Marmara Bölgesinde Faaliyet Gösteren Konteyner Terminallerinin Tehlikeli Yük Operasyonlarına ve Yük Yapılarına Yaklaşımları Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Abstract
Gelişmekte olan teknoloji ve artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle tehlikeli maddelere olan ihtiyaç ve bağımlılık her sektörde artmaktadır. Tehlikeli maddeler, birden çok yük sınıfına sahip olmakta olup, her yük sınıfı kendi türüne özel bir veya birden çok tehlikeye sahip olmaktadır. Tehlikeli maddeler, taşıma türleri ile üretilen veya işlenen yerlerden talep edilen yerlere gönderilmeleri esnasında tehlikeli yük ismini almaktadırlar. Tehlikeli yüklerin en güvenli ve ekonomik boyutlarda taşınmalarında denizyolu taşımacılığı oldukça çok tercih edilmektedir. Özellikle son dönemlerde konteyner taşımaları artmaktadır. Tehlikeli yük taşımaları için konteyner terminalleri çok önemli geçiş noktaları haline gelmiştir. Tehlikeli yüklerin terminal sınırları içerisinde operasyonları esnasında patlama, parlama sonucu yangın, yayılma ve liman personelini yaralanma ve ölüm, deniz ve çevre kirliliği tehlikeleri bulunmaktadır. Marmara bölgesinin gerek nüfus yoğunluğu açısından en kalabalık bölge olması ve dünyanın en boğazları arasında bulunan İstanbul ve Çanakkale boğazlarına ev sahipliği yapmasından dolayı jeopolitik anlamda çok önemlidir. Ayrıca beklenen büyük İstanbul depremi tehlikesinden dolayı Marmara bölgesi limanları üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Marmara denizi içerisinden geçmek olduğu iddia edilen büyük deprem fay hattının hareketi sonrasında Marmara bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren limanlarda deprem sonrasında muhtemel kazalar sonrasında çevredeki sivil halk içinde büyük riskler oluşma durumu bulunmaktadır.
Çalışmada, Marmara bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren konteyner terminallerinde tehlikeli yüklerin terminal sınırları içerisindeki geçirdikleri operasyonlar incelenmiştir. Bu operasyonlar beş ana kriterde toplanmış olup, bunlar giriş operasyonu, depolama operasyonu, elleçleme operasyonu ve acil durum operasyonu olmak üzere gruplandırılmıştır. Belirlenen kriterler ışığında konteyner terminallerine, tehlikeli yük taşımalarına hangi operasyonlarda güvenlik açısından önem verildiği ve güvenli açısından hangi yük türüne öncelik verildiği Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerde terminallerin büyük çoğunun terminal içerisinde meydana gelen acil durum operasyonları kapsamın insan hayatı, çevre kirliliği ve deniz kirliliği açısından önceliklerinin olduğu ve taşınan yük yapısı olarakta gaz yapısındaki yüklere güvenlik açısından öncelik verdikleri görülmüştür.
Keywords
Deniz İşletmeciliği Tehlikeli Yükler Deniz Ulaşımı Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği. Konteyner Yönetimi
Supporting Institution
yok
Project Number
yok
Thanks
yok
References
- Arıcan, O. H. ve Kara, E. G. E. (2022). Determination of Chemical Tanker Selection Criteria for Shipping Companies. Mersin Üniversitesi Denizcilik ve Lojistik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 209-233.
- Arslan, O. (2023). Gemi İşletmelerinde Stratejik Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk. Deniz İşletmeciliği ve Yönetiminde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Efe Akademik yayıncılık. İstanbul. 507-521.
- Basarıcı, A. S. ve Satır, T. (2019). Empty Container Movements Beyond the Effect of Trade Imbalance: Turkish Terminals. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 33(2), 141-166.
