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Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 67 - 78, 15.07.2017

Abstract

Enerji akışı ve besin maddesi döngüleri önemli ekosistem süreçleri olup
bakteriler, mantarlar, nematodlar, solucanlar ve eklembacaklılar gibi toprak
canlılarının aktiviteleri ile kontrol edilmektedir. Toprak içerisindeki
süreçlerin işleyişi ve toprak verimliliği bu canlıların faaliyetlerine bağlı
olarak devam etmektedir. Dünyadaki toplam karasal alanın %30’u kurak alanlar
olup eklembacaklılar, kurak ekosistemlerde yaşayan toprak canlıları içerisinde
büyük çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Bu ekosistemlerdeki hassas döngülerin
sürdürülebilmesinde önemli görevleri olan canlıların ve fonksiyonlarının
bilinmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Kurak alanlardaki toprak canlılarının besin
ağındaki fonksiyonel yapılarını abiyotik faktörlerden özellikle sıcaklık ve
toprak nemi etkilemektedir. 
Eklembacaklıların düşük enerji ihtiyaçları da kuraklık gibi ekstrem
şartlarda hayatta kalmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte ölüörtü-toprak
ilişkisi hem termal hem de hidrolik özellikleri etkileyerek hızlı değişimlere
neden olabilmekte ve özellikle toprak faunasının dağılımını ve çeşitliliğini
etkilemektedir. Genel olarak ölüörtü ayrışması üzerinde yağışın etkisi
baskınken kurak alanlarda ayrışma üzerinde ışıl bozunmanın etkisi hakimdir.
Eklembacaklıların ölüörtü ayrışmasına; ölüörtüyü toprakaltına taşıyarak
doğrudan veya karmaşık trofik ilişkiler ile dolaylı etkisi olduğu
bilinmektedir. Küresel değişim senaryolarında yer alan ekosistem fonksiyonları
için toprak altı biyoçeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi, giderek artan araştırma
konuları içinde yer almaktadır.Toprak faunasının miktar ve çeşitliliği ile
ekosistem servisleri arasında kuvvetli bir ilişki vardır. Toprakaltı
biyoçeşitliliğinin azalması bu servislerin aksamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, toprak faunasının biyoçeşitliliğine ve ekosistem fonksiyonlarına
olan etkileri araştırılmıştır.

References

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Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 67 - 78, 15.07.2017

