Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 356 - 361, 15.06.2023

İclal Hocanlı Faruk Günak Leman Karaağaç

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146

Abstract

References

  • Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-473. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W. China novel coronavirus ınvestigating and research team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-733. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
  • Asghari A, Naseri M, Safari H, Saboory E, Parsamanesh N. The novel insight of SARS-CoV-2 molecular biology and pathogenesis and therapeutic options. DNA Cell Biol. 2020;39(10):1741-1753. DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5703.
  • Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao D, Xu D, Gong Q, Liao J, Yang H, Hou W, Zhang Y. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020(10226);395:809-815. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3.
  • Kabak M, Çil B, Hocanlı I. Relationship between leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and polymerase chain reaction positivity. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;93:107390. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107390.
  • Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, Chen H, Wang D, Liu N, Liu D, Chen G, Zhang Y, Li D, Li J, Lian H, Niu S, Zhang L, Zhang J. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect. 2020;80(4):401-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018.
  • Zhao W, Zhong Z, Xie X, Yu Q, Liu J. Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study. AJR 2020;214(5):1072e7. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.20.22976.
  • Lui K, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chin Med J. 2020;133(9):1025–1031. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744.
  • Shen M, Zhou Y, Ye J, Abdullah Al-Maskri AA, Kang Y, Zeng S, Cai S. Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):97-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.02.010.
  • Noh JY, Yoon SW, Kim DJ, Lee MS, Kim JH, Na W, Song D, Jeong DG, Kim HK. Simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and related bat coronaviruses by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Arch Virol. 2017;162(6):1617-1623. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3281-9.
  • Wang Y, Kang H, Liu X, Tong Z. Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):538-539. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25721.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stöger L, Beenen L, Geurts B, Gietema H, Krdzalic J, Schaefer-Prokop C, van Ginneken B, Brink M. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A categorical CT assessment scheme for patients suspected of having COVID-19-definition and evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201473.
  • Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, Bhalla S, Chung JH, Chung M, Henry TS, Kanne JP, Kligerman S, Ko JP, Litt H. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA- Secondary Publication. J Thorac Imaging. 2020;35(4):219-227. DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000524.
  • Brittain-Long R, Andersson LM, Olofsson S, Lindh M, Westin J. Seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Scand J Infect Dis. 2012;44(1):9-17. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2011.598876.
  • Mahony JB, Petrich A, Smieja M. Molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011;48(4-5):217-249. DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.640976.
  • Johansson N, Kalin M, Hedlund J. Clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011;43(8):609-615. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2011.570785.
  • Alharthy A, Aletreby W, Faqihi F, Balhamar A, Alaklobi F, Alanezi K, Jaganathan P, Tamim H, Alqahtani SA, Karakitsos D, Memish ZA. Clinical characteristics and predictors of 28-day mortality in 352 critically ill patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;11(1):98-104. DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200928.001.
  • Slaats J, Ten Oever J, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. IL-1β/IL-6/CRP and IL-18/ferritin: Distinct inflammatory programs in infections. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(12):e1005973. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005973.
  • Torti FM, Torti SV. Regulation of ferritin genes and protein. Blood. 2002;99(10):3505–3516. DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.10.3505.
  • Holub M, Lawrence DA, Andersen N, Davidová A, Beran O, Marešová V, Chalupa P. Cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers of community-acquired bacterial infection. Mediators of inflammation. 2013; 2013:190145. DOI: 10.1155/2013/190145.
  • van de Veerdonk FL, Wever PC, Hermans MH, Fijnheer R, Joosten LA, van der Meer JW, Netea MG, Schneeberger PM. IL-18 serum concentration is markedly elevated in acute EBV infection and can serve as a marker for disease severity. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2012;206(2):197–201. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis335.
  • Wu J, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang J, Wu D. Serum ferritin concentration predicts mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute on chronic liver failure. Archives of medical research. 2014;45(3):251–256. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.03.004.
  • Ludwig M, Jacob J, Basedow F, Andersohn F, Walker J. Clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients hospitalized for Influenza or COVID-19 in Germany. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;103:316-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.204.
  • Piroth L, Cottenet J, Mariet AS, Bonniaud P, Blot M, Tubert-Bitter P, Quantin C. Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(3):251-259. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30527-0.
  • Elshamly M, Nour MO, Omar AMM. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2016;65(4):831-839. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.06.002.
  • Kwee TC, Kwee RM. Chest CT in COVID-19: What the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics. 2020;40(7):1848-1865. doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200159.
  • Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Buitrago-Garcia D, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano-Achig P, Del Campo R, Ciapponi A, Sued O, Martinez-García L, Rutjes AW, Low N, Bossuyt PM, Perez-Molina JA, Zamora J. False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0242958. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242958.
  • Musher DM, Thorner AR. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(17):1619-1628. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1312885
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, Tao Q, Sun Z, Xia L. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32-E40. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.
  • Wu J, Wu X, Zeng W, Guo D, Fang Z, Chen L, Huang H, Li C. Chest CT findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and its relationship with clinical features. Invest Radiol 2020;55(5):257e61. DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000670.
  • Chung M, Bernheim A, Mei X, Zhang N, Huang M, Zeng X, Cui J, Xu W, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Jacobi A, Li K, Li S, Shan H. CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology 2020;295(1):202e7. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200230.
  • American College of Radiology. ACR Recommendations for the use of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) for suspected COVID-19 infection. [Internet]. America: American College of Radiology; [cited 19 April 20]. Available from: https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-PositionStatements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-SuspectedCOVID19-Infection.
  • De Smet K, De Smet D, Ryckaert T, Laridon E, Heremans B, Vandenbulcke R, Demedts I, Bouckaert B, Gryspeerdt S, Martens GA. Diagnostic performance of chest CT for SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with or without COVID-19 symptoms. Radiology. 2021;298(1):E30-E37. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202708.

Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 356 - 361, 15.06.2023

İclal Hocanlı Faruk Günak Leman Karaağaç

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146

Abstract

Objective: The distinction between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections can be difficult during the flu and winter seasons. The aim of this study is to detect bacterial/viral microorganisms in nasopharyngeal swab samples and to evaluate routine laboratory results of patients with PCR (-) but suspected covid 19.
Methods: Between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2021, 78 patients who were hospitalized and followed up in the suspected Covid service were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without growth on the respiratory panel. Laboratory, demographic and radiological data were compared between groups.
Results: C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group with growth on the respiratory panel compared to the group without growth (p= .05, p= .041, respectively). Reproduction was detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples taken in 56.4% of the patients. More than half of the patients were radiologically defined as CO-RADS 3.
Conclusion: It should not be forgotten that other respiratory viral and bacterial infections that mimic the COVID-19 clinic are also commonly observed during this period.

Keywords

SARS CoV-2 nasopharyngeal/throat swab PCR flu season

References

  • Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-473. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W. China novel coronavirus ınvestigating and research team. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-733. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
  • Asghari A, Naseri M, Safari H, Saboory E, Parsamanesh N. The novel insight of SARS-CoV-2 molecular biology and pathogenesis and therapeutic options. DNA Cell Biol. 2020;39(10):1741-1753. DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5703.
  • Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao D, Xu D, Gong Q, Liao J, Yang H, Hou W, Zhang Y. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020(10226);395:809-815. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3.
  • Kabak M, Çil B, Hocanlı I. Relationship between leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and polymerase chain reaction positivity. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;93:107390. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107390.
  • Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, Chen H, Wang D, Liu N, Liu D, Chen G, Zhang Y, Li D, Li J, Lian H, Niu S, Zhang L, Zhang J. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect. 2020;80(4):401-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018.
  • Zhao W, Zhong Z, Xie X, Yu Q, Liu J. Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study. AJR 2020;214(5):1072e7. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.20.22976.
  • Lui K, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP. Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chin Med J. 2020;133(9):1025–1031. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744.
  • Shen M, Zhou Y, Ye J, Abdullah Al-Maskri AA, Kang Y, Zeng S, Cai S. Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):97-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.02.010.
  • Noh JY, Yoon SW, Kim DJ, Lee MS, Kim JH, Na W, Song D, Jeong DG, Kim HK. Simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and related bat coronaviruses by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Arch Virol. 2017;162(6):1617-1623. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3281-9.
  • Wang Y, Kang H, Liu X, Tong Z. Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):538-539. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25721.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, Quarles van Ufford H, Stöger L, Beenen L, Geurts B, Gietema H, Krdzalic J, Schaefer-Prokop C, van Ginneken B, Brink M. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A categorical CT assessment scheme for patients suspected of having COVID-19-definition and evaluation. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E97-E104. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201473.
  • Simpson S, Kay FU, Abbara S, Bhalla S, Chung JH, Chung M, Henry TS, Kanne JP, Kligerman S, Ko JP, Litt H. Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA- Secondary Publication. J Thorac Imaging. 2020;35(4):219-227. DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000524.
  • Brittain-Long R, Andersson LM, Olofsson S, Lindh M, Westin J. Seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Scand J Infect Dis. 2012;44(1):9-17. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2011.598876.
  • Mahony JB, Petrich A, Smieja M. Molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011;48(4-5):217-249. DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.640976.
  • Johansson N, Kalin M, Hedlund J. Clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011;43(8):609-615. DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2011.570785.
  • Alharthy A, Aletreby W, Faqihi F, Balhamar A, Alaklobi F, Alanezi K, Jaganathan P, Tamim H, Alqahtani SA, Karakitsos D, Memish ZA. Clinical characteristics and predictors of 28-day mortality in 352 critically ill patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;11(1):98-104. DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200928.001.
  • Slaats J, Ten Oever J, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. IL-1β/IL-6/CRP and IL-18/ferritin: Distinct inflammatory programs in infections. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(12):e1005973. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005973.
