Research Article
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Growth Performance and Some Serum, Bone and Fecal Parameters of Broilers Fed with Different Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 157 - 163, 01.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1230291

Abstract

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of diet non-phytate phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) level on growth performance and some blood, bone and faeces parameters of broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 5 replicates for a 42-d study. Corn-soybean meal based diets were consisted of three different Ca and P concentrations for starter and grower periods. High, medium and low Ca and P levels in starter and grower periods were 1.05-0.49, 0.95-0.44, 0.85-0.41% and 0.87-0.42, 0.78-0.38, 0.69-0.34%, respectively. After the first 21-d feeding period, no differences were observed for feed intake (FI) but body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher (P<0.05) in group fed 0.85-0.41% Ca and P. Diet with low Ca and P tended to increase final body weight of the chicks at 42 days old. No differences were observed for FI, FCR and mortality among the treatments. Different Ca and P levels had no effect on internal organ weights (P>0.05). Fecal ash, tibia and sternum weight and sternum ash were not affected from the Ca and P concentrations but tibia ash was lower (P<0.05) in group having low concentration of Ca and P. Decreasing levels of Ca and P had a negative effect on relative breast meat weight (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in Ca, P concentrations and aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) activities in blood serum (P>0.05). However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity was higher (P<0.05) in group having medium levels of Ca and P. Based on the data, it can be concluded that 8.5 g/kg Ca and 4.1 g/kg P can be used for starter period without any deterioration on growth performance.

