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Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 46 - 52, 30.06.2019

Abstract

The negative impact of multiple ascending doses
of cefquinome (CFQ) on hematological and serum biochemical profile of horse
unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple
ascending doses of cefquinome (CFQ) in horses on the following hematological
(WBCs, LYM, MON, GRA, RBCs, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and PLT) and
biochemical parameters (ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, CH, CR, GGT, LDH, TB, TP, TRIG, and
BUN). The study was performed on the sixteen mature horses (4.6 ± 2.1 years,
302 ± 38 kg). Four dosages of CFQ were applied as Group I; 1 mg/kg, Group II; 2
mg/kg, Group III; 4 mg/kg and Group IV; 6 mg/kg, and each animal received
intravenously a total of 13 injections, administered every 12 h for 7 days. The
hematological and biochemical parameters of horses were monitored on the before
0 day and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after the administration of the first CFQ. No
significant differences in serum biochemical parameters were found amongst the
groups (p>0.05). Significant differences were found in certain hematological
parameters (MONO, GRAN, RBC, HB, HCT, MCH, and PCT) amongst the groups
(p<0.05) within the reference ranges. These results indicate that the
administration of multiple doses of up to 6 mg/kg of CFQ in the horse had no
clinically significant impact on the blood parameters measured.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (SUBAPK).

