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Juvenile Parasagitta setosa (J. Müller, 1847) (Chaetognatha) from Shallow Waters of the Southern Black Sea: Temporal Size Structure, Gonad Maturity, and Gut Content

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 403 - 414, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1087064

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the abundance, body length, maturity stage, and gut content of Parasagitta setosa in the southern Black Sea, Turkey. The study was conducted twice a month from January 2008 to December 2008. Vertical hauls with a 112 μm mesh size plankton net were used from a depth of 50 m to the surface of the Sinop coast. During the study period, the abundance of this species was generally low, varying between 10 and 980 ind.m-2. In particular, the abundance of P. setosa was low from December to July but increased from August. Small size individuals were predominated, with both 1 – 1.99 mm and 2 – 2.99 mm size classes accounting for 62% of the total P. setosa sample. Four developmental stages were determined based on ovary and seminal vesicle development. Stage I (immature) was the predominant developmental stage in the P. setosa population. A total of 1580 individuals were dissected; however, only 53 individuals had food items in their gut (3.4%), with copepods (54.73%) accounting for the predominant group the food content. It was determined that the abundance values and feeding ratios of P. setosa were low in the coastal area of Sinop and new individuals join in the population during the summer-autumn period.

Thanks

I thank Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology for providing opportunities for the research cruise; the personnel of R/V Arastırma-1 and Farukcan for assistance in the field studies; Dr. Tuba Terbıyık Kurt and Dr. Jordan Grigora for useful suggestions and the referees for their valuable contributions.

References

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  • Calbet, A., Garrido, S., Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., & Duarte, C.M. (2001) Annual zooplankton succession in coastal NW Mediterranean waters: the importance of the smaller size fractions. Journal of Plankton Research, 23(3), 319-331.
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Güney Karadeniz’in Sığ Sularında Juvenil Parasagitta setosa (J. Müller, 1847) (Chaetognatha): Zamansal Boyut Yapısı, Gonad Gelişimi ve Mide İçeriği

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 403 - 414, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1087064

Abstract

Mevcut çalışma, Türkiye’nin Güney Karadeniz bölgesinde Parasagitta setosa bolluğunu, vücut uzunluğunu, olgunluk evresini ve bağırsak içeriğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, Ocak 2008 – Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında ayda iki kez gerçekleştirildi. Sinop kıyısında, 50 m derinlikten yüzeye dikey çekimlerle 112 µm göz açıklığına sahip plankton kepçesi kullanıldı. Çalışma süresi boyunca, türün bolluk değerleri genellikle düşük olup, 10 ile 980 birey.m-2 arasında değişmiştir. Özellikle, P. setosa bolluğu Aralık'tan Temmuz ayına kadar düşüktü ancak Ağustos ayından itibaren artmıştır. P. setosa popülasyonuna küçük boyutlu bireylerin baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toplam P. setosa örneğinin %62'sini oluşturan 1 – 1.99 mm ve 2 – 2.99 mm boy sınıflarına ile küçük boyutlu bireyler baskındı. Ovaryum ve seminal vezikül gelişimi kullanılarak dört gelişim evresi belirlenmiştir. P. setosa popülasyonunda evre I (olgunlaşmamış evre) baskın olmuştur. Toplam 1580 birey disekte edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, sadece 53 bireyin (%3,4) bağırsaklarında besin maddeleri bulunmuştur. Besin içeriğinin başlıca grubunu kopepodlar (%54,73) oluşturmuştur. Sinop kıyısal alanında P. setosa türünün bolluk değerlerinin ve beslenme oranlarının düşük olduğu ve yeni bireylerin yaz - sonbahar döneminde populasyona katıldığı belirlenmiştir.