- Beresford, A.K.C., Gardner, B.M., Pettit, S.J., Naniopoulos, A. ve Wooldridge, C.F. (2002). ‘’The Unctad and Workport Models of Port Development: Evolution Or Revolution?’’ Maritime Policy & Management 31 (2), 93–107.
- Chu, G., ve Lyu, G. (2018). Critical Assessment on Dangerous Goods Storage Container Yard of Port: Case Study of Lpg Tank Container. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 1751-1755). IEEE.
- Christou, M.D. (1999). Analysis and Control of Major Accidents from The Intermediate Temporary Storage of Dangerous Substances in Marshalling Yards and Port Areas. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 12, 109–119.
- Cimer, Z., ve Szakal, B. (2015). Control of Major-Accidents Involving Dangerous Substances Relating to Combined Terminals. Science for Population Protection, 6(1), 1-11.
- Ding, L., Chen, Y., ve Li, J. (2016). Monitoring Dangerous Goods in Container Yard Using the Internet of Things. Scientific Programming, 2016.
- Ellis, J. (2011). Analysis of Accidents and Incidents Occurring During Transport of Packaged Dangerous Goods by Sea. Safety Science, 49(8-9), 1231-1237.
- Ellis, J. (2010). Undeclared Dangerous Goods—Risk Implications for Maritime Transport. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 9(1), 5-27.
- Hervás-Peralta, M., Poveda-Reyes, S., Santarremigia, F. E., ve Molero, G. D. (2020). Designing the Layout of Terminals With Dangerous Goods for Safer and More Secure Ports and Hinterlands. Case Studies On Transport Policy, 8(2), 300-310.
- IMO (2008). International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code: Incorporating Amendment 34-08. IMO, London. Lu, C.S. ve Yang, C.S. (2010). Safety Leadership and Safety Behavior in Container Terminal Operasyonlar.
- Safety Science 48 (2010) 123–134.
- Millet, I. ve Saaty, T. L. (2000). On the Relativity of Relative Measures–Accommodating Both Rank Preservation and Rank Reversals in the AHP. European Journal of Operasyonal Research, 121(1), 205-212.
- Palazzi, E., Currò, F. ve Fabiano, B. (2004). Simplified Modelling for Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Spills in Port Area. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 82 (B6), 412–420.
- Ren, D. (2009). Application of HFACS Tool for Analysis of Investigation Reports of Accidents Involving Containerized Dangerous Goods.
- Roa, P.G. ve Raghavan, K.V. (1996). Hazard and Risk Potential of Chemical Elleçleme at
- Ruscă, F., Raicu, S., Rosca, E., Rosca, M. ve Burciu, Ş. (2015). Risk Assessment for Dangerous Goods in Maritime Transport. In Towards Green Marine Technology and Transport-Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2015 (pp. 669-674).
- Saaty, T. L., ve VarGaz, L. G. (1987). Uncertainty and Rank Order in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operasyonal Research, 32(1), 107-117.
- Saaty, T.L. (1990). How to Make a Decision: the Analytic Hierarchy Proses, European Journal of Operasyon Research, 48, 9-26.
- Thomson, B. J. (1998). Proceeding of İnternational Workshop on Safety In The Transport Storage and Use of Hazardous Materials. Tokyo, Japan: NRIFD.
- Timor, M. (2011). Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi. Türkmen Kitabevi.
- Unctad (2017). Review of Maritime Transport. Unctad/Rmt/2017 United Nations Publication. eISBN 978-92-1-362808-9. Unctad (2021). Review of Maritime Transport. United Nations Publications 405 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10017 United States of America. eISBN: 978-92-1-000097-0.
- Yorulmaz, M. (2021). Liman İşletmelerinde Dijital Dönüşüm. Dijital Dönüşümün Sektörel Analizleri. Nobel Bilimsel Eserler. Ankara. 443-458.
- Xie, T., Lu, X., Wang, G. ve Lin, F. (2021, May). Research on Safety Risk, Prevention and Control in Port Dangerous Goods Container Yard. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1910, No. 1, p. 012029). IOP Publishing.