References

  • 1. Murphy SP, Erwin ME, Jones RN. (1994). Cefquinome (HR IIIV), in vitro Evaluation of a Broad Spectrum Cephalosporin Indicated for Infection in Animals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 20: 49–55.
  • 2. Bryskier A. (1997). New Concepts in the Field of Cephalosporins: C-3′ Quaternary Ammonium Cephems (Group IV). Clin Mi-crobiol Infect. 3: 1-6.
  • 3. Limbert M, Isert D, Klesel N, et al. (1991). Antibacterial Activities in vitro and in vivo and Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome (HR 111V), a New Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 35: 14-19.
  • 4. Sader HS, Jones RN. (1993). The Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins: Antimicrobial Activity and Spectrum Definitions Using Cefpirome as an Example. The Antimicrobic Newsletter. 9: 9–16.
  • 5. Guérin-Faublée V, Carret G, Houffschmitt P. (2003). In vitro Activity of 10 Antimicrobial Agents Against Bacteria Isolated from Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Vet Rec. 152: 466-471.
  • 6. Thomas E, Thomas V, Wilhelm C. (2006). Antibacterial Activity of Cefquinome Against Equine Bacterial Pathogens. Vet Microbiol. 115: 140-7.
  • 7. CVMP, 2003. Cefquinome (extension to horses). Summary report (3). EMEA/MRL/883/03-final. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London, United Kingdom.
  • 8. Lohr B, Brunner B, Hellmann K. (2004). Survey of the Use of Cobactan® 2.5 % in Veterinary Practice: Horses. Tierarztliche Umschau. 59: 410-412.
  • 9. Smiet E, Haritova A, Heil BA, Fink-Gremmels J, Wijnberg ID. (2012). Comparing the Pharmacokinetics of a Fourth Genera-tion Cephalosporin in Three Different Age Groups of New For-est Ponies. Equine Vet J. 41: 52–56.
  • 10. Uney K, Altan F, Altan S, Erol H, Arican M, Elmas M. (2017). Plasma and Synovial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome Following the Administration of Multiple Doses in Horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 40(3): 239-247.
  • 11. Toutain PL, Del Castillo JRE, Bousquet-Melou A. (2002). The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Approach to a Rational Dosage Regimen for Antibiotics. Res Vet Sci. 73: 105–114.
  • 12. Morley PS, Apley MD, Besser TE, et al. (2005). Antimicrobial Drug Use in Veterinary Medicine. JVIM. 19: 617–629.
  • 13. Widmer A, Kummer M, Wehrli Eser M, Fürst A. (2009). Com-parison of the Clinical Efficacy of Cefquinome with the Combi-nation of Penicillin G and Gentamicin in Equine Patients. Eq-uine Vet Educ. 21: 430-435.
  • 14. Pinder M, Bellomo R, Lipman J. (2002). Pharmacological Principles of Antibiotic Prescription in the Critically Ill. Anaesth In-tensive Care. 30: 134-144.
  • 15. Pea F, Viale P. (2009). Bench-to-Bedside Review: Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock-Does the Dose Matter? Crit Care. 13: 214.
  • 16. Taccone FS, Laterre PF, Dugernler T, et al. (2010). Insufficient β-lactam Concentrations in the Early Phase of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Critical Care. 14(126): 1-9.
  • 17. Roberts JA, Ulldemolins M, Roberts MS, et al. (2010). Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams in Critically Ill Pa-tients: Proof of Concept. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 3: 332-339.
  • 18. Strawbridge S, Nailor MD. (2016). Safety of High-Dose Doripenem in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 7(3): 89–93.
  • 19. Edwards R, Aronson JK. (2000). Adverse Drug Reactions: Definitions, Diagnosis, and Management. Lancet. 356: 1255–1259.
  • 20. Khan DA, Solensky R. (2010). Drug Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125(2): 126-37.
  • 21. Owens RC. (2008). An Overview of Harms Associated with β-Lactam Antimicrobials: Where do the Carbapenems Fit in? Crit Care. 12(4): 1-11.
  • 22. Hoffman-Terry ML1, Fraimow HS, Fox TR, Swift BG, Wolf JE. (1999). Adverse Effects of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy. Am J Med. 106(1):44-49.
  • 23. Pulcini C, Couadau T, Bernard E, et al. (2008). Adverse Effects of Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for Chronic Bone Infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 27(12): 1227-1232.
  • 24. Norrby SR. (1987). Side Effects of Cephalosporins. Drugs. 34(2): 105-20.
  • 25. Philippe Lagacé-Wiens. (2012). Adverse Reactions to Β-Lactam Antimicrobials. Expert Opin Drug saf. 11(3): 381-399.
  • 26. El-Kammar MH, Basunei S. (2014). Antagonism of Detomidine-Induced Sedation, Analgesia, Clinicophysiological, and Hematobiochemical Effects in Donkeys Using IV Tolazoline or Atipamezole. JEVS. 34: 784–92.
  • 27. Kaya H, Çelik EŞ, Yılmaz S, Tulgar A, Akbulut M, Demir N. (2015). Hematological, Serum Biochemical, and Immunological Responses in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Exposed to Phosalone. Comp Clin Pathol. 24: 497–507.
  • 28. Bang NU, Kammer RB. (1983). Hematologic Complications Associated with β-Lactam Antibiotics. Rev Infect Dis 5(2): 380-393.
  • 29. Guglick MA, MacAllister CG, Clarke CR, Pollet R, Hague C, Clarke JM. (1998). Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime and Com-parison with Those of Ceftiofur in Horses. Am J Vet Res. 59(4): 458-463.
  • 30. Maden M, Traş B, Baş AL, Elmas M, Yazar E, Birdane FM. (2001). Investigation of biochemical and haematological side-effects of cefquinome in healthy dogs. Vet Quart. 23: 32-34.
  • 31. Saganuwan AS. (2006). Effects of Ceftriaxone on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Turkey. ARI. 3(3): 562 – 565.
  • 32. Mangal M, Sharma SK. (2015). Effect of Repeated Administration of Cefquinome On Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Buffalo Calves. Toxicol Int 22(1):110–113.
  • 33. Papich MG. (2003). Antimicrobial Therapy for Horses. In: Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, Ed: N.E. Robinson, pp 6-11, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
  • 34. Hollis AR, Wilkins PA. (2009). Current Controversies in Equine Antimicrobial Therapy. Equine Vet Educ. 21(4): 216-224.
  • 35. Van Krimpen PC, Van Bennekom WP, Bult A. (1987). Physico-chemical Properties and Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Bio-logical Matrices. Pharm Weekb. 9(1):1–23.
  • 36. Haggett EF, Wilson WD. (2008). Overview of The Use of Antimicrobials for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Horses. Equine Vet Educ. 20(8): 433-448.
  • 37. Khan TA, Zafar F. (2005). Haematological Study in Response to Varying Doses of Estrogen in Broiler Chicken. Int J Poult Sci. 4(10): 748-751.
  • 38. Oguz H, Kececi T, Birdane YO, Önder F, Kurtoglu V. (2000). Effect of Clinoptilolite on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Characters of Broiler Chickens During Aflatoxicosis. Res Vet Sci. 69(1): 89-93.
  • 39. Er A, Altan F, Cetin G, Dik B, Elmas M, Yazar E. (2011). Assessment of the Cardiotoxicity of Tulathromycin in Rabbits. Acta Vet Hung. 59(3); 327-335.
  • 40. Kuter DJ, Tillotson GS. (2001). Hematologic Effects of Antimicrobials: Focus on the Oxazolidinone Linezolid. Pharmacother-apy. 21(8): 1010–1013.
  • 41. Koubková M, Knížková I, Kunc P, Härtlová H, Flusser J, Doležal O. (2002). Influence of High Environmental Temperatures and Evaporative Cooling on Some Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in High-Yielding Dairy Cows. Czech J Anim Sci. 47(8): 309–318.
  • 42. Zobba R, Ardu M, Niccolini S, et al. (2011). Physical, Hematological, and Biochemical Responses to Acute Intense Exercise in Polo Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 31: 542-548.
  • 43. Giraldo CE, López C, Álvarez ME, Samudio IJ, Prades M, Carmona1 JU. (2013) Effects of the Breed, Sex and Age on Cellular Content and Growth Factor Release from Equine Pure-Platelet Rich Plasma and Pure-Platelet Rich Gel. BMC Vet Res. 9:29.
  • 44. Schalm OW, Jain NC, Carroll EJ. (1975). Veterinary Hematolo-gy. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
  • 45. Lassen ED, Swardson CJ. (1995). Hematology And Hemostasis in the Horse: Normal Functions and Common Abnormalities. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 11: 351–389.
  • 46. Adamu L, Noraniza MA, Rasedee A, Bashir A. (2013). Effect of Age and Performance on Physical, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Endurance Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 33: 415-20.
  • 47. Takasu M, Nagatani N, Tozaki T, et al. Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values for the Endangered Kiso Horse. J Equine Sci. 24(4): 75–78.
  • 48. Pađen L, Gomerčić T, Đuras, Arbanasić H, Galov A. (2014). Hematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Values for the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood Horse Breeds. Acta Vet-Beograd. 64(2): 200-12.
  • 49. Tomenendalova J, Vodicka R, Uhrikova I, Doubek J. (2014). Determination of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Przewalski Horses (Equus przewalski) Kept by the Prague Zoo. Vet Med-Czech. 59(1): 11–21.
  • 50. Wanderley EK, Bem BSC, Melo SKM, Gonzalez JC, Manso HECCC, Filho HCM. (2015). Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Mangalarga Marchador Horses After a Four-Beat Gait Challenge in Three Different Distances. J Equine Vet Sci. 35: 259–263.