References

  • Adamu SB, Geida, YA, Gambo HI, Igwebuike JU, Muhammad ID. 2011. Influenced by dietary calcium-phosphorus ratios. Int J of Sci Nat, 2: 494-497.
  • Al-Masri MR. 1995. Absorption and endogenous excretion of phosphorus in growing broiler chicks, as influenced by calcium and phosphorus ratios in feed. Br J Nutr, 74: 407-415.
  • AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, DC, USA. 15th ed., pp: 771.
  • Bogin E, Israeli B. 1976. Enzymes profile of heart and skeletalmuscle, liver and lung of rooster and geese. Zbl Vet Med A, 23: 152-157.
  • Brady SM, Callan JJ, Cowan D, McGrane M, Doherty JV. 2002. Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of growerfinisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal-based diets. J Sci Food Agric, 82: 1780-1790.
  • Campbell TW, Coles EH. 1986. Avian clinical pathology. In Coles EH, Saunders WB editors. Wiley Co., Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Philadelphia, USA, 4th ed., pp: 279-301.
  • Corzo A, Kidd MT, Burnham DJ, Miller ER, Branton SL, Gonyales-Eequerra R. 2005. Dietary amino acid density effects on growth and carcass of broilers differing in strain cross and sex. J Appl Poultry Res, 14: 1-9.
  • Delezie E, Bierman K, Nollet L, Maertens L. 2015. Impact of calcium and phosphorus concentration, their ratio and phytase supplementation level on growth performance, food pad lesions and hock burn of broiler chickens. J Appl Poultry Res, 24: 115-126.
  • Delezie E, Maertens L, Huyghebaert G. 2012. Consequences of phosphorus interactions with calcium, phytase, and cholecalciferol on zootechnical performance and mineral retention in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci, 91: 2523-2531.
  • Driver JP, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI, Edwards HM. 2005. Effects of calcium and non phytate phosphorus concentrations on phytase efficacy in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci, 84: 1406-1417.
  • Fernandes JIM, Lima FR, Mendonca Jr CX, Mabe I, Albuquerque R, Leal PM. 1999. Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in feed and agricultural phosphates for poultry. Poultry Sci, 78: 1729-1736.
  • Günther KD, al-Masri MR. 1988. The influence of different phosphorus supply on phosphorus turnover in growing broiler chicks by means of 32P isotope. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 59: 132-142.
  • Hamdi M, Lopez-Verge S, Manzanilla EG, Barroeta AC, Perez JF. 2015. Effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus and their interaction on the performance of young broilers. Poultry Sci, 94: 2144-2151.
  • Han J, Wang J, Chen G, Qu H, Zhang J, Shi C, Yan Y, Cheng Y. 2016. Effects of calcium to non-phytate phosphorus ratio and different sources of vitamin D ongrowth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Rev Bras Zootecn, 45(1): 1-7.
  • Kheiri F, Rahmani HR. 2006.The effect of reducing calcium and phosphorus on broiler performance. Int J Poultry Sci, 5: 22-25.
  • Letourneau–Montminy MP, Lescoat P, Narcy A, Sauvant D, Bernier JF, Magnin M, Pomar C, Nys Y, Jondreville C. 2008. Effects of reduced dietary calcium and phytase supplementation on calcium and phosphorus utilization in broilers with modified mineral status. Brit Poultry Sci, 49: 705-715.
  • Letourneau-Montminy MP, Narcy A, Lescoat P, Bernier JF, Magnin M, Pomar C, Nys Y, Sauvant D, Jondreville C. 2010. Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilisation by chicks: Influence of dietary calcium and microbial phytase content. Anim, 4: 1844-1853.
  • Lewandowski AH, Harrison GJ. 1986. Clinical avian medicine and surgery. In: Saunders WB editor. Avian medicine. Harrisons's Bird Foods, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 31-66.
  • Liu JD, Bollinger W, Ledoux DR, Veum TL. 1998. Lowering the dietary calcium to total phosphorus ratio increases phosphorus utilization in low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase for growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci, 76: 808-813.
  • Mello HH, Gomes CPC, Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Rocha TCR, Almeida RL, Calderano AA, 2012. Dietary requirements of available phosphorus in growing broiler chickens at a constant calcium: available phosphorus ratio. Rev Bras Zootecn, 41: 2323-2328.
  • Naves LP, Rodrigues PB, Bertechini AG, Corrêa AD, Oliveira DH, Oliveira EC, Duarte WF, Cunha MRR. 2014. Comparison of methodologies to quantify phytate phosphorus in diets containing phytase and excreta from broilers. Asian Aus J Anim Sci, 27: 1003-1012.
  • Onyango EM, Hester PY, Stroshine R, Adeola O. 2003. Bone densitometry as an indicator of percentage tibia ash in broiler chicks fed varying dietary calcium and phosphorus levels. Poultry Sci, 82: 1787-1791.
  • Qian H, Kornegay ET, Denbow DM. 1997. Utilization of phytate phosphorus and calcium as influenced by microbial phytase, cholecalciferol, and the calcium:total phosphorus ratio in broiler diets. Poultry Sci, 76: 37-46.
  • Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Reddy MR, Pavani P. 2006. Interaction between dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus levels on growth, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in commercial broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 131: 135-150.
  • Ravindran V, Kornegay ET, Potter LM, Ogunabameru BO, Welten MK, Wilson JH, Potchanakorn N. 1995. An evaluation of various response criteria in assessing biological availability of phosphorus for broilers. Poultry Sci, 74(11): 1820-1830.
  • Rousseau X, Letourneau-Montminy MP, Meme N, Magnin M, Nys Y, Narcy A. 2012. Phosphorus utilization in finishing broiler chickens: effects of dietary calcium and microbial phytase. Poultry Sci, 91: 2829-2837.
  • Rousseau X, Valable AS, Letourneau-Montminy MP, Meme N, Godet E, Magnin M, Nys Y, Duclos MJ, Narcy A. 2016. Adaptive response of broilers to dietary phosphorus and calcium restrictions. Poultry Sci, 95: 2849-2860.
  • Sebastian S, Touchburn SP, Chavez ER, Lague PC. 1996. Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization on broilers chickens. Poultry Sci, 75: 1516-1523.
  • Selle PH, Cowieson AJ, Ravindran V. 2009. Consequences of calcium interactions with phytate and phytase for poultry and pigs. Livestock Sci, 124: 126-141.
  • TSE. 1991. Animal feed-determination of metabolizable energy (chemical method). Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)., Publ. No. 9610, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 1-32.
  • Viveros A, Brenes A, Arija I, Centeno C. 2002. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poultry Sci, 81: 1172-1183.
  • Walk CL, Addo–Chidie EK, Bedford MR, Adeola O. 2012. Evaluation of a highly soluble calcium source and phytase in the diets of broilers chickens. Poultry Sci, 91: 2255-2263.
  • Wilkinson SJ, Bradbury EJ, Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2014b. Effect of dietary nonphytate phosphorus and calcium concentration on calcium appetite of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci, 93: 1698-1703.
  • Wilkinson SJ, Selle PH, Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2014a. Separate feding of calcium improves performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks. Anim Prod Sci, 54: 172-178.
  • Yan F, Angel R, Ashwell C, Mitchell A, Christman M. 2005. Evaluation of broiler’s ability to adapt to an early moderate deficiency of phosphorus and Calcium. Poultry Sci, 84: 1232-1241.
  • Zantop DW. 1997. Biochemistries. Avian Medicine: Principles and Applications. Wingers Publishing Inc., Lake Worth, FL, USA, pp: 115-129.
Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 157 - 163, 01.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1230291