- Xu, C. (1996). Proposals for Further Improvement of Sea Transportation of Dangerous Cargo Carried in Freight Containers in China.
- Xu, M., Pan, Q. A. Muscoloni ve H. Xia, C.V. (2020). Cannistraci Modular Girişway-Ness Connectivity And Structural Core Organization In Maritime Network Science, Nature Communications. 11 (1), 1-15.
- Wang, J. ve Foinikis, F. (2001). Formal Safety Assessment of Containerships. Marine Policy 25. 143-157.
A Study on the Approaches of Container Terminals Operating in the Marmara Region to Dangerous Cargo Operations and Cargo Structures
Abstract
Due to the developing technology and increasing world population, the need and dependence on dangerous goods is increasing in every sector. Dangerous goods have multiple load classes and each load class has one or more hazards specific to itself. Dangerous goods are called dangerous goods when they are sent from the places where they are produced or processed by transport types to the requested places. When the contents of the transported dangerous goods are examined, crude oil and petroleum products are in the first place, chemical substances, oxidising agents, radioactive substances and biological cargoes. Maritime transport is highly preferred for the transport of dangerous cargoes in the safest and most economical dimensions. Container transports have been increasing especially in recent years. Container terminals have become very important transit points for dangerous cargo transports. During the operation of dangerous cargoes within the boundaries of the terminal, there are dangers of explosion, fire as a result of flare, spread and injury and death of port personnel, sea and environmental pollution. The Marmara region is very important in geopolitical and strategic terms because it is the most populous region in terms of population density and because it is home to the Istanbul and Dardanelles straits, which are among the most straits in the world. In addition, due to the danger of the expected great Istanbul earthquake, the ports of the Marmara region have been focused on. After the movement of the great earthquake fault line, which is claimed to pass through the Marmara Sea, there are great risks for the surrounding civilian population after possible accidents after the earthquake in the ports operating in the Marmara region.
In this study, the operations of dangerous cargoes within the terminal boundaries in container terminals operating in the Marmara region were analysed. These operations are grouped into five main criteria and they are grouped as entry operation, storage operation, handling operation and emergency operation. In the light of the determined criteria, the importance given to container terminals, dangerous cargo transports in terms of safety in which operations and which type of cargo is prioritised in terms of safety are determined by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In the data obtained, it has been observed that most of the terminals have priorities in terms of human life, environmental pollution and marine pollution within the scope of emergency operations occurring within the terminal and that they give priority to gas cargoes in terms of safety.
Project Number
yok
References
- Arıcan, O. H. ve Kara, E. G. E. (2022). Determination of Chemical Tanker Selection Criteria for Shipping Companies. Mersin Üniversitesi Denizcilik ve Lojistik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 209-233.
- Arslan, O. (2023). Gemi İşletmelerinde Stratejik Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk. Deniz İşletmeciliği ve Yönetiminde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Efe Akademik yayıncılık. İstanbul. 507-521.
- Basarıcı, A. S. ve Satır, T. (2019). Empty Container Movements Beyond the Effect of Trade Imbalance: Turkish Terminals. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 33(2), 141-166.
- Beresford, A.K.C., Gardner, B.M., Pettit, S.J., Naniopoulos, A. ve Wooldridge, C.F. (2002). ‘’The Unctad and Workport Models of Port Development: Evolution Or Revolution?’’ Maritime Policy & Management 31 (2), 93–107.
- Chu, G., ve Lyu, G. (2018). Critical Assessment on Dangerous Goods Storage Container Yard of Port: Case Study of Lpg Tank Container. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 1751-1755). IEEE.
- Christou, M.D. (1999). Analysis and Control of Major Accidents from The Intermediate Temporary Storage of Dangerous Substances in Marshalling Yards and Port Areas. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 12, 109–119.
- Cimer, Z., ve Szakal, B. (2015). Control of Major-Accidents Involving Dangerous Substances Relating to Combined Terminals. Science for Population Protection, 6(1), 1-11.