Atlarda Sefkuinomun Çoklu Doz Uygulamalarının Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 46 - 52, 30.06.2019

Abstract

Sefkuinomun (CFQ) çoklu doz uygulamalarının,
atların hematolojik ve biyokimyasal profilleri üzerinde bir etkisi olup
olmadığı bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, atlarda çoklu artan CFQ dozlarının
bazı hematolojik (WBC, LYM, MON, GRA, RBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW ve PLT)
ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine (ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, CH, CR, GGT, LDH, TB,
TP, TRIG ve BUN) etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma 16 adet erişkin at (4.6 ±
2.1 yaş, 302 ± 38 kg) üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Atlara damar içi olarak 7 gün
boyunca her 12 saatte dört doz seviyesinde CFQ uygulandı: Grup I; 1 mg/kg, Grup
II; 2 mg/kg, Grup III; 4 mg/kg, Grup IV; 6 mg/kg) uygulanan toplam 13
enjeksiyon gerçekleştirildi. Belirlenen hematolojik ve biyokimyasal
parametreler ilaç uygulamasından önce (0 gün) ve ilk CFQ dozunun
uygulanmasından 1, 3, 7 ve 14 gün sonra izlendi. Tedavi günlerinde gruplar
arasında serum biyokimyasal parametrelerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>
0.05). Hematolojik parametrelerde (MONO, GRAN, RBC, HB, HCT, MCH ve PCT) doz
grupları arasında referans değerler içinde anlamlı farklar bulundu (p
<0.05). Bu sonuçlar, atlarda CFQ’un 6 mg/kg kadar çoklu doz uygulamalarının,
değerlendirilen kan parametreleri üzerinde klinik olarak önemli bir etkisi
olmadığını göstermektedir.

