Research Article
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Two different methods of sperm collection in European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758)

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 126 - 131, 15.06.2023

Merve Tınkır Adil Yilayaz Devrim Memiş

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.2.06

Abstract

The European catfish (Silurus glanis L., 1758) is an important species for the aquaculture sector and the production of quality broodstock in artificial fertilization methods as well. One of the crucial steps determining the success of the reproduction of catfish is to obtain sufficient and good-quality sperm. The aim of this study is to compare two different methods used to obtain sperm from European catfish. The first method is surgery extraction of testicular sperm from taking testicles (CS) and the second method collection of sperm by stripping (SS). The fertilization rate was calculated as a percent for CS and SS groups and the highest fertilization rate was found in the SS group (81.87 ± 17.38%). According to the findings in the present study, it was concluded that it is not necessary to kill male European catfish to get sperm for fertilization.

Keywords

European catfish fertilization reproduction sperm collection method

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University

Project Number

FDK-2021-37544

Thanks

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. We also thank the Management of the Mediterranean Fisheries Research Production and Training Institute to give us research opportunities.

References

  • Adebayo, O. T., Fasakin, E. A., & Adewumi, J. A. (2012). Reproductive performance of partial gonadectomized male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus broodstocks. Theriogenology, 77(6),1050-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.027
  • Akyurt, İ. (1988). A research on the bioecology and economic value of catfish (Silurus glanis L.) living in the Karasu Stream of the Iğdır Plain. Atatürk University, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 19(1-4): 175-188 (in Turkish).
  • Alavi, S. M. H., Cosson, J., Bondarenko, O., & Linhart, O. (2019). Sperm motility in fishes:(III) diversity of regulatory signals from membrane to the axoneme. Theriogenology, 136, 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.038
  • Alp, A., Kara, C., & Büyükçapar, H.M. (2004). Reproductive biology in a native European catfish, Silurus glanis L.,1758, population in menzelet reservoir. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 28, 613-622.
  • Alp, A., Kara, C., Üçkardeş, F., Carol, J., & García-Berthou, E. (2011). Age and growth of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a Turkish Reservoir and comparison with introduced populations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 21(2), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9168-4
  • Alpbaz, A., & Hoşsucu, H. (1996). Freshwater fish culture (Eel, European catfish, Northern pike, Zander, Koregon, Tilapia). Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries Publications, İzmir. (in Turkish).
  • Alpaz, A. (2005). Aquaculture. Alp Publications, İzmir, Türkiye 548, ISBN 975-97056-1-3. (in Turkish).
  • Billard, R., Linhart, O., Fierville, F., & Cosson, J. (1997). Motility of European catfish Silurus glanis spermatozoa in testes and in sperm. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 44(1-2).
  • Bora, N.D., & Gül, A. (2004). Feeding biology of Silurus glanis (L.,1758) living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 28, 471- 479.
  • Boryshpolets, S., Dzyuba, B., Stejskal, V., & Linhart, O. (2009). Dynamics of ATP and movement in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) sperm in conditions of decreasing osmolality. Theriogenology, 72(6), 851-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.005
  • Brzuska, E. (2001). Artificial spawning of European catfish, (Silurus glanis L.): Differences between propagation results after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary and ovopel. Aquaculture Research, 32, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2001.00520.x
  • Copp, G.H., Robert Britton, J., Cucherousset, J., García‐Berthou, E., Kirk, R., Peeler, E., & Stakėnas, S. (2009). Voracious invader or benign feline? A review of the environmental biology of European catfish Silurus glanis in its native and introduced ranges. Fish and Fisheries (3), 252-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00321.x
  • Çelikkale, M. S. (1988). Freshwater Fish and Farming. Karadeniz Technical University Press, Trabzon (in Turkish).
  • Çelikkale, M. S. (1994). Freshwater Fish and Farming. Karadeniz Technical University Sürmene Faculty of Marine Sciences Publications, Trabzon (in Turkish).
  • Diyaware, M.Y., Haruna, A.B., & Abubakar, K.A. (2010). Determination of testes regeneration period for African catfish (Clarias anguillaris) after sperm (semen) collection through ablation. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(6), 375-379.
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  • Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/search.php
  • Geffen, A.J., & Evans, J.P. (2000). Sperm traits and fertilization success of male and sex-reversed female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 182(1-2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00248-3
  • Geldiay, R., & Balık S. (1988). Freshwater Fish of Turkey. İzmir, Türkiye (in Turkish).
  • Horvath, L., & Tamas, G. (1976). The reproduction of the sheat fish (Silurus glanis L.) and raising of the sheat fish forced fry. Halasz Tudom Mellék, 2, 11-13.