  • Torti FM, Torti SV. Regulation of ferritin genes and protein. Blood. 2002;99(10):3505–3516. DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.10.3505.
  • Holub M, Lawrence DA, Andersen N, Davidová A, Beran O, Marešová V, Chalupa P. Cytokines and chemokines as biomarkers of community-acquired bacterial infection. Mediators of inflammation. 2013; 2013:190145. DOI: 10.1155/2013/190145.
  • van de Veerdonk FL, Wever PC, Hermans MH, Fijnheer R, Joosten LA, van der Meer JW, Netea MG, Schneeberger PM. IL-18 serum concentration is markedly elevated in acute EBV infection and can serve as a marker for disease severity. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2012;206(2):197–201. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis335.
  • Wu J, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang J, Wu D. Serum ferritin concentration predicts mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute on chronic liver failure. Archives of medical research. 2014;45(3):251–256. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.03.004.
  • Ludwig M, Jacob J, Basedow F, Andersohn F, Walker J. Clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients hospitalized for Influenza or COVID-19 in Germany. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;103:316-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.204.
  • Piroth L, Cottenet J, Mariet AS, Bonniaud P, Blot M, Tubert-Bitter P, Quantin C. Comparison of the characteristics, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(3):251-259. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30527-0.
  • Elshamly M, Nour MO, Omar AMM. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2016;65(4):831-839. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.06.002.
  • Kwee TC, Kwee RM. Chest CT in COVID-19: What the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics. 2020;40(7):1848-1865. doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200159.
  • Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Buitrago-Garcia D, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano-Achig P, Del Campo R, Ciapponi A, Sued O, Martinez-García L, Rutjes AW, Low N, Bossuyt PM, Perez-Molina JA, Zamora J. False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0242958. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242958.
  • Musher DM, Thorner AR. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(17):1619-1628. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1312885
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, Tao Q, Sun Z, Xia L. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32-E40. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.
  • Wu J, Wu X, Zeng W, Guo D, Fang Z, Chen L, Huang H, Li C. Chest CT findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and its relationship with clinical features. Invest Radiol 2020;55(5):257e61. DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000670.
  • Chung M, Bernheim A, Mei X, Zhang N, Huang M, Zeng X, Cui J, Xu W, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Jacobi A, Li K, Li S, Shan H. CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology 2020;295(1):202e7. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200230.
  • American College of Radiology. ACR Recommendations for the use of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) for suspected COVID-19 infection. [Internet]. America: American College of Radiology; [cited 19 April 20]. Available from: https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-PositionStatements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-SuspectedCOVID19-Infection.
  • De Smet K, De Smet D, Ryckaert T, Laridon E, Heremans B, Vandenbulcke R, Demedts I, Bouckaert B, Gryspeerdt S, Martens GA. Diagnostic performance of chest CT for SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with or without COVID-19 symptoms. Radiology. 2021;298(1):E30-E37. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202708.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İclal Hocanlı 0000-0003-3283-9639

Faruk Günak 0000-0003-4877-3662

Leman Karaağaç 0000-0001-7781-8474

Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date May 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hocanlı, İ., Günak, F., & Karaağaç, L. (2023). Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(2), 356-361. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146
AMA Hocanlı İ, Günak F, Karaağaç L. Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. June 2023;13(2):356-361. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146
Chicago Hocanlı, İclal, Faruk Günak, and Leman Karaağaç. “Evaluation of Laboratory Results With Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 2023): 356-61. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146.
EndNote Hocanlı İ, Günak F, Karaağaç L (June 1, 2023) Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13 2 356–361.
IEEE İ. Hocanlı, F. Günak, and L. Karaağaç, “Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 356–361, 2023, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146.
ISNAD Hocanlı, İclal et al. “Evaluation of Laboratory Results With Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 13/2 (June 2023), 356-361. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146.
JAMA Hocanlı İ, Günak F, Karaağaç L. Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13:356–361.
MLA Hocanlı, İclal et al. “Evaluation of Laboratory Results With Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 356-61, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1117146.
Vancouver Hocanlı İ, Günak F, Karaağaç L. Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2023;13(2):356-61.
 Download Cover Image

14639   14640