References

  • 1. Murphy SP, Erwin ME, Jones RN. (1994). Cefquinome (HR IIIV), in vitro Evaluation of a Broad Spectrum Cephalosporin Indicated for Infection in Animals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 20: 49–55.
  • 2. Bryskier A. (1997). New Concepts in the Field of Cephalosporins: C-3′ Quaternary Ammonium Cephems (Group IV). Clin Mi-crobiol Infect. 3: 1-6.
  • 3. Limbert M, Isert D, Klesel N, et al. (1991). Antibacterial Activities in vitro and in vivo and Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome (HR 111V), a New Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. 35: 14-19.
  • 4. Sader HS, Jones RN. (1993). The Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins: Antimicrobial Activity and Spectrum Definitions Using Cefpirome as an Example. The Antimicrobic Newsletter. 9: 9–16.
  • 5. Guérin-Faublée V, Carret G, Houffschmitt P. (2003). In vitro Activity of 10 Antimicrobial Agents Against Bacteria Isolated from Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Vet Rec. 152: 466-471.
  • 6. Thomas E, Thomas V, Wilhelm C. (2006). Antibacterial Activity of Cefquinome Against Equine Bacterial Pathogens. Vet Microbiol. 115: 140-7.
  • 7. CVMP, 2003. Cefquinome (extension to horses). Summary report (3). EMEA/MRL/883/03-final. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London, United Kingdom.
  • 8. Lohr B, Brunner B, Hellmann K. (2004). Survey of the Use of Cobactan® 2.5 % in Veterinary Practice: Horses. Tierarztliche Umschau. 59: 410-412.
  • 9. Smiet E, Haritova A, Heil BA, Fink-Gremmels J, Wijnberg ID. (2012). Comparing the Pharmacokinetics of a Fourth Genera-tion Cephalosporin in Three Different Age Groups of New For-est Ponies. Equine Vet J. 41: 52–56.
  • 10. Uney K, Altan F, Altan S, Erol H, Arican M, Elmas M. (2017). Plasma and Synovial Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome Following the Administration of Multiple Doses in Horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 40(3): 239-247.
  • 11. Toutain PL, Del Castillo JRE, Bousquet-Melou A. (2002). The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Approach to a Rational Dosage Regimen for Antibiotics. Res Vet Sci. 73: 105–114.
  • 12. Morley PS, Apley MD, Besser TE, et al. (2005). Antimicrobial Drug Use in Veterinary Medicine. JVIM. 19: 617–629.
  • 13. Widmer A, Kummer M, Wehrli Eser M, Fürst A. (2009). Com-parison of the Clinical Efficacy of Cefquinome with the Combi-nation of Penicillin G and Gentamicin in Equine Patients. Eq-uine Vet Educ. 21: 430-435.
  • 14. Pinder M, Bellomo R, Lipman J. (2002). Pharmacological Principles of Antibiotic Prescription in the Critically Ill. Anaesth In-tensive Care. 30: 134-144.
  • 15. Pea F, Viale P. (2009). Bench-to-Bedside Review: Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock-Does the Dose Matter? Crit Care. 13: 214.
  • 16. Taccone FS, Laterre PF, Dugernler T, et al. (2010). Insufficient β-lactam Concentrations in the Early Phase of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Critical Care. 14(126): 1-9.
  • 17. Roberts JA, Ulldemolins M, Roberts MS, et al. (2010). Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactams in Critically Ill Pa-tients: Proof of Concept. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 3: 332-339.
  • 18. Strawbridge S, Nailor MD. (2016). Safety of High-Dose Doripenem in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 7(3): 89–93.
  • 19. Edwards R, Aronson JK. (2000). Adverse Drug Reactions: Definitions, Diagnosis, and Management. Lancet. 356: 1255–1259.
  • 20. Khan DA, Solensky R. (2010). Drug Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125(2): 126-37.
  • 21. Owens RC. (2008). An Overview of Harms Associated with β-Lactam Antimicrobials: Where do the Carbapenems Fit in? Crit Care. 12(4): 1-11.
  • 22. Hoffman-Terry ML1, Fraimow HS, Fox TR, Swift BG, Wolf JE. (1999). Adverse Effects of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy. Am J Med. 106(1):44-49.
  • 23. Pulcini C, Couadau T, Bernard E, et al. (2008). Adverse Effects of Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for Chronic Bone Infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 27(12): 1227-1232.
  • 24. Norrby SR. (1987). Side Effects of Cephalosporins. Drugs. 34(2): 105-20.
  • 25. Philippe Lagacé-Wiens. (2012). Adverse Reactions to Β-Lactam Antimicrobials. Expert Opin Drug saf. 11(3): 381-399.
  • 26. El-Kammar MH, Basunei S. (2014). Antagonism of Detomidine-Induced Sedation, Analgesia, Clinicophysiological, and Hematobiochemical Effects in Donkeys Using IV Tolazoline or Atipamezole. JEVS. 34: 784–92.