Abstract

References

  • Adamu SB, Geida, YA, Gambo HI, Igwebuike JU, Muhammad ID. 2011. Influenced by dietary calcium-phosphorus ratios. Int J of Sci Nat, 2: 494-497.
  • Al-Masri MR. 1995. Absorption and endogenous excretion of phosphorus in growing broiler chicks, as influenced by calcium and phosphorus ratios in feed. Br J Nutr, 74: 407-415.
  • AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, DC, USA. 15th ed., pp: 771.
  • Bogin E, Israeli B. 1976. Enzymes profile of heart and skeletalmuscle, liver and lung of rooster and geese. Zbl Vet Med A, 23: 152-157.
  • Brady SM, Callan JJ, Cowan D, McGrane M, Doherty JV. 2002. Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of growerfinisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal-based diets. J Sci Food Agric, 82: 1780-1790.
  • Campbell TW, Coles EH. 1986. Avian clinical pathology. In Coles EH, Saunders WB editors. Wiley Co., Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Philadelphia, USA, 4th ed., pp: 279-301.
  • Corzo A, Kidd MT, Burnham DJ, Miller ER, Branton SL, Gonyales-Eequerra R. 2005. Dietary amino acid density effects on growth and carcass of broilers differing in strain cross and sex. J Appl Poultry Res, 14: 1-9.
  • Delezie E, Bierman K, Nollet L, Maertens L. 2015. Impact of calcium and phosphorus concentration, their ratio and phytase supplementation level on growth performance, food pad lesions and hock burn of broiler chickens. J Appl Poultry Res, 24: 115-126.
  • Delezie E, Maertens L, Huyghebaert G. 2012. Consequences of phosphorus interactions with calcium, phytase, and cholecalciferol on zootechnical performance and mineral retention in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci, 91: 2523-2531.
  • Driver JP, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI, Edwards HM. 2005. Effects of calcium and non phytate phosphorus concentrations on phytase efficacy in broiler chicks. Poultry Sci, 84: 1406-1417.
  • Fernandes JIM, Lima FR, Mendonca Jr CX, Mabe I, Albuquerque R, Leal PM. 1999. Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in feed and agricultural phosphates for poultry. Poultry Sci, 78: 1729-1736.
  • Günther KD, al-Masri MR. 1988. The influence of different phosphorus supply on phosphorus turnover in growing broiler chicks by means of 32P isotope. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 59: 132-142.
  • Hamdi M, Lopez-Verge S, Manzanilla EG, Barroeta AC, Perez JF. 2015. Effect of different levels of calcium and phosphorus and their interaction on the performance of young broilers. Poultry Sci, 94: 2144-2151.
  • Han J, Wang J, Chen G, Qu H, Zhang J, Shi C, Yan Y, Cheng Y. 2016. Effects of calcium to non-phytate phosphorus ratio and different sources of vitamin D ongrowth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Rev Bras Zootecn, 45(1): 1-7.
  • Kheiri F, Rahmani HR. 2006.The effect of reducing calcium and phosphorus on broiler performance. Int J Poultry Sci, 5: 22-25.
  • Letourneau–Montminy MP, Lescoat P, Narcy A, Sauvant D, Bernier JF, Magnin M, Pomar C, Nys Y, Jondreville C. 2008. Effects of reduced dietary calcium and phytase supplementation on calcium and phosphorus utilization in broilers with modified mineral status. Brit Poultry Sci, 49: 705-715.
  • Letourneau-Montminy MP, Narcy A, Lescoat P, Bernier JF, Magnin M, Pomar C, Nys Y, Sauvant D, Jondreville C. 2010. Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilisation by chicks: Influence of dietary calcium and microbial phytase content. Anim, 4: 1844-1853.
  • Lewandowski AH, Harrison GJ. 1986. Clinical avian medicine and surgery. In: Saunders WB editor. Avian medicine. Harrisons's Bird Foods, Philadelphia, USA, pp: 31-66.
  • Liu JD, Bollinger W, Ledoux DR, Veum TL. 1998. Lowering the dietary calcium to total phosphorus ratio increases phosphorus utilization in low-phosphorus corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with microbial phytase for growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci, 76: 808-813.