- Ding, L., Chen, Y., ve Li, J. (2016). Monitoring Dangerous Goods in Container Yard Using the Internet of Things. Scientific Programming, 2016.
- Ellis, J. (2011). Analysis of Accidents and Incidents Occurring During Transport of Packaged Dangerous Goods by Sea. Safety Science, 49(8-9), 1231-1237.
- Ellis, J. (2010). Undeclared Dangerous Goods—Risk Implications for Maritime Transport. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 9(1), 5-27.
- Hervás-Peralta, M., Poveda-Reyes, S., Santarremigia, F. E., ve Molero, G. D. (2020). Designing the Layout of Terminals With Dangerous Goods for Safer and More Secure Ports and Hinterlands. Case Studies On Transport Policy, 8(2), 300-310.
- IMO (2008). International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code: Incorporating Amendment 34-08. IMO, London. Lu, C.S. ve Yang, C.S. (2010). Safety Leadership and Safety Behavior in Container Terminal Operasyonlar.
- Safety Science 48 (2010) 123–134.
- Millet, I. ve Saaty, T. L. (2000). On the Relativity of Relative Measures–Accommodating Both Rank Preservation and Rank Reversals in the AHP. European Journal of Operasyonal Research, 121(1), 205-212.
- Palazzi, E., Currò, F. ve Fabiano, B. (2004). Simplified Modelling for Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Spills in Port Area. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 82 (B6), 412–420.
- Ren, D. (2009). Application of HFACS Tool for Analysis of Investigation Reports of Accidents Involving Containerized Dangerous Goods.
- Roa, P.G. ve Raghavan, K.V. (1996). Hazard and Risk Potential of Chemical Elleçleme at
- Ruscă, F., Raicu, S., Rosca, E., Rosca, M. ve Burciu, Ş. (2015). Risk Assessment for Dangerous Goods in Maritime Transport. In Towards Green Marine Technology and Transport-Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2015 (pp. 669-674).
- Saaty, T. L., ve VarGaz, L. G. (1987). Uncertainty and Rank Order in the Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operasyonal Research, 32(1), 107-117.
- Saaty, T.L. (1990). How to Make a Decision: the Analytic Hierarchy Proses, European Journal of Operasyon Research, 48, 9-26.
- Thomson, B. J. (1998). Proceeding of İnternational Workshop on Safety In The Transport Storage and Use of Hazardous Materials. Tokyo, Japan: NRIFD.
- Timor, M. (2011). Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi. Türkmen Kitabevi.
- Unctad (2017). Review of Maritime Transport. Unctad/Rmt/2017 United Nations Publication. eISBN 978-92-1-362808-9. Unctad (2021). Review of Maritime Transport. United Nations Publications 405 East 42nd Street, New York, New York 10017 United States of America. eISBN: 978-92-1-000097-0.
- Yorulmaz, M. (2021). Liman İşletmelerinde Dijital Dönüşüm. Dijital Dönüşümün Sektörel Analizleri. Nobel Bilimsel Eserler. Ankara. 443-458.
- Xie, T., Lu, X., Wang, G. ve Lin, F. (2021, May). Research on Safety Risk, Prevention and Control in Port Dangerous Goods Container Yard. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1910, No. 1, p. 012029). IOP Publishing.
- Xu, C. (1996). Proposals for Further Improvement of Sea Transportation of Dangerous Cargo Carried in Freight Containers in China.
- Xu, M., Pan, Q. A. Muscoloni ve H. Xia, C.V. (2020). Cannistraci Modular Girişway-Ness Connectivity And Structural Core Organization In Maritime Network Science, Nature Communications. 11 (1), 1-15.
- Wang, J. ve Foinikis, F. (2001). Formal Safety Assessment of Containerships. Marine Policy 25. 143-157.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Maritime Business Administration, Maritime Transportation and Freight Services |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | yok |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 3 |
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