  • 27. Kaya H, Çelik EŞ, Yılmaz S, Tulgar A, Akbulut M, Demir N. (2015). Hematological, Serum Biochemical, and Immunological Responses in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Exposed to Phosalone. Comp Clin Pathol. 24: 497–507.
  • 28. Bang NU, Kammer RB. (1983). Hematologic Complications Associated with β-Lactam Antibiotics. Rev Infect Dis 5(2): 380-393.
  • 29. Guglick MA, MacAllister CG, Clarke CR, Pollet R, Hague C, Clarke JM. (1998). Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime and Com-parison with Those of Ceftiofur in Horses. Am J Vet Res. 59(4): 458-463.
  • 30. Maden M, Traş B, Baş AL, Elmas M, Yazar E, Birdane FM. (2001). Investigation of biochemical and haematological side-effects of cefquinome in healthy dogs. Vet Quart. 23: 32-34.
  • 31. Saganuwan AS. (2006). Effects of Ceftriaxone on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Turkey. ARI. 3(3): 562 – 565.
  • 32. Mangal M, Sharma SK. (2015). Effect of Repeated Administration of Cefquinome On Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Buffalo Calves. Toxicol Int 22(1):110–113.
  • 33. Papich MG. (2003). Antimicrobial Therapy for Horses. In: Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, Ed: N.E. Robinson, pp 6-11, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
  • 34. Hollis AR, Wilkins PA. (2009). Current Controversies in Equine Antimicrobial Therapy. Equine Vet Educ. 21(4): 216-224.
  • 35. Van Krimpen PC, Van Bennekom WP, Bult A. (1987). Physico-chemical Properties and Analysis in Pharmaceutical and Bio-logical Matrices. Pharm Weekb. 9(1):1–23.
  • 36. Haggett EF, Wilson WD. (2008). Overview of The Use of Antimicrobials for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Horses. Equine Vet Educ. 20(8): 433-448.
  • 37. Khan TA, Zafar F. (2005). Haematological Study in Response to Varying Doses of Estrogen in Broiler Chicken. Int J Poult Sci. 4(10): 748-751.
  • 38. Oguz H, Kececi T, Birdane YO, Önder F, Kurtoglu V. (2000). Effect of Clinoptilolite on Serum Biochemical and Haematological Characters of Broiler Chickens During Aflatoxicosis. Res Vet Sci. 69(1): 89-93.
  • 39. Er A, Altan F, Cetin G, Dik B, Elmas M, Yazar E. (2011). Assessment of the Cardiotoxicity of Tulathromycin in Rabbits. Acta Vet Hung. 59(3); 327-335.
  • 40. Kuter DJ, Tillotson GS. (2001). Hematologic Effects of Antimicrobials: Focus on the Oxazolidinone Linezolid. Pharmacother-apy. 21(8): 1010–1013.
  • 41. Koubková M, Knížková I, Kunc P, Härtlová H, Flusser J, Doležal O. (2002). Influence of High Environmental Temperatures and Evaporative Cooling on Some Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in High-Yielding Dairy Cows. Czech J Anim Sci. 47(8): 309–318.
  • 42. Zobba R, Ardu M, Niccolini S, et al. (2011). Physical, Hematological, and Biochemical Responses to Acute Intense Exercise in Polo Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 31: 542-548.
  • 43. Giraldo CE, López C, Álvarez ME, Samudio IJ, Prades M, Carmona1 JU. (2013) Effects of the Breed, Sex and Age on Cellular Content and Growth Factor Release from Equine Pure-Platelet Rich Plasma and Pure-Platelet Rich Gel. BMC Vet Res. 9:29.
  • 44. Schalm OW, Jain NC, Carroll EJ. (1975). Veterinary Hematolo-gy. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
  • 45. Lassen ED, Swardson CJ. (1995). Hematology And Hemostasis in the Horse: Normal Functions and Common Abnormalities. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 11: 351–389.
  • 46. Adamu L, Noraniza MA, Rasedee A, Bashir A. (2013). Effect of Age and Performance on Physical, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Endurance Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 33: 415-20.
  • 47. Takasu M, Nagatani N, Tozaki T, et al. Hematological and Biochemical Reference Values for the Endangered Kiso Horse. J Equine Sci. 24(4): 75–78.
  • 48. Pađen L, Gomerčić T, Đuras, Arbanasić H, Galov A. (2014). Hematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Values for the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood Horse Breeds. Acta Vet-Beograd. 64(2): 200-12.
  • 49. Tomenendalova J, Vodicka R, Uhrikova I, Doubek J. (2014). Determination of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Przewalski Horses (Equus przewalski) Kept by the Prague Zoo. Vet Med-Czech. 59(1): 11–21.
  • 50. Wanderley EK, Bem BSC, Melo SKM, Gonzalez JC, Manso HECCC, Filho HCM. (2015). Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Mangalarga Marchador Horses After a Four-Beat Gait Challenge in Three Different Distances. J Equine Vet Sci. 35: 259–263.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research
Authors