Abstract

References

  • Akkaya, A., Uğurtaş, İ.H., 2006. The feeding biology of Ophisops elegans Menetries, 1832 (Reptilia: Lacertidae) populations of the Bursa region. Turkish Journal of Zoology 30, 357-360.
  • Ashwini, K.M., Sridhar, K.R., 2005. Leaf litter preference and conversion by a saprophagous tropical pill millipede, Arthrosphaera magna Attems. Pedobiologia 49, 307-316.
  • Austin, A.T., Vivanco, L., 2006. Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation. Nature 442, 555-558.
  • Bardgett, R., Hopkins, D., Usher, M., 2005. Biological diversity and function in soils. Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • Bardgett, R.D., 2005. The Biology of Soil: A Community and Ecosystem Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  • Bardgett, R.D., van der Putten, W.H., 2014. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature 515, 505-511.
  • Barros, E., Curmi, P., Hallaire, V., Chauvel, A., Lavelle, P., 2001. The role of macrofauna in the transformation and reversibility of soil structure of an oxisol in the process of forest to pasture conversion. Geoderma 100, 193-213.
  • Berg, B., Laskowski, R., 2005. Litter decomposition: a guide to carbon and nutrient turnover. Academic Press New York.
  • Berg, B., McClaugherty, C., 2014. Plant litter: decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Beylich, A., Oberholzer, H.-R., Schrader, S., Höper, H., Wilke, B.-M., 2010. Evaluation of soil compaction effects on soil biota and soil biological processes in soils. Soil and Tillage Research 109, 133-143.
  • Blair, J.M., Parmelee, R.W., Beare, M.H., 1990. Decay rates, nitrogen fluxes, and decomposer communiies of single-and mixed-species foliar litter. Ecology 71, 1976-1985.
  • Bradford, M.A., Berg, B., Maynard, D.S., Wieder, W.R., Wood, S.A., 2016. Understanding the dominant controls on litter decomposition. Journal of Ecology 104, 229-238.
  • Brand, R.H., Dunn, C.P., 1998. Diversity and abundance of springtails (Insecta: Collembola) in native and restored tallgrass prairies. The American Midland Naturalist 139, 235-242.
  • Brandstätter, C., Keiblinger, K., Wanek, W., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., 2013. A closeup study of early beech litter decomposition: potential drivers and microbial interactions on a changing substrate. Plant and Soil 371, 139-154.
  • Brussaard, L., 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in soil. Ambio 26, 563-570.
  • Cakir, M., 2012. Litter decomposition and organic matter turnover by soil microarthropods, Cost Action FP803 ‘Belowground Carbon Turnover in European Forests’, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Cakir, M., Makineci, E., 2013. Humus characteristics and seasonal changes of soil arthropod communities in a natural sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) stand and adjacent Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantation. Environmental monitoring and assessment 185, 8943-8955.
  • Cole, L., Buckland, S.M., Bardgett, R.D., 2005. Relating microarthropod community structure and diversity to soil fertility manipulations in temperate grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37, 1707-1717.
  • Coleman, D.C., Crossley, D.A., Hendrix, P.F., 2004. Fundamentals of soil ecology. Academic press, USA.
  • Çakır, M., Çakır, F., 2015. Ormancılık faaliyetlerinin ölüörtü ve toprak eklembacaklı faunasına etkisi, Üretim işlerinde hassas ormancılık sempozyumu, Ilgaz, pp. 116-123.
  • Çakır, M., Makineci, E., 2012. Toprak faunası: sınıflandırılması ve besin ağındaki yeri. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 61, 43-55.
  • Çetik, R., 1985. Türkiye Vejetasyonu I: İç Anadolu’nun Vejetasyonu ve Ekolojisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, Konya.
  • David, J.F., Gillon, D., 2002. Annual feeding rate of the millipede Glomeris marginata on holm oak (Quercus ilex) leaf litter under Mediterranean conditions. Pedobiologia 46, 42-52.
  • De Deyn, G.B., Cornelissen, J.H., Bardgett, R.D., 2008. Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes. Ecology letters 11, 516-531.
  • De Deyn, G.B., Raaijmakers, C.E., Zoomer, H.R., Berg, M.P., de Ruiter, P.C., Verhoef, H.A., Bezemer, T.M., van der Putten, W.H., 2003. Soil invertebrate fauna enhances grassland succession and diversity. Nature 422, 711-713.
  • Del Toro, I., Ribbons, R.R., Pelini, S.L., 2012. The little things that run the world revisited: a review of ant-mediated ecosystem services and disservices (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 17, 133-146.
  • Doblas-Miranda, E., Sánchez-Piñero, F., González-Megías, A., 2007. Soil macroinvertebrate fauna of a Mediterranean arid system: composition and temporal changes in the assemblage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39, 1916-1925.
  • Doblas-Miranda, E., Sánchez-Piñero, F., González-Megías, A., 2009. Vertical distribution of soil macrofauna in an arid ecosystem: Are litter and belowground compartmentalized habitats? Pedobiologia 52, 361-373.
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There are 97 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meriç Çakır

Publication Date July 15, 2017
Submission Date March 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çakır, M. (2017). Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 67-78.
AMA Çakır M. Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri. AJFR. July 2017;3(1):67-78.
Chicago Çakır, Meriç. “Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, no. 1 (July 2017): 67-78.
EndNote Çakır M (July 1, 2017) Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 1 67–78.
IEEE M. Çakır, “Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri”, AJFR, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 67–78, 2017.
ISNAD Çakır, Meriç. “Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/1 (July 2017), 67-78.
JAMA Çakır M. Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri. AJFR. 2017;3:67–78.
MLA Çakır, Meriç. “Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017, pp. 67-78.
Vancouver Çakır M. Toprak Faunasının Kurak Ekosistemlerdeki Görevleri. AJFR. 2017;3(1):67-78.