  • Horvath, L., Tomas, G., & Seagrave, C. (1992). Carp and pond fish culture, 1st edition, 158p.
  • Hulak, M., Rodina, M., & Linhart, O. (2008). Characteristics of stripped and testicular Northern pike (Esox lucius) sperm: spermatozoa motility and velocity. Aquatic Living Resources, 21(2), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2008022
  • Idahor, K.O., Hamza, J., Okunsebor, S.A., Osayande, U.D., Isah, N., Osaiyuwu, O.H., & Sokunbi, O.A. (2018). Spermatozoa revival with addition of diluted dextrose saline in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus
  • Burchell, 1822). International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 4(2), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-941x.0402002
  • Kouril, J., Hamackova, J., Linhart, O., Barth, T., Glubokov, A.I., & Haffray, P. (1996). Induced ovulation of European catfish (Silurus glanis) by carp pituitary, GnRH analogue and/or dopamine inhibitor isofloxythepin. Zivocisna Vyroba-UZPI (Czech Republic).
  • Krasznai, Z., Gy, K., & Olah, J. (1980). Technological basis of the intensive sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.) culture. Aquacultura Hungarica, 2, 147-153.
  • Kristan, J., Samarin, A.M., Malinovskyi, O., & Policar, T. (2020). Gamete management for artificial reproduction of northern pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaculture, 528, 735575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735575
  • Křišťan, J., Hatef, A., Alavi, S.M.H., & Policar, T. (2014). Sperm morphology, ultrastructure, and motility in pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Percidae, Teleostei) associated with various activation media. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.17221/7188-CJAS
  • Labbé, C., Robles, V., & Herraez, M. P. (2017). Epigenetics in fish gametes and early embryo. Aquaculture, 472, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.026
  • Legendre, M., Linhart, O., & Billard, R. (1996). Spawning and management of gametes, fertilized eggs and embryos in Siluroidei. Aquatic Living Resources, 9(S1), 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:1996042
  • Linhart, O., Kouřil, J., & Hamáčková, J. (1987). Increased rate of egg fertilization in artificial propagation of sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.) by means of suppressing the movements of spermatozoa with immobilization solution. Aquaculture, 65(3-4), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90247-X
  • Linhart, O., Gela, D., Flajshans, M., Duda, P., Rodina, M., & Novák, V. (2000). Alcalase enzyme treatment for elimination of egg stickiness in tench, Tinca tinca L. Aquaculture, 191(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00433-6
  • Linhart, O., Šĕtch, L., Švarc, J., Rodina, M., Audebert, J.P., Grecu, J., & Billard, R. (2002). The culture of the European catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Czech Republic and in France. Aquatic Living Resources, 15(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(02)01153-1
  • Linhart, O., Gela, D., Rodina, M., & Kocour, M. (2004). Optimization of artificial propagation in European catfish, Silurus glanis L. Aquaculture, 235(1-4), 619-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.031
  • Linhart, O., Alavi, S.M.H., Rodina, M., Gela, D., & Cosson, J. (2008). Comparison of sperm velocity, motility and fertilizing ability between firstly and secondly activated spermatozoa of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01138.x
  • Linhart, O., Cheng, Y., Rodina, M., Gela, D., Tučková, V., Shelton, W.L., Tinkir, M, Memiş, D., & Xin, M. (2020). AQUA_2020_1080: Sperm management of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) for effective reproduction and genetic conservation. Aquaculture, 529, 735620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735620
  • Neiffer, D.L., & Stamper, M.A. (2009). Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR Journal, 50(4), 343-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.343
  • Paschos, I., Nathanailides, C., Perdikaris, C., & Tsoumani, M. (2004). Comparison of morphology, growth and survival between Silurus glanis, S. aristotelis and their hybrid during larval and juvenile stages. Aquaculture Research, 35(1), 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.00983.x
  • Romanova E.M., Lyubomirova V.N., Romanov V.V., & Mukhitova M.E. (2017). Innovative approaches to receiving reproductive products of African sharptooth catfish in pool aquaculture. Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy, (3), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2017-3-88-93
  • Sanap, B.N., Ambulkar, R.S., Kamble, S.D., & Chaturvedi, C. S. (2018). Post-dissection survival, conservation and reutilization of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) male broodstock. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 2010-2017. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.240
  • Saygı, H., & Güleç, F. (2019). Fully controlled production and sex control of European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(6), 913-918. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.913-918.2528
  • Saylar, Ö. (1993). Comparative age determination methods and length-weight relationships in Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758) population living in Altınkaya Dam Lake and Kabalar Pond. Doctoral Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science, Ankara (in Turkish only abstract in English).
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Avrupa yayın balıklarında (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758) iki farklı sperm toplama yöntemi