  • Mello HH, Gomes CPC, Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Rocha TCR, Almeida RL, Calderano AA, 2012. Dietary requirements of available phosphorus in growing broiler chickens at a constant calcium: available phosphorus ratio. Rev Bras Zootecn, 41: 2323-2328.
  • Naves LP, Rodrigues PB, Bertechini AG, Corrêa AD, Oliveira DH, Oliveira EC, Duarte WF, Cunha MRR. 2014. Comparison of methodologies to quantify phytate phosphorus in diets containing phytase and excreta from broilers. Asian Aus J Anim Sci, 27: 1003-1012.
  • Onyango EM, Hester PY, Stroshine R, Adeola O. 2003. Bone densitometry as an indicator of percentage tibia ash in broiler chicks fed varying dietary calcium and phosphorus levels. Poultry Sci, 82: 1787-1791.
  • Qian H, Kornegay ET, Denbow DM. 1997. Utilization of phytate phosphorus and calcium as influenced by microbial phytase, cholecalciferol, and the calcium:total phosphorus ratio in broiler diets. Poultry Sci, 76: 37-46.
  • Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Reddy MR, Pavani P. 2006. Interaction between dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus levels on growth, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in commercial broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 131: 135-150.
  • Ravindran V, Kornegay ET, Potter LM, Ogunabameru BO, Welten MK, Wilson JH, Potchanakorn N. 1995. An evaluation of various response criteria in assessing biological availability of phosphorus for broilers. Poultry Sci, 74(11): 1820-1830.
  • Rousseau X, Letourneau-Montminy MP, Meme N, Magnin M, Nys Y, Narcy A. 2012. Phosphorus utilization in finishing broiler chickens: effects of dietary calcium and microbial phytase. Poultry Sci, 91: 2829-2837.
  • Rousseau X, Valable AS, Letourneau-Montminy MP, Meme N, Godet E, Magnin M, Nys Y, Duclos MJ, Narcy A. 2016. Adaptive response of broilers to dietary phosphorus and calcium restrictions. Poultry Sci, 95: 2849-2860.
  • Sebastian S, Touchburn SP, Chavez ER, Lague PC. 1996. Efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase at different dietary calcium levels on growth performance and mineral utilization on broilers chickens. Poultry Sci, 75: 1516-1523.
  • Selle PH, Cowieson AJ, Ravindran V. 2009. Consequences of calcium interactions with phytate and phytase for poultry and pigs. Livestock Sci, 124: 126-141.
  • TSE. 1991. Animal feed-determination of metabolizable energy (chemical method). Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)., Publ. No. 9610, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 1-32.
  • Viveros A, Brenes A, Arija I, Centeno C. 2002. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poultry Sci, 81: 1172-1183.
  • Walk CL, Addo–Chidie EK, Bedford MR, Adeola O. 2012. Evaluation of a highly soluble calcium source and phytase in the diets of broilers chickens. Poultry Sci, 91: 2255-2263.
  • Wilkinson SJ, Bradbury EJ, Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2014b. Effect of dietary nonphytate phosphorus and calcium concentration on calcium appetite of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci, 93: 1698-1703.
  • Wilkinson SJ, Selle PH, Bedford MR, Cowieson AJ. 2014a. Separate feding of calcium improves performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks. Anim Prod Sci, 54: 172-178.
  • Yan F, Angel R, Ashwell C, Mitchell A, Christman M. 2005. Evaluation of broiler’s ability to adapt to an early moderate deficiency of phosphorus and Calcium. Poultry Sci, 84: 1232-1241.
  • Zantop DW. 1997. Biochemistries. Avian Medicine: Principles and Applications. Wingers Publishing Inc., Lake Worth, FL, USA, pp: 115-129.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Akdağ 0000-0002-0154-7839

Zekeriya Kıyma 0000-0002-1760-6442

Publication Date March 1, 2023
Submission Date January 6, 2023
Acceptance Date February 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akdağ, A., & Kıyma, Z. (2023). Growth Performance and Some Serum, Bone and Fecal Parameters of Broilers Fed with Different Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 6(2), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1230291

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