Feray Altan

Hanifi Erol

Semih Altan

Mustafa Arıcan

Muammer Elmas

Kamil Üney

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Acceptance Date June 21, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altan, F., Erol, H., Altan, S., Arıcan, M., et al. (2019). Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 46-52.
AMA Altan F, Erol H, Altan S, Arıcan M, Elmas M, Üney K. Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. June 2019;12(1):46-52.
Chicago Altan, Feray, Hanifi Erol, Semih Altan, Mustafa Arıcan, Muammer Elmas, and Kamil Üney. “Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no. 1 (June 2019): 46-52.
EndNote Altan F, Erol H, Altan S, Arıcan M, Elmas M, Üney K (June 1, 2019) Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 46–52.
IEEE F. Altan, H. Erol, S. Altan, M. Arıcan, M. Elmas, and K. Üney, “Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse”, Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 46–52, 2019.
ISNAD Altan, Feray et al. “Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (June 2019), 46-52.
JAMA Altan F, Erol H, Altan S, Arıcan M, Elmas M, Üney K. Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;12:46–52.
MLA Altan, Feray et al. “Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019, pp. 46-52.
Vancouver Altan F, Erol H, Altan S, Arıcan M, Elmas M, Üney K. Effect of Multiple-Dose Administration of Cefquinome on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Horse. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;12(1):46-52.