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 126 - 131, 15.06.2023

Merve Tınkır Adil Yilayaz Devrim Memiş

https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.2.06

Abstract

Avrupa yayın balığı (Silurus glanis L., 1758) su ürünleri sektörü ve yapay üretim yöntemlerinde kaliteli anaç üretimi için önemli bir türdür. Yayın balığı üreme başarısını belirleyen en önemli adımlardan biri yeterli ve kaliteli sperm elde etmektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa yayın balığından sperm elde etmek için kullanılan iki farklı yöntemi karşılaştırmaktır. İlk yöntem, testislerden cerrahi olarak sperm elde edilmesi (CS) ve ikinci yöntem ise sağım yoluyla sperm toplanmasıdır (SS). Döllenme oranı CS ve SS grupları arasında yüzde olarak hesaplanmış olup döllenme oranı en yüksek (%81.87±17.38) SS grubunda elde edilmiştir. Mevcut çalışmadaki bulgulara göre, döllenme için sperm elde etme yönteminde erkek Avrupa yayın balığını öldürmenin gerekli olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Avrupa yayın balığı döllenme üreme sperm toplama metodu

Project Number

FDK-2021-37544

References

  • Adebayo, O. T., Fasakin, E. A., & Adewumi, J. A. (2012). Reproductive performance of partial gonadectomized male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus broodstocks. Theriogenology, 77(6),1050-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.027
  • Akyurt, İ. (1988). A research on the bioecology and economic value of catfish (Silurus glanis L.) living in the Karasu Stream of the Iğdır Plain. Atatürk University, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 19(1-4): 175-188 (in Turkish).
  • Alavi, S. M. H., Cosson, J., Bondarenko, O., & Linhart, O. (2019). Sperm motility in fishes:(III) diversity of regulatory signals from membrane to the axoneme. Theriogenology, 136, 143-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.038
  • Alp, A., Kara, C., & Büyükçapar, H.M. (2004). Reproductive biology in a native European catfish, Silurus glanis L.,1758, population in menzelet reservoir. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 28, 613-622.
  • Alp, A., Kara, C., Üçkardeş, F., Carol, J., & García-Berthou, E. (2011). Age and growth of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a Turkish Reservoir and comparison with introduced populations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 21(2), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9168-4
  • Alpbaz, A., & Hoşsucu, H. (1996). Freshwater fish culture (Eel, European catfish, Northern pike, Zander, Koregon, Tilapia). Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries Publications, İzmir. (in Turkish).
  • Alpaz, A. (2005). Aquaculture. Alp Publications, İzmir, Türkiye 548, ISBN 975-97056-1-3. (in Turkish).
  • Billard, R., Linhart, O., Fierville, F., & Cosson, J. (1997). Motility of European catfish Silurus glanis spermatozoa in testes and in sperm. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 44(1-2).
  • Bora, N.D., & Gül, A. (2004). Feeding biology of Silurus glanis (L.,1758) living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 28, 471- 479.
  • Boryshpolets, S., Dzyuba, B., Stejskal, V., & Linhart, O. (2009). Dynamics of ATP and movement in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) sperm in conditions of decreasing osmolality. Theriogenology, 72(6), 851-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.005
  • Brzuska, E. (2001). Artificial spawning of European catfish, (Silurus glanis L.): Differences between propagation results after stimulation of ovulation with carp pituitary and ovopel. Aquaculture Research, 32, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2001.00520.x
  • Copp, G.H., Robert Britton, J., Cucherousset, J., García‐Berthou, E., Kirk, R., Peeler, E., & Stakėnas, S. (2009). Voracious invader or benign feline? A review of the environmental biology of European catfish Silurus glanis in its native and introduced ranges. Fish and Fisheries (3), 252-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00321.x
