocomposites by novel fabrication strategies. Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: Nanocrystals – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications (Ed: Nerella, S.). Rijeka: Intech Publisher, p: 103-120.
- Habibi, Y., Lucia, L.A., Rojas, O.J. (2010). Cellulose nanocrystals: chemistry, self-assembly, and applications. Chemical Reviews 110: 3479-500.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 25, 2015 |
| Submission Date | September 22, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |
Cited By
Study on Water Resistance of Polypropylene Based Wood-Plastic Composites Used in Building
Composites and Advanced Materials
https://doi.org/10.1177/26349833231218017
Cellulose Microgel Toughening of Starch Nanocomposites: Exploiting the Advantages of Micro-Nanoscale Networks
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05123
The impact of esterified nanofibrillated cellulose content on the properties of thermoplastic starch/PBAT biocomposite films through ball-milling
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127462
APPROACHING SUSTAINABILITY: NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED ELASTOMERS—A REVIEW
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
https://doi.org/10.5254/rct.22.77013
Nano-fibrillenmiş Selüloz / EPDM Kompozitlerin Mekanik, Reolojik ve Yaşlanma Özellikleri
Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.934238
E-mail: Hbarist@gmail.com
ISSN: 2147-7493
Eurasian Journal of Forest Science © 2013 is licensed under CC BY 4.0