References

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  • Alvariño, A. (1990). Chaetognatha. In K.G. Adiyodi & R.G. Adiyodi (Eds.), Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Vol. IV, Part B: Fertilization, Development and Parenteral Care (pp. 255-282). Oxford and IBH Publishing.
  • Alvariño, A. (1992). Chaetognatha. In K.G. Adiyodi & R.G. Adiyodi (Eds.), Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Vol V. Sexual Differentiation and Behaviour (pp. 425-470). Oxford and IBH Publishing.
  • Arashkevich, E.G., Stefanova, K., Bandelj, V., Siokou, I., Kurt, T.T., Orek, Y.A., Timofte, F., Timonin, A., & Solidoro, C. (2014). Mesozooplankton in the open Black Sea: Regional and seasonal characteristics. Journal of Marine Systems, 135, 81-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.07.011
  • Batistić, M., Mikuš, J., & Njire, J. (2003). Chaetognaths in the South Adriatic: Vertical distribution and feeding. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(6), 1301-1306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315403008713
  • Besiktepe, S., & Unsal, M. (2000). Population structure, vertical distribution and diel migration of Sagitta setosa (Chaetognatha) in the south-western part of the Black Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(4), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/22.4.669
  • Beşiktepe, Ş. (1998). Studies on some ecological aspects of copepods and Chaetognaths in the southern Black Sea, with particular reference to Calanus euxinus. [Doctoral thesis, Middle East Technical University].
  • Bone, Q., Kapp, H., & Pierrot-Bults, A.C. (1991). Introduction and relationships of the group. In Q. Bone, H. Kapp & A.C. Pierrot-Bults (Eds.), The Biology of Chaetognaths (pp. 1-4). Oxford Press.
  • Calbet, A., Garrido, S., Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., & Duarte, C.M. (2001) Annual zooplankton succession in coastal NW Mediterranean waters: the importance of the smaller size fractions. Journal of Plankton Research, 23(3), 319-331.
  • Drits, A.V., & Utkina, S.V. (1988). Sagitta setosa feeding in the deep layers of high plankton concentration during daytime in the Black Sea. Okeanologiya, 28, 1014-1019 (in Russian)
  • Duró, A., & Saiz, E. (2000). Distribution and trophic ecology of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean in relation to an inshore–offshore gradient. Journal of Plankton Research, 22(2), 339-361. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/22.2.339
  • Erkan, F., Gücü, A.C., & Zagorodnyaya, J. (2000). The diel vertical distribution of zooplankton in the southeast Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24(4), 417-427.
  • Feyzioğlu, A.M., Sivri, N., Okumuş, İ., Yilmaz, S., & Eruz, C. (1998, September 2-4). Some morphological characteristics and gonad development of arrow worm Sagitta setosa in southeastern Black Sea [Oral presentation]. The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fisheries and Ecology, Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Feyzioğlu, A.M., Şahin, A., Yıldız, İ., & Ateş, D. (2010, April 27- May 1). Doğu Karadeniz’de Sagitta setosa’nın populasyon yapısı, dağılımı ve üreme özellikleri [Oral presentation]. Türkiye’nin Kıyı ve Deniz Alanları VIII. Ulusal Kongresi, Trabzon, Türkiye. (in Turkish).
  • Fulmer, J.H., & Bollens, S.M. (2005). Responses of the chaetognath, Sagitta elegans, and larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, to spring diatom and copepod blooms in a temperate fjord (Dabob Bay, Washington). Progress in Oceanography, 67(3-4), 442-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.09.010
  • Hopkins, T.L., Flock, M.E., Gartner, J.V. Jr., & Torres, J.J. (1994). Structure and trophic ecology of a low latitude midwater decapod and mysid assemblage. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 109, 143-156. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps109143
  • Hughes, B.B., Levey, M.D., Brown, J.A., Fountain, M.C., Carlisle, A.B., Litvin, S.Y., Greene, C.M., Heady, W.N., & Gleason, M.G. (2014). Nursery functions of U.S. west coast estuaries: The state of knowledge for juveniles of focal invertebrate and fish species. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington.
  • Johnson, T.B., Miller, M.J., Tsukamoto, K., & Terazaki, M. (2006). First record of a leprocephalus larva ingested by a chaetognath. Coastal Marine Science, 30(2), 469-472.
  • Johnson, T.B., Nakagami, M., Ueno, Y., Narimatsu, Y., Suyama, S., Kurita, Y., Sugisaki, H., & Terazaki, M. (2008). Chaetognaths in the diet of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Coastal Marine Science, 32(1), 39-47.
  • Kehayias, G., Lykakis, J., & Fragopoulu, N. (1996). The diets of the chaetognaths Sagitta enflata, S. serratodentata atlantica and S. bipunctata at different seasons in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53(5), 837-846. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1996.0105
  • Kehayias, G., Koutsikopoulos, C., Fragopoulu, N., & Lykakis, J. (1999). A single maturity classification key for five common Mediterranean chaetognath species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79(6), 1137-1138. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315499001459
  • Kehayias, G., Michaloudi, E., & Koutrakis, E. (2005). Feeding and predation impact of chaetognaths in the north Aegean Sea (Strymonikos and Ierissos Gulfs). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(6), 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405012737
  • Kehayias, G., & Ntakou, E. (2008). Abundance, vertical distribution and feeding of chaetognaths in the upper 50m layer of the eastern Aegean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 42(5-8), 633-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701835597
  • Lebedeva, L.P., Lukasheva, T.A., Anokhina, L.L., & Chasovnikov, V.K. (2015). Interannual variability in the zooplankton community in Golubaya Bay (Northeastern part of the Black Sea) in 2002-2012. Oceanology, 55, 355-363. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437015030091
  • Lefcheck, J.S., Hughes, B.B., Johnson, A.J., Pfirrmann B.W., Rasher, D.B., Smyth, A.R., Williams, B.L., Beck, M.W. & Orth, R.J. (2019). Are coastal habitats important nurseries? A meta-analysis. Conservation Letters, 12(4): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12645
  • Marinova, V., & Stefanova, K. (2009, November 2-4). Spatial distribution and migration of sound scattering layers and zooplankton in front of Bulgarian Black Sea coast [Oral presentation]. Fifth Scientific Conference with International Participation Space, Ecology, Nanotechnology, Safety, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Marion, A., Harvey, M., Chabot, D., & Brêthes, J.C. (2008). Feeding ecology and predation impact of the recently established amphipod, Themisto libellula, in the St. Lawrence marine system, Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 373, 53-70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07716
  • Mehlum, F., & Gabrielsen, G.W. (1993). The diet of High-Arctic seabirds in coastal and ice-covered, pelagic areas near the Svalbard archipelago. Polar Research, 12(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v12i1.6698
  • Moldoveanu, M., & Timofte, F. (2004). Signs of marine ecosystem rehabilitation along the Romanian Black Sea littoral identified by zooplankton indicator after 1994. Cercetări Marine, 35, 87-108.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Funda Üstün 0000-0002-7435-8414

Early Pub Date August 24, 2022
Publication Date September 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Üstün, F. (2022). Juvenile Parasagitta setosa (J. Müller, 1847) (Chaetognatha) from Shallow Waters of the Southern Black Sea: Temporal Size Structure, Gonad Maturity, and Gut Content. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 18(3), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1087064