  • Çelikkale, M. S. (1988). Freshwater Fish and Farming. Karadeniz Technical University Press, Trabzon (in Turkish).
  • Çelikkale, M. S. (1994). Freshwater Fish and Farming. Karadeniz Technical University Sürmene Faculty of Marine Sciences Publications, Trabzon (in Turkish).
  • Diyaware, M.Y., Haruna, A.B., & Abubakar, K.A. (2010). Determination of testes regeneration period for African catfish (Clarias anguillaris) after sperm (semen) collection through ablation. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(6), 375-379.
  • FAO (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fish Stat Plus. http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/FISHPLUS.asp (03.03.2022)
  • Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2019). FishBase. World Wide Web Electronic Publication. https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/search.php
  • Geffen, A.J., & Evans, J.P. (2000). Sperm traits and fertilization success of male and sex-reversed female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 182(1-2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00248-3
  • Geldiay, R., & Balık S. (1988). Freshwater Fish of Turkey. İzmir, Türkiye (in Turkish).
  • Horvath, L., & Tamas, G. (1976). The reproduction of the sheat fish (Silurus glanis L.) and raising of the sheat fish forced fry. Halasz Tudom Mellék, 2, 11-13.
  • Horvath, L., Tomas, G., & Seagrave, C. (1992). Carp and pond fish culture, 1st edition, 158p.
  • Hulak, M., Rodina, M., & Linhart, O. (2008). Characteristics of stripped and testicular Northern pike (Esox lucius) sperm: spermatozoa motility and velocity. Aquatic Living Resources, 21(2), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2008022
  • Idahor, K.O., Hamza, J., Okunsebor, S.A., Osayande, U.D., Isah, N., Osaiyuwu, O.H., & Sokunbi, O.A. (2018). Spermatozoa revival with addition of diluted dextrose saline in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus
  • Burchell, 1822). International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology, 4(2), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-941x.0402002
  • Kouril, J., Hamackova, J., Linhart, O., Barth, T., Glubokov, A.I., & Haffray, P. (1996). Induced ovulation of European catfish (Silurus glanis) by carp pituitary, GnRH analogue and/or dopamine inhibitor isofloxythepin. Zivocisna Vyroba-UZPI (Czech Republic).
  • Krasznai, Z., Gy, K., & Olah, J. (1980). Technological basis of the intensive sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.) culture. Aquacultura Hungarica, 2, 147-153.
  • Kristan, J., Samarin, A.M., Malinovskyi, O., & Policar, T. (2020). Gamete management for artificial reproduction of northern pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758). Aquaculture, 528, 735575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735575
  • Křišťan, J., Hatef, A., Alavi, S.M.H., & Policar, T. (2014). Sperm morphology, ultrastructure, and motility in pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Percidae, Teleostei) associated with various activation media. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.17221/7188-CJAS
  • Labbé, C., Robles, V., & Herraez, M. P. (2017). Epigenetics in fish gametes and early embryo. Aquaculture, 472, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.026
  • Legendre, M., Linhart, O., & Billard, R. (1996). Spawning and management of gametes, fertilized eggs and embryos in Siluroidei. Aquatic Living Resources, 9(S1), 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:1996042
  • Linhart, O., Kouřil, J., & Hamáčková, J. (1987). Increased rate of egg fertilization in artificial propagation of sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.) by means of suppressing the movements of spermatozoa with immobilization solution. Aquaculture, 65(3-4), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90247-X
  • Linhart, O., Gela, D., Flajshans, M., Duda, P., Rodina, M., & Novák, V. (2000). Alcalase enzyme treatment for elimination of egg stickiness in tench, Tinca tinca L. Aquaculture, 191(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00433-6
  • Linhart, O., Šĕtch, L., Švarc, J., Rodina, M., Audebert, J.P., Grecu, J., & Billard, R. (2002). The culture of the European catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Czech Republic and in France. Aquatic Living Resources, 15(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(02)01153-1
  • Linhart, O., Gela, D., Rodina, M., & Kocour, M. (2004). Optimization of artificial propagation in European catfish, Silurus glanis L. Aquaculture, 235(1-4), 619-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.031
  • Linhart, O., Alavi, S.M.H., Rodina, M., Gela, D., & Cosson, J. (2008). Comparison of sperm velocity, motility and fertilizing ability between firstly and secondly activated spermatozoa of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24(4), 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01138.x
  • Linhart, O., Cheng, Y., Rodina, M., Gela, D., Tučková, V., Shelton, W.L., Tinkir, M, Memiş, D., & Xin, M. (2020). AQUA_2020_1080: Sperm management of European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) for effective reproduction and genetic conservation. Aquaculture, 529, 735620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735620
  • Neiffer, D.L., & Stamper, M.A. (2009). Fish sedation, anesthesia, analgesia, and euthanasia: considerations, methods, and types of drugs. ILAR Journal, 50(4), 343-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.50.4.343
  • Paschos, I., Nathanailides, C., Perdikaris, C., & Tsoumani, M. (2004). Comparison of morphology, growth and survival between Silurus glanis, S. aristotelis and their hybrid during larval and juvenile stages. Aquaculture Research, 35(1), 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.00983.x
  • Romanova E.M., Lyubomirova V.N., Romanov V.V., & Mukhitova M.E. (2017). Innovative approaches to receiving reproductive products of African sharptooth catfish in pool aquaculture. Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy, (3), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2017-3-88-93
  • Sanap, B.N., Ambulkar, R.S., Kamble, S.D., & Chaturvedi, C. S. (2018). Post-dissection survival, conservation and reutilization of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) male broodstock. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 2010-2017. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.240
  • Saygı, H., & Güleç, F. (2019). Fully controlled production and sex control of European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758). Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(6), 913-918. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.913-918.2528
  • Saylar, Ö. (1993). Comparative age determination methods and length-weight relationships in Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758) population living in Altınkaya Dam Lake and Kabalar Pond. Doctoral Thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science, Ankara (in Turkish only abstract in English).
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fisheries Management, Aquaculture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Tınkır 0000-0003-2807-2789

Adil Yilayaz 0000-0003-1133-5298

Devrim Memiş 0000-0001-7378-0165

Project Number FDK-2021-37544
Early Pub Date June 10, 2023
Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date February 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tınkır, M., Yilayaz, A., & Memiş, D. (2023). Two different methods of sperm collection in European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40(2), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.40.2.06